Atadzipaka mmilomo kusintha - ulendo woyamba kulenga m'dera wodzilamulira mu Russia

Wamba chiwembu mu 1547 poyera kufunika kuphatikiza a kalasi ulamuliro ziziyenda zinthu pa dziko. Ndi kubera anthu atsopano boma Ivana Groznogo anaonekera bwalo, wotchedwa anasankha Rada. nthumwi zake: AF Adashev, wansembe Sylvester ndi Metropolitan Macarius - anasangalala kwambiri zochita pa Ivana Groznogo, zimene zinawathandiza kukhala wothandizira a kusintha mu dongosolo la BOMA.

nkhani zakale

Exacerbation nkhondo chikhalidwe pakati pa magulu apamwamba m'munsi nthawi m'kukoma kukula ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zipolowe ndiponso kunyanyala. Kupondereza iwo zimatheka ngati kwathunthu kapena pang'ono chotsani zimene nkhawa atumwiwo. Choncho, mlomo wakhala kusintha mu XVI atumwi, amene anadutsa ena a ntchito za maguluwo ndi owayimilira volosteley positi watsopano - pantchito. Osankhidwa iwo, anaganiza kuchokera ana boyars, ndi kuthandiza perekani wamba wolemera, amene analanda ambirimbiri waukulu "othandizira" polimbana ndi kupanda chilungamo chikhalidwe. Atadzipaka mmilomo kusintha analola makalasi kulamulira ntchito akuluakulu kumene analenga kupondereza wamba ndi malankhulidwe wokakamiza.

zaluso

Ivan Grozny anakwera mpandowachifumu pa zaka zitatu, kotero zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wake anali kugwirizana ndi kulimbana kwa magulu osiyanasiyana boyar kukopa pa achinyamata Grand Duke. Mu 1538 kusintha unayambitsidwa atadzipaka mmilomo. Iwo anauzidwa ndi akazembe kuti kupewedwa Glinski. Pa gawo la zigawo kulengedwa chigawo, kutsogozedwa ndi akulu. Pamodzi ndi osankhidwa yabwino alimi Sotk desyatskimi ndi kumenya nkhondo ndi kuba ndi kuba, akudzizindikiritsa "anthu oipa". Atadzipaka mmilomo kusintha mphamvu akulu kuchita kufufuza ndi zigawenga amadziŵika, koma kwenikweni - basi kulanga oipa. Pambuyo kugalukira ku Moscow ndi Glinsky pa bwalo amayamba boma latsopano. Mu 1549 mfumu amalankhula kwa anthu olemekezeka likulu ndi mabishopu otsutsiratu zachinyengo za akuluakulu a boma, abwanamkubwa, komanso analimbana ndi zimene atadzipaka mmilomo kusintha Ivana Groznogo. Msonkhano uno unali msonkhano woyamba wa ku Zemsky Sobor chinali chiyambi cha kusintha latsopano nchito.

Njira ya kusinthika

Kale mu 1540s atadzipaka mmilomo kusintha wakhala akuyendera m'madera ambiri a Russia, ndi zikalata choyamba mu 1539. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Moscow anakhazikitsa dongosolo wopanda khalidwe, amene anali nawo pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito za matupi atsopano. Mu theka lachiwiri la XVI ndi Russian wobwezera ufumu malo-nthumwi, amene amapereka kutsogolera mopitirira za chitukuko cha ziwalo labial ndi kuwapanga iwo ngati oyambirira Akhristu masiku ano boma. Choncho, mlomo kusintha Ivana Groznogo anapereka chitsanzo chabwino kwa kuwonjezeka zina mphamvu za utsogoleri wa chigawocho, amene anathandiza kukonzanso wamba. amasankhidwa meya adzakhala pafupi anzake wolamulira wa zaka zana.

Atadzipaka mmilomo ndi Zemstvo kusintha - tawerenga kupitiriza akutulukira kusintha chikhalidwe. Anasankha m'dera olemekezeka akulu (zambiri akale servitors) ndi bwino kudziwa miyambo ndi zofuna za chigawo chake, kotero ife tikhoza bwino kusamalira m'mayiko apatsidwa.