Chirasha Persian nkhondo ya 1826-1828.

Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, ndi Russian Ufumu Persia anali kukangana kukopa mu Caucasus ndi Caspian nyanja. Pakati mphamvu awiriwa m'mayiko monga Georgia, Armenia ndi Dagestan kuthetsedwa. Mu 1804 ndinayamba woyamba Chirasha Persian nkhondo. Iwo unatha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Kuchokera pa zotsatira zake, iikidwa mu mapangano mtendere Gulistan, Russia anagwirizana kuti mayiko ake Chijojiya pang'ono Chiameniya.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Aperisiya sankasangalala. Dziko yafala revanchist maganizo. Shah anafuna kupeza m'chigawo anataya. Chifukwa cha nkhondo imeneyi wosadzayanjanika zinthu anayamba Chirasha Persian nkhondo (1826-1828). Zimayambitsa nkhondo ndi mavuto dera mwaisandutsa mosalephera.

The zinthu zamtendere

Kukonzekera nkhondo yatsopano inayamba mu Persia, pomwepo atagonjetsedwa mu 1813. Choyamba Fath-Ali Shah Qajar anayesa tipezekemo thandizo la mphamvu European. Zisanachitike, iye anadalira Napoleon Bonaparte, amene anachita mgwirizano ndi Aperisiya madzulo a kuukira Russia mu 1812. Mawu chinanena mu mgwirizano Finkeshteynskom.

Koma kuchokera pamenepo, zinthu dziko wasintha kwambiri. The Napoleonic Nkhondo itatha mu kugonjetsedwa kwa France ndi wofuna Mfumu, amene anali mu ndende pa St. Helena. Shah anafunika angakuthandizeni latsopano. Asanayambe Chirasha Persian nkhondo ya 1826-1828., Chidwi Persia anayamba kupereka UK.

Mu mphamvu imeneyi atsamunda anali zofuna zake zokha m'dera Asian. Ufumu wokwatibwa ndi India, ndi kazembe British yotentha ndi malonjezo aku Iran musalole chilichonse za adani a dziko lino mu London. Pa nthawi yomweyo mkangano kunabuka pakati pa Perisiya ndi Turkey. peacekeepers British achita mbali mu zokambirana ndi Ottoman pofuna kukakamiza Shah nkhondo ndi mnzawo wina - Russia.

Madzulo a nkhondo

Panthawi imeneyi, wachiwiri mwana wa Fath Ali Shah Abbas Mirza anapangidwa mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo la Perisiya. Iye anapatsidwa kukonza asilikali mavuto atsopano ndi kuchita kukonza zonse zofunikira. Army wamakono inatheka ndi UK. Asilikali kulandira zida zatsopano ndi yunifolomu, mwina anagula mu Europe. Choncho Abbas Mirza anayesa kuthetsa backwardness luso atumiki ochokera m'madera Russian. Pamalo abwino zinali sitepe mu njira yolondola, koma likulu kusintha ake aku Iran kwambiri mwamsanga, kuyesera kuti asataye nthawi. Izi zatenganso nthabwala wankhanza. Pamene Chirasha Persian nkhondo, amene ankachita nawo nkhondo yotsiriza, mwina zindikirani kusintha msasa wa adani. Koma iwo sanali zokwanira kuthetsa kusiyana kuti anali pakati pa makamu a Nicholas Ine ndi Shah.

Mu 1825, militarists aku Iran analandira uthenga kuti Russian Mfumu Alexander I atamwalira mu Taganrog. lake lonyamuka kuchoka pa moyo zinachititsa kuti lalifupi dynastic mavuto ndi (Chofunika) kupanduka wa Decembrists. Alexander analibe ana, ndi mpando wachifumu anali kusamukira ku m'bale lotsatira, Constantine. Iye anakana, ndipo kenako anayamba kulamulira Nicholas, amene sanayambe wokonzedwera kwa izi. Ndi maphunziro anali msilikali. Decembrist kugalukira anamutengera ku wokwiya kwambiri. Pamene ankafuna kulanda boma analephera, mu St. Petersburg, anayamba mayesero yaitali.

Izo zinali mu masiku a alangizi latsopano la mfumu inayamba kukauza mfumu kuti mnansi kum'mwera poyera akukonzekera ntchito nkhondo. Mkulu Wolamulira wa Caucasus anali wotchuka General Aleksey Ermolov. Zakale Chirasha Persian nkhondo zinachitika maso ake, ndipo iye ngati wina aliyense, ankadziwa za kuopsa nkhondo latsopano. Ndi ambiri ichi zambiri anafanana Nicholas za chiyembekezo cha a Caucasus.

