Josef Kramer - "belzensky chirombo." Wambiri m'ndende ntchito ndi zithunzi

M'nkhaniyi, tiona kuti, amene manja apha anthu masauzande aliyense wosalakwa mpaka pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Ichi ndi Josef Kramer, ndi commandant a msasa ndende ya Bergen-Belsen, kumene akaidi mkwiyo wake dzina "belzensky chirombo." Komanso, iye mwini udindo imfa ya ambiri, mwinanso masauzande anthu.

Wambiri Cramer

Joseph anabadwa pa November 10, 1906 pafupi Munich, Bavaria, Weimar Republic. Kale mu 1931, pamene 25 wazaka munthu, Kramer akulowa NSDAP (Nazi Party). Mahatchi German, mu 1932 akalowako iye ngakhale mu kagulu ka SS, kenako ukugwira ntchito mwa asilikali olondera ndende, kenako, pamene lachiwiri World nkhondo, anakhala zinyama ndi mtsogoleri m'misasa yachibalo yosiyanasiyana.

Nkofunika kudziwa chakuti mwanayo anakulira pa zolinga za mitundu Choncho, mfundo, mawu ena osati mwa mawu a ubwenzi wake kwa anthu. Ndipo ngakhale popanda maphunziro apadera, Josef Kramer anatumikira mu Hitler Chinsinsi Service. Kwa zaka 11 iye wapanga pantchito yabwino, m'malo ambiri zozunzirako:

• 1934 - Dachau;
• 1934-1936 - Esterwegen;
• 1936-1937 - Dachau;
• 1937-1939 - Mauthausen;
• 1940 - Auschwitz;
• 1940-1944 - Natzweiler-Struthof;
• 1944 - Auschwitz;
• 1944-1945 - Bergen-Belsen.

Izo zinali mu msasa ndende ya Bergen-Belsen, yomwe inali wamakono Saxony, Kramer ndi khumi angapo a "anzake" kuti anamangidwa 21-Army Gulu la anagwirizana mphamvu Britain ndi Canada. "Belzenskomu chirombo" wapatsidwa milandu nkhondo, zimene British bwalo asilikali analamula kuti imfa. Ndondomeko unachitikira pa 17 November 1945. Kramer anapachikidwa pakati pa December 1945 m'ndende Hamelin.

Josef Kramer: kuwuka kwa "ntchito" makwerero

Kramer bwino kwambiri zimatheka mkubwela kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Zinali ankhanza, anatsimikiza mtima wanzeru ndi nkhanza woyang'anira amene sanalekerere aliyense. Hitler Asilikali ake lalikulu ankafuna antchito zoterezi. Iyeyo analimbikitsa amachita Kramer ndipo anayesera mwakukhoza kwake kuti ndiwathokoze woyang'anira achinyamata mokhulupirika. Izi zachitika ndi zonse zodabwitsa chifukwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kuti Hitler lipoti la "akhakula" ntchito Cramer. Joseph azungu sanaope kuwerengetsa mphamvu, si mantha kupha munthu mwangozi kumana Ayuda a moyo iye anali mofanana mbama ntchentche.

Mu lirilonse la zozunzirako asanu, pamene iye anapita, Josef Kramer wasiya chizindikiro chake. Ndi kwa nkhanza wake ndipo iye kuwonjezeka akutiakuti. Choyamba ku Sachsenhausen ndi Mauthausen, ndipo kenako Auschwitz.

Auschwitz ndi kulanda wotsatira ku Bergen-Belsen

Mu 1940, Kramer kunditumiza ku ndende msasa ndi imfa msasa Auschwitz-Birkenau. About chaka iye anagwira ntchito kumeneko pansi woyang'anira Rudolfa Gessa - ndi commandant m'deralo. Pandzidzi ungono Zuze yekha anatenga udindo wofanana Notsveyler-Shtrutgof. kuwonjezeka Zimenezi zachititsa kwambiri mwankhanza, ngati momwe anavutikira wamphamvu. Ngakhale manja ake anthu osachepera 80 anaphedwa. Osati kupha, ndi nkhanza. Mwina, chithunzi ichi ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Josef Kramer ( "belzensky chirombo") mwa munthu kuyang'anira zipinda zonse mpweya wa imfa ndi kuzunza zipinda. Kuti amaseka anthu anali chibwana amakonda.

Pambuyo kusamukira Bergen-Belsen Kramer analamula akaidi komanso asilikali. Pa zisungidwe miyala ya zithunzi zambiri onani Joseph pafupi ndi tsitsi mtsikana. Izi Irma Greze, amene pa nthawi ya utumiki mu m'ndendeyo anali ndi zaka 20 zokha. Iye akutchedwa mabuku ambiri ndi m'misasa olondera ndende, kuphatikizapo yekha Kramer. N'zovuta kudziyerekezera mbwenye ntsikana akhadafa mwina chimodzimodzi nkhanza kuposa "chirombo belzensky." Mwina n'chifukwa chake iwo atagwirizana? akaidi akazi iye "mngelo wa imfa," iye akanakhoza maola atsikana wotonza, kupondereza iwo thanzi ndiponso khalidwe.

khalidwe

Kramer Yozef (Commandant wa m'ndendeyo) ndi zinapatsira ndi lingaliro la dziko ndi kudana ndi mitundu ina kuti iye anali zosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi akaidi. Zinali wamphamvu, wankhanza komanso wankhanza amene mwakachetechete, popanda batting ndi chikope, akhoza kumana moyo wa mwana, mayi woyembekezera kapena mzimayi wina wokalamba, osanenapo amuna. Iye anali ndi malingaliro zosaneneka ndi mosavuta kuyambitsa nthawi njira zotsatirazi zambiri kuzunzidwa. Ndipo iye anali ozizira ndi mopanda mantha mdani, kuti chete moni anagwirizana asilikali pakati pa mapiri a mitembo ya akaidi.

Mmangeni Kramer ndi owayang'anila ena

Mu 1945, kugwirizana Anglo-Canada ukufika kundende Bergen-Belsen. Monga zalembedwa pamwambapa, Josef Kramer (onani chithunzi m'munsimu) anakumana ndi "alendo", pamene ena anabalalika. Ndiyeno n'kumangidwa 44 zinyama. Mu November, pa iwo choperekedwa chilungamo, ndi 13 December, ambiri a akaidi a anapachikidwa ku zipinda za ndende za Hamelin. Koma panali ena alonda amene analandira okha angapo m'ndende zaka anatumikira nthawi, kenako ndi chete moyo anatuluka m'tchire.

Josef Kramer: blog,

Anthu ambiri amayesera kupeza timva munthu "belzenskogo chirombo." Komabe, kuli tsikulo ndi palibe uthenga. Nthawi zambiri, zolemba anali ambiri akapitawo a asilikali ndi ena "antchito" a zozunzirako, monga Dzina Kramer - Josef Mengele. Iye anali dokotala ku Auschwitz, anali wotchuka ndi kukhala zatsopano imachitika pa akaidi. Koma Kramer, zikuoneka, sanafune kusiya umboni zopelekedwa zochita zawo wodyerana.