Nthawi ya coups yachifumu: tebulo. Zotsatira za nyengo coups yachifumu

Zofunika ndi chidwi gawo mu mbiri ya Russia panali nthawi kuchokera 1725 mpaka 1762. Panthawi imeneyi wakhala mafumu asanu, omwe anali otsimikiza magulu andale. VO Klyuchevskii umapereka dzina - nyengo coups yachifumu. Tebulo mu nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kudziwa kuti akumvetseni bwino mayendedwe a zochitika. Kusintha mphamvu, monga ulamuliro, anadutsa intrigue, kuperekedwa ndi kupha.

Zonsezi zinayamba ndi imfa mwadzidzidzi Peter I. Iye anasiya "hayala cha kulowezana" (1722), lomwe limasonyeza kuti boma angadzitchule ambiri anthu.

Mapeto a lothandiza lamavutoli ankaona kudza kwa ulamuliro Catherine II. ufumu wake, azambiriyakale ambiri amaona nyengo absolutism otsalira.

ANAKULIRA yachifumu coups

Chifukwa chachikulu cha zinthu zonse yapitayi anali kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu wolemekezeka zokhudza motsatizana. Iwo analumikizana chokha chakuti tiyenera kuima afika kusintha lapansi. Chotero yopuma aliyense wa iwo adaona mu njira yake. Komanso, magulu onse mofanana wofunitsitsa olemekezeka ofunitsitsa mphamvu. Choncho nthawi ya kusintha yachifumu, tebulo chomwe chili m'munsimu, zinali zochepa chabe kusintha pamwamba.

Tanena kale kusankha Peter Ine poyerekezera motsatizana ndi. Iye anaswa limagwirira miyambo imene mphamvu anasamutsa kwa mfumu, oimira mkulu wa mzere wamwamuna.

Peter Sindinafune kuona kuti pa mpando pambuyo mwana wake chifukwa chakuti iye anali mdani wa kukonzanso. Choncho anaganiza kuti mfumu yekha akhoza kuyitana obatizidwayo. Komabe, iye anamwalira, kusiya pepala mawu akuti "Perekani zonse ...".

Unyinji analekanitsidwa ndi ndale, omveka sanathe adzagawana mpando wachifumu - State kusesa yolimbirana mphamvu. Anayamba nthawi ya kusintha yachifumu. Matchati, matebulo kulola bwino njanji zikulumikizana magazi pretenders onse ufumu.

Zokhumba 1725 (Catherine A.)

Pa nthawi iyi anapanga magulu awiri otsutsanawa. Woyamba inkakhala A. Osterman ndi Menshikov. Iwo anafuna kusamutsa mphamvu mkazi wamasiye wa Peter ine Catherine Alekseevna.

Gulu lachiwiri, zimene zinaphatikizapo Duke wa Holstein, anafuna kumanga pa mpando wachifumu wa Petro Wachiwiri, (mwana wa Alexis ndi mdzukulu wa Peter I).

Chotsani predominance anali Menshikov, amene anali wokhoza kukwaniritsa Alonda thandizo ndi pampando wachifumu wa Catherine I. Komabe, silinafike akanatha popereka boma, kotero Grand Council atamva analengedwa mu 1726. Iye anakhala boma apamwamba thupi.

Wolamulira leni anali Menshikov. Iye anagonjetsa Council ndipo anasangalala ndi chidaliro malire Mfumukazi. Iye anali mmodzi wa kanjedza ŵa, pamene olamulira a nthawi ya kusintha yachifumu itasinthidwa (Table anafotokoza zonse).

The inalowa a Peter II mu 1727

Catherine Ine ulamuliro inatenga zaka zoposa ziwiri. Atamwalira funso motsatizana kamodzinso Anapachikidwa pa boma.

Panthawi imeneyi, "Holstein gulu" lotsogoleredwa ndi Anna Petrovna. Iwo anakhazikitsa ciwembu Menshikov ndi A. Ostermann, imene inatha anavutika. Mfumu anamuzindikira aang'ono Peter. wakeyo ndi mphunzitsi anakhala A. Osterman. Komabe, iye analephera kupereka chikoka anakhumba pa mfumu, ngakhale akadali zokwanira kukonzekera ndi kusunga kupasula Alexander Menshikov mu 1727.

Ulamuliro Anny Ioannovny 1730

Peter II anakhalabe pa mpando kwa zaka zitatu, ndipo anafa. Kachiwiri, funso waukulu umakhala: "Ndani kutenga mpando wachifumu?". Choncho anapitiriza nyengo ya kusintha yachifumu. Gome m'munsimu limasonyeza zimene zikuchitika.

Pa mwambo m'bwalomo kuoneka Dolgoruky, amene akuyesetsa kulamulira Ekateriny Dolgorukoy. Iye anali mkwatibwi wa Peter II.

pofuna analephera, ndipo Woyesana wake asankha Golitsyn. Zinali Anna Ivanovna. Iye korona zinali pokhapokha imakhala ya zowongolera kwa Supreme atamva Council, amene sanataye koma kukopa kwake.

Ulili okha mphamvu ya mfumu. Posachedwa Mfumukazi akuswa izo walemba zikalata ndi kubwerera ku autocracy. Funso la motsatizana agwirizana pasadakhale. Popeza kuti tikhale ana awo, iye anauza wolandira mtsogolo kwa mwana wa mphwanga ake. Iye podziwa Peter III.