Mfumu anayankha m'malo aulesi, koma anavomera kutumiza ku Tehran Prince Alexander Menshikov. Nduna tsogolo la Navy sanali kupeza chinenero oimira Perisiya. Mfumu anapereka mlandu malangizo ake, malinga ndi zimene iye anali wokonzeka kusiya mbali ya adatsutsana Talysh Khanate kuwombola anthu kuthetsa mtendere wa mkangano. Komabe Tehran sanamvere maganizo awa. Menshikov ngakhale kumangidwa, pamodzi ndi akazembe onse, ngakhale kale linatuluka mu 1827.

Persian alowererepo

Kulephera kwa zokambirana isanafike kwachititsa chakuti nkhondo Chirasha Persian koma atayamba. July 16, 1826 asilikali aku Iran anawoloka malire a m'dera la Azerbaijan ano, kumene kunali Talysh ndi Karabakh khanate. ntchito chidachitika mobisa ndi zachinyengo, palibe kulengeza boma wakhala palibe nkhondo.

M'malire anali asilikali kumbuyo yekha anasonkhana mwachangu ndi ongokhala Azerbaijanis m'deralo. Iwo sakanakhoza kupereka kukana lalikulu anawakonzera gulu lankhondo la Perisiya. Anthu ena amene amachita Islam, ngakhale limodzi ndi adani. Malinga ndi madongosolo, Abbas Mirza, gulu lankhondo la Perisiya anali kusamukira kumpoto pamodzi mchigwa cha ku Kura Mtsinje. Cholinga ankaona likulu akuzigawo Tiflis. Choncho, asilikali a Russia anali ndi kuti ukaponyedwe tsidya lina la Terek.

The nkhondo m'dera Caucasus wakhala nthawizonse anali ochepa mbali mwatsatanetsatane zokhudzana ndi yofunika. Pitani ku lokwera m'dziko zinali zotheka chifukwa mipita ena. Kumachita mu Caucasus, Aperisi anatumiza asilikali wothandiza kumpoto, poganiza kuti asalalikire njira yonse ku Russian asilikali chachikulu.

Nkhondo Karabakh

Gulu yaikulu utsogoleri mwachindunji Abbas Mirza owerengedwa asilikali 40,000. asilikali anawoloka malire mtsinje Araks ulendo wopita ku linga la Shushi. Madzulo a lamulo Persian anayesa tipezekemo thandizo la khans m'deralo, amene anali atsogoleri a Azerbaijanis ankakhala mu Mzinda. Ena a iwo kwenikweni analonjeza Abbas Mirza thandizo.

Mu Shusha kuchuluka Chiameniya a anthu Orthodox, amene, mosiyana, wakhala okhulupirika kwa boma la Russia. Mudzi wa linga wa inkakhala ndi detachment wa Cossacks. Anazinga anaganiza akapolo a khans Muslim, amene amaganiziridwa woukira boma ndi mgwirizano ndi Aperisiya. Iwo anayamba mwamsanga kuphunzitsa asilikali, imene inali makamaka a ku Armenia. Ngakhale kanthu wolimba wa Cossacks, Shusha analibe chilichonse monga chakudya chachikulu chakudya ndi zida zofunikira kwa chitetezo bwino kuukira kapena wazingidwa.

Pa nthawi iyi, Karabakh Khan, anakhala m'manja mwa Russia pambuyo pa nkhondo ya 1804-1813. Analengeza thandizo la ankhondowo Persian. Abbas Mirza nayenso, analonjeza zothandizira mipingo yawo pa Asilamu wamba. Iye analengeza kuti nkhondoyo yekha ndi Russian poganiza kuti chingawathandize kuti anthu ayambe kuphunzira za mbali yawo.

Kuzinga Shusha

The watsopano Chirasha Persian nkhondo inayamba ndi kulanda mzinda wa Shusha linga. Nkhondo ndi zokometsera munalekanitsidwa kulimbitsa mpanda. Kuchotsa chopinga ichi, Aperisi anagona mabomba, analandira kuyamika chithandizo European. Komanso, Abbas Mirza analamula lamanja pansi makoma a ochepa fanizo chidule cha Karabakh ku Armenia, poganiza kuti mwachita mwamantha makani Chiameniya ndi Russian, ensconced mu malo otetezedwa bwino. Izo sizinachitike.

