The maalumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano: chitsitsimutso wa asilikali Russian

Yotopetsa nkhondo mu zaka zana la 17 chipwirikiti, ndi kufooka wa asilikali ndi kulephera kwake kuteteza boma ku Adani - zinthu zonsezi kuphatikiza kulenga zinthu zofunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali wina Russian, umene unayamba ndi maalumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano.

kuyambira

Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuonetsa pa chilengedwe cha asilikali atsopano anakhala ndi kovuta ndi chipwirikiti nthawi mbiri yathu - mu Nthawi ya Mavuto anapsa kuopseza lowopsya la kuwukira yachilendo. Panthawi imeneyi ndewu osewera akunja ganyu militias kulimbana ndi asilikali Polish. Zinali ndiye kuti Michael Skopin-Shumsky, modzipereka anakhudzidwa zochita yatsopano ndi woyenera Swedish oyenda molimba mtima kubweza matenda a hussars Polish, anaganiza bungwe asilikali chitsanzo yachilendo - Dutch ndi Swedish. The maalumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano, wopangidwa makamaka a militias wamba, anasonkhana ku Novgorod ndi ntchito anthu 18 sauzande. Anawaphunzitsa zida woyenera Belgium Hristier Somme, moganizira machenjerero pofuna kuthana ndi apakavalo, limene chiwerengero cha pikemen yokutidwa ndi musketeers musket - chida chachikulu cha nthawi.

The kupambana loyamba

Ngakhale mopupuluma ophunzitsidwa, maalumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano mu September 1609 anapambana chigonjetso zingapo zofunika pa Zitsulo: Moscow anaswa anatseka misewu ndi anabwerera m'mizinda ingapo, akuponya asilikali achilendo kumbuyo. Koma Nthawi ya Mavuto mwasintha zinthu zochitika wotsatira. Pambuyo chiphe Skopin-Shumsky asilikali omwazika. Choncho anathetsa mlandu wa bungwe bwino za regiments wa nyemba yachilendo.

Ulendo wachiwiri

Kufunika njira kubwerera Smolensk, anapereka Zitsulo, ndi chitsitsimutso cha asilikali amphamvu imayenera anali kutsogolera wina kwa chilengedwe cha regiments latsopano mu 1630. Yambani ntchito imeneyi mwakhama akatswiri Swedish ndi Dutch ndi mapeto a 1631 anapanga Regiment 2, mu lirilonse la chiwerengero cha anthu 1600. Poyamba izo zinakonzedwa kuti kugula regiments ana boyars opanda minda, koma iwo analibe chidwi utumiki oyenda, ndipo anaganiza kuti atenge asilikali Cossacks ndi oponya mivi ana.

Lamulo la Regiment anatenga koyamba anthu makamaka yachilendo. Aliyense Regiment inkakhala 8 makampani, anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa msilikaliyo, msilikali wamkulu, lalikulu ndi akazembe asanu. Mu gulu la asilikali, panali 200, zomwe 120 anali musketeers ndi 80 - pikemen. chiwerengero cha regiments unakula mofulumira: chiyambi cha 1632 apo kale 6 (9000 anthu).

Kuyambira m'ma 1632 anayamba woyamba kulengedwa Reitarska Regiment wa boyars ndi ana a otchuka, amene manambala ndi kumapeto kwa chaka 1721 anauka kwa mwamuna. Pamafunikanso kwa nthawi yoyamba bungwe gulu la Dragoon, ndipo posakhalitsa anapanga ndi Regiment osiyana dragoons, chomwe ndi makampani 12. The maalumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano panthawi 1632-1634 gg. anali maziko a asilikali, 10 nkhondowo-wokonzeka mayunitsi analipo anthu 17 zikwi analengedwa. Iwo anamenya molimba mtima, anali wolimba ndi wosachiritsika, amunamuna adzionetsere mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi amphamvu za mdani, koma pankhondo Russia sanakwaniritsidwe. Ndipo pa mapeto a regiments kumenyana a dongosolo latsopano anali anathetsa. Ulendo wachiwiri bungwe asilikali komanso anakwanitsa theka yokha.

Mbali yachitatu

Patapita zaka zingapo, mu 1638, boma la dzikoli mapangidwe ziwalo za chitsanzo watsopano pofuna kuteteza malire a kum'mwera Russia. Iye anali kuyang'anira ntchito yokonza asilikali, zomwe zili kumaliseche Novgorod, Cavalier ndi ambiri, ndi England Tomás Daleyl.

Ndimapanga regiments anatsogolera kuchita kukakamizidwa kukhala asilikali datochnyh amuna amene anatumikira ku kasupe azivutika ndi yozizira maluwa m'nyumba zawo. Mwambo umenewu wakhala si zabwino palokha: maphunziro amadza kuchepa kugwirizana ndi tchuthi kwambiri. Choncho, nationalization ena midzi kum'mwera ndi m'midzi ing'onoing'ono zinachitikadi mu 1643-1648, motero, monga anthu wamba olembedwa dragoons lapansi.

Asilikali kusintha Alexei Mikhailovich

The cha m'ma 17 ku Russia zinali zodzaza ndi chochitika chofunika kwambiri dziko - ndi lamulo la Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich anayamba kusintha kwakukulu wa asilikali apeze mbali yabwino ya kachitidwe kakale - osankhika Moscow m'dera apakavalo, Moscow musketeers ndi gunners, ndi chilengedwe cha mayunitsi nkhondowo m'chifanizo anasonyeza kale luso lawo lankhondo regiments.

M'nkhani ya Chirasha Polish nkhondo ya 1654-1667. mankhwala awa akhala maziko amphamvu ankhondo la dzikolo. The m'masitolo dongosolo latsopano ndi Alexis - msilikali, dragoon gawo skomplektovat datochnyh anthu usilikali kuti utumiki wa moyo wonse. utumiki m'dzikolo polima.

Reitarska regiments inakhazikitsidwa osati kuchokera datochnyh, komanso osauka ndiponso anthu opanda minda olemekezeka, Cossacks ndi ana boyar. mazana chabwino zonse anasamutsa dongosolo Reitarska. Kusuntha pamalo abwino zofunika anali kusankha zikuchokera asilikali wokwera lancers - Hussars. Swedish zambiri khalidwe la maudani ndi akuphunzitsa msilikali anali kwambiri zothandiza, kuti kufanana kwa Russian ndi Swedish apakavalo. Wangwiro luso ndi zipangizo kwambiri hussar akutsutsana wolemekezeka mankhwala amenewa chilengedwe Russian asilikali okwera pamahatchi.

Russian kunyada

The m'masitolo dongosolo latsopano pakati. 17c. anapanga motsogoleredwa ndi akapitawo ophunzitsidwa bwino. Pa nkhondoyo, anatengedwa ndi akaphunzire anthu osachepera zikwi zana, anasonyeza kugwirizana kwa lingaliro la chilengedwe mayunitsi ngati asilikali. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma maalumali wa m'dongosolo latsopano - ndi mbali yabwino asilikali anapanga m'tsogolo zochokera zonse wopambana Russian asilikali.