Mfuti ya anti-tank PTRS (Simonov): makhalidwe, zizindikiro

Mfuti ya anti-tank PTRS (Simonov) inavomerezedwa m'chilimwe cha 1941. Chinali cholinga choukira makasitomala ndi zowonongeka, ndege, komanso magalimoto okhwima pamtunda wa mamita 500. Kuwonjezera apo, zinathekera kulimbana ndi DOTs, bunkers ndi adani adani mfundo, ataphimbidwa ndi zida, kuchokera mtunda wa mamita 800 kuchokera mfuti. Mfutiyo inathandiza kwambiri pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi ntchito yake, komanso zida zamakono ndi zamakono.

Mbiri yakale

Mfuti za anti-tank (PTR) zimatchedwa zida zogwira ntchito zomwe zimatha kukana magalimoto ankhondo. Komanso, PTR imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mipanda ndi mipweya yochepa. Chifukwa cha cartridge yamphamvu ndi thunthu lalitali, mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri ya bullet imapezeka, yomwe imalola kugunda zidazo. Ma PTR a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse adatha kuloŵa zida mpaka 30mm wandiweyani ndipo anali njira zothandiza zogonjetsera matanki. Zitsanzo zina zinali zazikulu ndipo zinalidi zida zazing'ono.

Ku Germania maonekedwe oyambirira a PTR anaonekera kale kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Chifukwa chopanda ntchito, iwo amalipiritsa kuti apite patsogolo, amatha kupeza ndalama zokwera mtengo komanso mtengo wotsika. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse inali ya PTR nthawi yeniyeni ya nyenyezi, chifukwa mwamtheradi onse ochita nawo nkhondoyi amagwiritsira ntchito chida ichi.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse inali nkhondo yoyamba yaikulu m'mbiri ya anthu, yomwe ingakhale yabwino kwambiri yofotokozedwa ngati "nkhondo ya magalimoto". Magombe ndi mitundu ina ya magalimoto ankhondo anakhala maziko a mphamvu yogonjera. Anali mphero yamatabwa yomwe inayamba kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ya "Blitzkrieg" ya Nazi ikhazikitsidwe.

Pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, asilikali a Soviet anali akufunikira kwambiri njira zothana ndi magalimoto ankhondo. Ankafunika njira zophweka komanso zosasinthika, zomwe zimatha kukana makina olemera. Iyi inali mfuti ya anti-tank. Mu 1941, mitundu iwiri ya zida zoterezi zinayamba kugwira ntchito: Mfuti ya Degtyarev ndi mfuti ya Simonov. Ndi PTRD, anthu ambiri amadziwa bwino kwambiri. Tom wapereka nawo mafilimu ndi mabuku. Koma PTRS-41 ikuipiraipira, ndipo siinapangidwe mu mabuku ambiri. Komabe, sikungakhale kulakwa kunyalanyaza mfuti imeneyi.

Kuyesera koyamba koyambitsa MOT

Ku Soviet Union, kulengedwa kwa mfuti ya anti-tank kugwira ntchito kuyambira zaka 40 zapitazo. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha PTR, makina amphamvu okhala ndi 14.5 mm anapangidwa. Mu 1939, zitsanzo zingapo za PTR zinayesedwa kamodzi kuchokera kwa akatswiri a Soviet. Mfuti ya anti-tank ya njira ya Rukavishnikov inapambana mpikisano, koma kupanga kwake sikungakhazikitsidwe. Utsogoleri wa asilikali a Soviet ankakhulupirira kuti m'tsogolo galimoto zombo zidzatetezedwa ndi zida zosachepera 50 mm, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsutsana ndi tank sizingakhale zomveka.

Kukula kwa PTNS

Lingaliro la utsogoleri linakhala lolakwika kwambiri: magalimoto amtundu uliwonse omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito Wehrmacht kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo akhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi mfuti za anti-tank, ngakhale pamene akuwombera kutsogolo. Pa July 8, 1941, utsogoleri wa usilikali unasankha kukhazikitsa ntchito yatsopano ya PTR. Chitsanzo cha Rukavishnikov chinazindikiritsidwa kuti chinali chovuta komanso chokwera kwambiri pazochitika za nthawi imeneyo. Mpikisano watsopano unalengezedwa kuti apange MFA yoyenera, yomwe akatswiri awiri adachita nawo: Vasily Degtyarev ndi Sergei Simonov. Patapita masiku makumi awiri ndi awiri (22), ojambulawo adapanga mfuti zawo. Stalin ankakonda zitsanzo zonsezi, ndipo posakhalitsa anaikidwa mu mndandanda.