Gulu lankhondo la Perisiya anazinga Shusha masabata asanu ndi awiri. kuchedwa kumeneku kunasintha kwambiri zochita za nkhondo. The Iranians asankha kugawanitsa asilikali ndi kutumiza 18000th detachment kwa Elisavetpolya (Ganja). Abbas Mirza ankaganiza kuti mchitidwe uwu kumulola kupita Tiflis kuchokera kummawa, izo zikanakhala anadabwa kwambiri ndi Cossacks.

Shamkhor nkhondo

In-Chief a magulu Russian mu Caucasus General Yermolov m'chiyambi cha nkhondo anali ku Tbilisi, adasonkhanitsa maalumali. chikonzero chake choyamba chinali mwamsanga abwerere kwa akuya m'deralo kuti akope Aperisiya kuchoka m'dera yake. Kale mu malo atsopano Cossacks adzakhala ndi mwayi osiyana asilikali Shah a.

Komabe, nthawi imene gulu la asilikali 8 zikwi anasonkhana Tbilisi, zinadziwika kuti ankhondowo anali munakhala kwa nthawi yaitali pansi makoma a Shushi. Choncho, zonse mwadzidzidzi, anayamba Chirasha Persian nkhondo. 1826 anali pachimake, ndi Yermolov anaganiza kuti akanthe mmbuyo nyengo yozizira. Army kutsogoleredwa ndi Major General Madatova anatumizidwa kwa Elisavetpolya kusiya mdani ndi kutukula kuzinga Shusha.

Gulu ili anakumana ndi pasadakhale alonda mdani pafupi ndi mudzi wa Shamkir. Nkhondo sikunathe mu historiography umatchedwa Shamkhor nkhondo. Zinali iye amene mukopedwe zotsatira za Chirasha Persian nkhondo ya 1826-1828. Nthawi iyi Iranians anaukira, pafupifupi popanda kukumana wotsutsa aliyense bungwe. Tsopano iwo anali kukumana kwenikweni Russian asilikali.

Ndi nthawi Madatov anaonekera Azerbaijan, Aperisi kale woterowu Elisavetpol. Kugumula mumzinda wozingidwa ndi nkhondo, asilikali Russian anafunika kuswa vanguard mdani. September 3 Pankhondo imeneyi, Aperisi anataya anapha anthu 2000, pamene Madatov anataya asilikali 27. Chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa mu Battle Shamkhor Abbas Mirza anali atamva kuzinga Shusha ndi kupitiriza maalumali ndalama anaima Elisavetpolem.

The athamangitsidwe a Aperisiya ku Russia

Valerian Madatov analamula anthu 6 okha zikwi. Iwo anali bwino sikokwanira kuyendetsa Aperisiya ku Yelizavetpol. Choncho, pambuyo kuwina padziko Shamkhor, iye anachita machenjerero pang'ono, imene anagwirizana ndi reinforcements atsopano anachokera Tiflis. msonkhano zinachitika pa September 10. regiments latsopano analamula Ivan Paskevich. Iye anatenga lamulo la asilikali lonse, akuguba kumasula Elizavetpol.

September 13, asilikali a Russia anali pafupi ndi mzindawo. Panalinso Aperisiya. maphwando anayamba kukonzekera nkhondo zoopsa. Iwo anayamba ndi shelling kwambiri. Nthawi yoyamba Persian oyenda bogged pansi chifukwa chakuti maalumali anathamangira ku chigwa ndipo atsekerezedwa, anabwera pansi moto mdani.

Mu nagonjetsa la asilikali Russian ankaimba zikuluzikulu udindo Kherson Regiment, amene anali wotsogozedwa mwachindunji Paskevich. Iranians sangathe kapena zida zankhondo kapena apakavalo anayesa kuukira Chijojiya asilikali pambali. Chirasha Persian nkhondo, zimayambitsa ndilo chilakolako cha Shah kuukira mnansi wake, zasonyeza kamodzinso monga kum'mawa kalembedwe asilikali anali osamveka ndi asilikali Russian, wophunzitsidwa mu unsembe European. Counterattack mbali Paskevich kwachititsa chakuti Iranians poyamba anali kuloŵa m'malo awo oyambirira, ndi madzulo, ndipo zonse zapita iwo.

