Imene chaka Soviet Union anakomoka, chimene chinapangitsa kuti

Mukuganizira zimene chaka Soviet Union anakomoka, tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule kufotokoza zifukwa kugwa boma amphamvu. Anali lake "imfa" ya anakonza kapena zinali chifukwa cha kupanda ungwiro zobisika za mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo? Ambiri mwa madera a Soviet Union nacho icho tinatengera kwa tsarist Russia. Tsarism anatsogolera mfundo ndi mwamakani kwa anansi ake. Pa kapangidwe ake anagonjetsa madera - Poland, Finland, mayiko Baltic. Kenako, Finland ndi Poland anakwanitsa kusiya, koma mu zaka 1939-1946 Soviet Union kuti agwirizane pansi pa chiphiphiritso "ndi zolinga za anthu ntchito ya anthu fraternal 'm'madera awo m'dziko ku Western Ukraine ndi Belarus, ndi Baltic States, Republic of Tuva, Bessarabia ndi kumpoto Bukovina.

Izo zikhoza kapadera kuti si onse "ogwira ntchito ya anthu fraternal" ankafunitsitsa kuona njira yovuta ndi chithumwa collectivization, koma chifukwa magulu centrifugal mu Mipikisano kukatentha, wotchedwa anthu Soviet, kuti nthawi zonse. Koma amene chaka Soviet Union linagwa, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani izo zinaliri apo, osati Mwachitsanzo, zaka 20 m'mbuyomo kapena mtsogolo? Motero n'kutheka nthawi yaitali kogwirizana "njira" yogwilizana pamodzi ndi chimodzi-chimodzi cha dziko chinali chinthu zachuma. Makamaka asangalala nthawi unawonongedwa. Ndiye boma anali gawo yaikulu mu Europe ndi ku Asia, ali ndi nyanja ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso chuma kwathunthu kapena pang'ono ankalamulira za "msasa zokomera". Mukhoza mosamala kuti 50-60-ntchentche anali "golide zaka" wa USSR.

Komabe, zinthu zinasintha mu 1970 ndi. Oopsya mavuto padziko lonse ndi kugwa mitengo mafuta anagwedeza chuma ndigwira khola ndi kuwulula zopindika chobisika mfundo ndi zachuma lomwe kenako anachititsa kugwa kwa USSR. Tsiku kugwa boma cha dziko - 26 December 1991 - kotero izo zinali zotsatira za matendawa kalekale akamayamba. State ulamuliro wakhala lonse monstrously centralized. Onse ananena "mu boma la Russia" pa magawo plenary a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU. Chotero monocentrism mu kupanga zisankho zinachititsa kuti kusakhutira wa Republic Federal, umenenso njira, komanso amaikidwa Moscow.

chuma anali chisoni kwambiri. Komanso zipangizo kupanga katundu kuyenda zikwi makilomita (thonje chakula Uzbekistan, woyesedwa ku Siberia, anatambasulira mu Ivanovo ndi zovala anali sewn mu maiko Baltic), komanso chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya dongosolo anali. mapulani amenewa anapangidwa ndi ovomerezedwa ndi womdziwa akutali zenizeni kupanga ndondomeko. Ntchito pa kukhazikitsa zaka zisanu kutsogozedwa ndi kuwonjezeka mu yopanga katundu wotchipa ndi zabwino, ndi mitengo BOMA mankhwala n'kogwiritsa kusowa. Choncho, mosaganizira za kaya Soviet Union linagwa mu chaka chimene, kusakhutira ndi moyo pa "anayamba sosholisimu" wakhala likunena kuwonjezeka.

asayansi ambiri andale amanena kuti boma wamphamvu unagawidwa zidutswa yekha kwa vinyo ndi chifukwa cha machenjerero a capitalist West, makamaka US. Mwina ena choonadi ichi, pali zokhota zinachitika. Koma kulingalira banja logwirizana, pamene mtendere ndi chikondi ulamuliro. Kodi n'zotheka chifukwa mwamuna ndi mkazi kusudzulana kuuza wina wa iwo, mwachitsanzo, mu lina anthu banja moyo bwino? kufufuza okhwima, chitsulo nsalu yotchinga, aakulu kupondereza wa dissent kunandithandiza mphamvu centrifugal anthu. Dziko linayamba chida mu mlengalenga ndipo anatumiza thandizo akuwonjezerekabe kwa Africa ndi Cuba, koma pa nthawi yomweyo nzika njala ya dziko lalikulu sakanatha kugula paketi batala. Zilibe kanthu zimene chaka Soviet Union anakomoka kwathunthu, n'kofunika kuti anayamba kugwetsa pa mapeto a '70s.

Nkhondo Afghanistan, wamantha malamulo a boma amene anali kuyesera kubisa ngozi pa Chernobyl mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera, monga anamaliza ndondomekoyi. A colossus pa miyendo dongo anakomoka. kukonzanso anayamba mochedwa kwambiri ndipo sanathe kuteteza kugwa izi. Ndipotu December 1991, pamene boma la Soviet Union linagwa, m'dziko limodzi sanali, ndipo panali madera 15 analekanitsidwa ndi zotsutsana yake ndi mavuto.