Ntchito

Mu October 1941, mfuti ya PTRS (Simonov) yotsutsa tank inayamba kufika kwa asilikali. Pazogwiritsiridwa ntchito koyambirira, zinasonyeza kuti zimakhala bwino kwambiri. Mu 1941, chipani cha Nazi chinalibe magalimoto otetezeka omwe sankatha moto wa mfuti ya Simonov. Chida chinali chophweka kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo sichidafunikire maphunziro apamwamba kwa womenya nkhondo. Zipangizo zooneka bwino zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zinapangitsa kuti amenyane ndi mdani molimba mtima pazifukwa zovuta kwambiri. Panthawi yomweyi, zinadziwika kuti makapu 14.5-mm anali ndi zofooka zabornevoe: magalimoto ena adani, podbityh ya PTR, anali ndi mabowo khumi ndi awiri.

Akuluakulu a ku Germany akhala akubwereza mobwerezabwereza kupambana kwa PTRS-41. Malingana ndi iwo, mfuti za Soviet zowononga matani zambiri zinkaposa anthu achijeremani. Pamene Ajeremani anatha kulandira PTRC ngati mpikisano, iwo anali okonzeka kuigwiritsa ntchito pakuukira kwawo.

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, mtengo wa PTR ngati njira yaikulu yothetsera zida zankhondo kunayamba kuchepa. Komabe, ngakhale pankhondo pa Kursk Bulge, oponya zida amalemekeza chida ichi kangapo.

Zimachepera pakupanga

Popeza kuti zinali zovuta komanso zodula kwambiri kuti apange pulogalamu yotsutsana ndi sitima ya Simonov kusiyana ndi Degtyarev PTR, idapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri. Pofika m'chaka cha 1943, Ajeremani anayamba kulimbitsa chitetezo cha zida zawo, ndipo kuphulika kwa mfuti ya anti-tank kunayamba kuchepa. Kuchokera pa izi, kupanga kwawo kunayamba kuchepa kwambiri, ndipo posachedwa izo zinaima palimodzi. Kuyesera kupititsa patsogolo mfuti ndikuwonjezereka zida zake zolowera zida zopangidwa ndi akatswiri a zaluso osiyanasiyana mu 1942-1943, koma onsewo sanapambane. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangidwa ndi S. Rashkov, S. Ermolaev, M. Blum ndi V. Slukhotsky, akulowa bwino kwambiri, koma anali otsika kwambiri komanso oposa PTRS ndi PTRD. Mu 1945 zinakhala zomveka bwino kuti ngati njira yothetsera zitsulo, mfuti yotsutsana ndi tank inali itatha.

M'zaka zapitazi za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, pamene kale panalibe zopanda pake kukantha matanki ndi PTR, zida zankhondo zinayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito kugonjetsa antchito ogwira ntchito zankhondo, mabomba okwirira odzipangira okha, zida zowombera kwa nthawi yaitali komanso zowonongeka.

Mu 1941, makope 77 a PTRS anapangidwa, ndipo chaka chamawa - 63.3000. Pomwe mapeto a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, pamakhala mfuti zikwi 190,000. Ena a iwo anapeza ntchito mu nkhondo ya Korea.

Mbali za ntchito

Kuchokera pamtunda wa mfuti 100 anti-tank PTRS (Simonov) ikhoza kudutsa zida 50 mm, ndi kutalika kwa mamita 300 - mamita 40. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo mfutiyo inali yolondola molondola. Koma adalinso ndi malo ofooka - ntchito yotsika yaborbornevoe. Choncho pochita zankhondo, mphamvu ya chipolopolo imadziwika pambuyo polowera zida. Kuti aloŵe mu thanki ndikuwathyola nthawi zambiri sikunali kokwanira, kunali koyenera kugunda sitima kapena kapangidwe ka makina.