Losses osiyana maphwando kachiwiri zodabwitsa akanagwiritsa. General Paskevich awerengedwa 46 kuphedwa ndi mazana awiri ndiwobvulazidwa. The Iranians, anthu zikwi ziwiri anaphedwa. Pafupifupi nambalayi wa asilikali anagonja. Komanso, Russian anapita kwa mdani zida zankhondo ndi mbendera. Chigonjetso pa Elisavetpolem zinachititsa kuti ndi zinasintha. Tsopano Russia waganiza kodi Chirasha Persian nkhondo. Zotsatira za nkhondo analengeza ku dziko lonse ndi monga mphatso kwa mfumu yatsopano, amene ankayenera kukatsimikizira poyera yamtunduwu awo monga mtsogoleri.

kampeni 1827

kupambana Paskevich ayesedwa. Anaikidwa kazembe wa mfumu ndi kazembe wa Caucasus. Ndi October, asilikali aku Iran anathamangitsidwa kumbuyo pa Araks malire mtsinje. Choncho linakhalanso ndi zokhazikika. Anyankhondo anakhala yozizira, ndi kutsogolo, anakhazikitsa tizigona zosakhalitsa. Komabe, magulu onse anazindikira kuti si pa Chirasha Persian nkhondo (1826-1828). Mwachidule, Nicholas anaganiza kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino asilikali osati kuchotsa ankhondowo, koma kutsiriza inalowa Orthodox Armenia, limene mbali akadali a Shah.

Cholinga cha Paskevich unali mzinda wa Erivan (Yerevan) ndi Erivan khanate, m'manja wakale Iran. The nkhondo inayamba mu kasupe mochedwa. M'chaka cha asilikali Russian anagonja yofunika linga Sardar-Abad. Mpaka August asilikali a mfumu amene sanaonepo kukana kwambiri. nthawi yonseyi, Abbas Mirza anali kunyumba, kutola maalumali latsopano.

Oshakanskaya nkhondo

Kumayambiriro August, wolowa Persian 25-zikwi asilikali analowa khanate Erivan. asilikali ake nkhondo ndi mzinda wa Echmiadzin, amene anali kokha yaing'ono Cossack asilikali, komanso Mkhristu wakale zokhalamo obisika. The linga anayenera opulumutsa, otsogozedwa ndi mkulu General Athanasios Krasovsky.

August 17 ochepa asilikali Russian mu 3000 munthu anaukira ndi asilikali 30 amphamvu a Abbas Mirza. Icho chinali chimodzi cha zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, amene amadziwika ndi Chirasha Persian nkhondo. Tsiku Oshakanskoy nkhondo (monga amadziwika historiography) chinachitikira pamodzi anakhazikitsa Caucasus kutentha mumamva, mazunzidwe womwewo wa asilikali onse.

Cholinga Krasovsky detachment anali kugumula kwa mzinda anazinga kudzera m'gulu wandiweyani la mdani. Russian ikuchitika ndi katundu zambiri komanso Mfundo zoyenela asilikali a. njira anafunika anayakira bayonets, chifukwa panalibe njira, kumene kudzakhala Aperisiya. Kusunga kuukira mdani, zida zankhondo asonkhanitsidwa Krasovsky, umene kuyambira chiyambi cha ntchito waona pamalo abwino yabwino kutalika chipolopolo. mfuti kuwombera sanalole Aperisiya kuukira Russian ndi mphamvu zake zonse, zimene kumaonekera chifukwa cha nkhondo.

Chifukwa, detachment Krasowski anatha kuthyola Echmiadzin, ngakhale kuti msilikali aliyense atenge ena a asilikali anaphedwa, repulsing ndi matenda Asilamu. Kulephera wakhala amphamvu anamufoolera Yobu zotsatira pa utsogoleri onse Persian. Abbas Mirza nthawi zina anali akuyeserabe kukazungulira mzinda, koma posakhalitsa anabwerera mwanzeru.

Mphamvu yaikulu ya ufumu motsogozedwa Paskevich panthawi imeneyo anali kukonza kugonjetsa Azerbaijan ndi kupita Tabriz. Koma mochedwa August, mkulu analandira uthenga wa zochitika Echmiadzin, chifukwa cha zomwe anapita ku gawo lina la Chirasha Persian nkhondo (1826-1828). Zifukwa Paskevich anatumiza detachment yaing'ono kumadzulo, anali yosavuta - ankakhulupirira kuti Abbas Mirza ndi mu dera zosiyana. Pozindikira kuti waukulu aku Iran asilikali waima lake kumbuyo-akulu anakana kuti aziyenda ndi Tabriz ndipo anasamukira ku chitsogozo cha Erivan khanate.

kutenga Yerevan

September 7 Paskevich ndi Krasovsky anakumana mu Etchmiadzin, amene madzulo a azingidwa adapachikidwa. Pa msonkhanopo anaganiza kuti atenge Chiameniya Erivan. Ngati asilikali anatha analanda mzinda, kuti zatha Chirasha Persian nkhondo. 1828 anali kuyandikira, kotero Paskevich yomweyo kugunda msewu, poganizira kuti amalize ntchito pamaso yozizira.