Komabe, ndi 1740 pa Elizabeth ndi nthumwi ya mtundu Welf anabereka mwana John amene anakhala mfumu nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa Anny Ioannovny mu miyezi iwiri. regent wake Biron losadziwika.

1740 kulanda boma ndi Munnich

ulamuliro Regent a masabata awiri. zokhumba The unapangidwa bungwe ndi Field polimbana Munnich. Iye amapereka mwa alonda, amene anamangidwa Biron ndipo anasankha regent Amayi ndi mwana.

Mkazi sanathe kuthamanga boma, ndipo onse m'manja mwawo anatenga Munnich. Patapita wake m'malo A. Osterman. Iye anatumiza munda polimbana kwayekha. Nthawi yachifumu kusintha (Table pansipa) Chili olamulira amenewa.

The inalowa wa Elizabeth kwa 1741

November 25, 1741 zinachitika kulanda boma lina. Iye anadutsa mofulumira ndipo popanda kukhetsa magazi, mphamvu anali m'manja mwa Elizabeti, mwana wamkazi wa Peter I. Iye anawuka kwa mlonda lalifupi kulankhula ndi kudzitcha yokha Mfumukazi. Iye linam'thandizira Chiwerengero izi Vorontsov.

Zaumbanda wakale Mfumu ndi mayi ake anamangidwa pa malo a. Munnich, Ostermann, Levenvolde anaweruzidwira ku imfa, koma m'malo ndi ulalo Siberia.

Akulamulira Elizaveta Petrovna kwa zaka zoposa 20.

Kodi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Peter III

Elizaveta Petrovna m'malo mwa atate wake adamuwona wachibale. Kotero iye anapita ku Holstein mphwake. Iye anapatsidwa dzina la Peter III, iye anatembenukira kwa Orthodoxy. Mfumukazi sanasangalale ndi chikhalidwe cha wolowa m'tsogolo. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, iwo anamufunsa aphunzitsi, koma sizinathandize.

Kwa kubereka ana Elizaveta Petrovna anakwatira iye ku German Mfumukazi Sophia, amene adzakhala Catherine Wamkulu. Iwo anali ndi ana awiri - mwana Paulo ndi mwana wamkazi Anna.

Asanafe, Elizabeti analangiza n'kuika m'malo mwa Paulo. Komabe, iye sanayese n'komwe kutero. Atamwalira wachifumu ankadutsa mphwake. dongosolo Lake linali osatchuka kwambiri onse pakati pa anthu ndi pakati amazikonda anthu otchuka. Pankhaniyi, pambuyo pa imfa ya Elizabeti anali pachangu palibe kuti korona. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha zokhumba ya mkazi wake, Catherine, amene anapachika kuopseza kuleza chilekano (kaŵirikaŵiri ananena mfumu). Iwo yatha nyengo kusintha yachifumu (tebulo amapereka zina zambiri za dzina la ana Mfumukazi).

June 28, 1762. Catherine II Board

Kukhala mkazi wa Peter Fedorovich, Catherine anayamba kuphunzira Chirasha ndi miyambo. Iye mwamsanga kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano. Iwo anamuthandiza kuthawa pambuyo mimba awiri analephera ndi chakuti nthawi yaitali mwana Paulo anatenga nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa. Iye anamuwona iye pambuyo poti masiku 40. Iwo anakulira Elisabeth. Iye kudzakhala mfumukazi. Chotero mwayi iye anali, monga Peter Fedorovich analephera coronation. Elizabeth anapezerapo mwayi pa thandizo la asilikali nagubuduza mwamuna wake. Ambiri mwina, iye anaphedwa, koma Baibulo boma ankatchedwa imfa colic.

ulamuliro wake unatha zaka 34. Iye anakana regent mwana wake nampatsa mpandowachifumu yekha pambuyo pa imfa yake. ulamuliro wake wa nyengo ya absolutism otsalira. More mwachidule onse anapereka tebulo "yachifumu kulanda boma."

mwachidule nkhani

Catherine kudza kwa ulamuliro Chakumapeto kwa nthawi ya zokhumba yachifumu. Tebulo saganizira mafumu, kulamulira pambuyo, ngakhale Paulo anasiya mpando wachifumu chifukwa cha chiwembu a.

Pofuna kumvetsa bwino zimene zikuchitika, ganizirani zochitika ndi anthu amene nawo, kupyolera mwachidule nkhani pa mutu wakuti "Nthawi ya kusintha yachifumu" (mwachidule).

Zamkatimu kusintha yachifumu umafotokoza bwino zochitika zazikulu za nthawi.

Zotsatira za nyengo coups yachifumu

Palace kusintha zinali zochepa zokha kuti kulimbana mphamvu. Iwo sanali onyamula kusintha muzochitika zandale ndiponso. Anthu otchuka adagawira okha ufulu wolamulira, chifukwa cha zaka 37 ndakhala olamulira asanu.

olimba umoyo ndi zachuma anali wolumikizana ndi Catherine Elizabeth Ine ndi II. Adakhoza kukwaniritsa ena bwino mfundo yachilendo ya boma.