Kupambana kwa ntchito ya PRTS ndi PTSD kunachepa kwambiri pamene a Germany anayamba kuwonjezera chitetezo cha zida zawo. Zotsatira zake, zinali zosatheka kuzigunda ndi mfuti. Kuti achite izi, oombawo ankagwira ntchito pamtunda wautali, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri makamaka chifukwa cha maganizo. Pamene bomba la anti-tank linathamangitsidwa, dothi lalikulu linayimirira pozungulira, ndikuwombera mfuti ya mfutiyo. Ankhondo omenyana ndi adani, achifwamba ndi anyamata, akuyenda ndi thanki, anatsogolera asilikali, okonzekera PTRs, kusaka kwenikweni. Kaŵirikaŵiri zinachitika kuti pambuyo pa kutayidwa kwa thankiyo, palibe womenyana wotsalira amene anakhalabe mu kampani yolanda zida.

Ntchito yomanga

Mfutiyo imapereka kuchotsa kwa mpweya wochokera ku mbiya. Kuti athetse njirayi, otsogolera njira zitatu amalowetsa, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umatulutsidwa ku pistoni, malingana ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito. Njira ya thunthu inali itatsekedwa chifukwa cha skewing ya shutter. Pamwamba pa thunthu munali pistoni ya gasi.

Choyambitsa ndi makina opanga zimakulolani kuti muwombere mfuti yokha. Pamene makapu atha, chinsalucho chimakhala pomwepo. Zojambulazo zimagwiritsira ntchito fuseti ya mtundu wa fani.

Chombocho chili ndi kudula kwa dzanja lamanja kwa zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo chimakhala ndi phokoso losweka. Chifukwa cha kubwezeretsa ndalama, kubwerera kwa mfutiyo kunachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chombo cha Buttplate chokhala nacho chododometsa (chonyamu). Shopolo yosungira imakhala ndi chivundikiro chapansi pansi ndi wophikira nkhumba. Kulipira kumapangidwa kuchokera pansipa, mothandizidwa ndi pulogalamu yachitsulo ya maulendo asanu, akugwedezeka. Zisanu ndi chimodzi mwa mapaketiwa zinatengedwa ndi PTRS. Kuwombera kwa mfuti komwe kunali kovuta kwambiri kugunda kwabwino kunali mamita 800. Monga chipangizo cholumikizira chinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyera-mtundu wa mawonekedwe, kugwira ntchito mu mamita 100-1500 mamita. Mfuti, yomwe inalengedwa ndi Sergei Simonov, inali yovuta kwambiri komanso yolemera kuposa mfuti ya Degtyarev, koma inapambana pamtunda wa 5 mphindi pamphindi.

PTRS idaperekedwa ndi kuwerengedwa kwa asilikali awiri. Polimbana, mfutiyo ikhoza kunyamula nambala imodzi yowerengera kapena ziwiri. Ankagwiritsira ntchito pakhomo ndi thunthu. Pa malo oyendayenda, PTR ingasokonezedwe mu magawo awiri: wolandira ndi thumba ndi thunthu ndi bipod.

Pansi pa PTRS, cartridge inapangidwa yomwe ingakhale ndi mitundu iwiri ya zipolopolo :

1. B-32. Chida chophwanyira zida zowononga zida ndichitsulo cholimba cholimba.
2. BS-41. Zimasiyana ndi maziko a B-32 a cermet.

PTRS: makhalidwe

Kukambirana mwachidule zonsezi, timapereka zizindikiro zazikulu za mfuti:

1. Chiwerengero chake ndi 14.5 mm.
2. Kulemera kwake - 20.9 makilogalamu.
3. Kutalika ndi 2108 mm.
4. Mlingo wa moto - maulendo 15 pa mphindi.
5. Kufulumira kwa chipolopolo pamtunda kuchokera ku mbiya ndi 1012 m / s.
6. Kulemera kwa bullet - 64 g.
7. Mphamvu yotentha ndi 3320 kGm.
8. Kuboola zida: ndi mamita 100 - 50 mm, ndi mamita 300 - 40 mm.

Kutsiliza

Ngakhale kuti mfuti ya anti-tank PTRS (Simonov) inali ndi zofooka zina, asilikali a Soviet anakonda chida ichi, ndipo adaniwo ankawopa. Zinali zopanda mavuto, zodzichepetsa, zosasinthika komanso zothandiza. Malingana ndi zida zake zolimbitsa thupi komanso zolimbana, mfuti ya Simonov yotsutsana nayo yowononga mfuti inali yaikulu kuposa onse achilendo. Koma chofunika kwambiri, chinali chida cha mtundu umenewu chomwe chinathandiza asilikali a Soviet kuti athetse mantha omwe amatchedwa kuti tank.