Chirasha Persian nkhondo zaka kumene kunachitika mu nthawi ya kugwedezekagwedezeka mu boma Russian Komabe, zasonyeza kuti, ngakhale zonse, asilikali achifumu angathetse mavuto ntchito mu zinthu kwambiri wovuta. Nicholas Ine, osati popanda chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti m'pofunika kukhazikitsa protectorate pa lonse la Armenia. Anthu zakwawoko a dziko anali Orthodox Akhristu ndipo kwa zaka anadwala ulamuliro Muslim.

Zoyesayesa loyamba la Armenia kuti kukumana ndi St. Petersburg zinachitika mwamsanga mu ulamuliro wa Peter I. Inali nthawi kuti asilikali Russian anamasula chigawo ndi chigawo mu South Caucasus. Paskevich, pokhala kum'mawa Armenia, anali moni ndi kutengeka ndi anthu am'deralo. Amuna ambiri agwirizana ndi ambiri ngati asilikali.

Chirasha Persian 1828 anakhala mwayi kuti Armenia kamodzinso kuyamba kakhala kudziko Mkhristu. Zinali ambiri a iwo, ndipo Erivan. Pozindikira zimenezi, mkulu wa Perisiya linga anatumiza anthu a ku otchuka mabanja Chiameniya, amene zingam'pangitse nzika kuukira. Komabe, kusamala kuti si anathandiza Iranians. mzinda anagwidwa ndi asilikali Russian wa October 1, 1827 pambuyo namondwe mwachidule.

zokambirana

kulikulu mu masabata awiri pambuyo nkhondoyo, inali kudziŵika kuti ena asilikali achifumu analanda Tabriz. asilikali analamula George Eristov anatumiza Paskevich timafika pamene pambuyo mtsogoleri kumanzere akulu Erevan. Kupambana kumeneku anali womaliza kutsogolo-mzere chochitika, amene amadziwika Chirasha Persian nkhondo (1826-1828). Mgwirizanowu mtendere kunali koyenera kwa shah. asilikali ake anagonja pankhondo onse oonekera. Komanso, tsopano regiments achifumu wotanganidwa mbali ya m'gawo lake.

Choncho, isanayambike yozizira, m'mayiko awiriwa anayamba kusinthitsa oimira ndi osayanjanitsika. Ankasonkhana Turkmanchay - m'mudzi wina waung'ono pafupi ndi analanda Tabriz. Mapangano Mukalowa mu malo awa February 10, 1828, anafotokoza Chirasha Persian nkhondo (1826-1828). Pakuti Russia akupeza onse anazindikira, kuti asilikali achifumu wachita nkhondo yapita. Komanso, korona wachifumu ali kugula latsopano malo. Zinali kum'mawa Armenia ndi mzinda waukulu wa Yerevan ndi Nakhchivan Khanate. The Iranians anavomera kulipira indemnity lalikulu (rubles miliyoni 20 Siliva). iwonso anaonetsetsa ake sanali kulowelela mu Orthodox Armenia resettlement ndondomeko kwawo.

Mapeto a nkhondo

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti membala wa akazembe lachifumu nthumwi ndi wolemba Alexander Griboyedov. Iye anatenga gawo mu zokambirana za mikhalidwe imene inatha Chirasha Persian nkhondo (1826-1828). Mwachidule, panganoli sankasangalala ndi Iranians. Patapita miyezi ingapo anayamba latsopano Chirasha Turkey nkhondo, Aperisi anafuna zimaipitsa zinthu za dziko.

Pofuna kuthetsa mkangano, Tehran anatumiza ofesiyo, yomwe natsogozedwa Griboyedov. Mu 1829, anatumidwa adaphedwa ndi otentheka Chisilamu. Aphedwa ambiri oimira. Shah anatumiza mphatso St. Petersburg kulemera yom'pepesera kwa kumuyalutsa lapansi. Nicholas sanapite kwa mikangano, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo anansi anali ndi mtendere yaitali.

thupi Griboyedov a ziwalo anaikidwa Tbilisi. Ili kumene kumasulidwa ku Iranians Yerevan, choyamba anawafunsa pa siteji kusewera wotchuka kwambiri "Tsoka kwa nzeru". Choncho inatha kuti nkhondo Chirasha Persian. Mgwirizanowu mtendere walola kuti alenge zigawo zingapo zatsopano, ndipo kuyambira ndi South Caucasus anali mbali ya Ufumu mpaka kugwa kwa Mafumu.