M'dziko lamakono, zitsulo za mipeni zimakhala ndi mbali yofunikira pamoyo waumunthu, chifukwa ndi chinthu ichi chomwe tiyenera kukumana nacho nthawi zonse. Tsopano njira yopanga ntchito imagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana opangira, omwe amaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa alloys. Zosakaniza zonse zowonjezeredwa zakonzedwa kuti zithetse ubwino wa mankhwalawa. Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi amalakalaka kuti apindule kuti mapangidwe a alloys afika pamtunda watsopano, chifukwa chakuti pali matekinoloje okhwima ndi maphikidwe. Pakalipano, pali zitsulo zinazake zachitsulo kwa mipeni, zomwe zimakulolani kusankha njira yabwino, malingana ndi munda wogwiritsira ntchito.
Palikumenyana kosalekeza kwa zikhalidwe za thupi monga kuuma, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuvala kukana. Chitsulo chapamwamba kwa mipeni chiyenera kupereka kukanika kwabwino kulowa mu matupi ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, akuyenera kupirira zolemetsa zazikulu popanda kupunduka kapena kutaya mawonekedwe ake. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, luso loti zovalazo lizivale ndi losafunika kwenikweni, makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zovuta kwambiri m'thupi (vanadium, molybdenum ndi tungsten). Ndicho chifukwa chake makina a CPM 10V ndi CPM S90V awonjezeka kukanika kumbuyo.
Chida chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatira zake pazitsulo kuti zikhale ndi mipeni, zomwe zimapereka khalidwe linalake. Chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kaboni, zomwe mwazinthu zambiri zimakonzeratu zizindikiro zazikulu. Chifukwa cha izi, zimakhala zotheka kuti zitsulo zikhale zolimba kwa mipeni. Kuvuta kumadalira makamaka pa chiŵerengero chake. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kaboni, chiwonongeko cha chitsulo mpaka kuphulika chimakula . Kawirikawiri, kupezeka kwa kaboni sikuyenera kuchepera ndi 0,6 peresenti, koma opanga ambiri samapereka chidwi kwambiri ndi chizindikiro ichi, kutulutsa mankhwala otsika mtengo ndi mtengo wotsika.
Chinthu china chofunika ndi chofunika ndi Chrome. Ndicho, mungathe kuthana ndi kutupa mwa kuwonjezera zitsulo kwa mipeni. Ngati kuchuluka kwa gawoli kunapitirira 14 peresenti, ndiye kuti zingaganizidwe kuti ndi mankhwala osapanga kanthu. Komabe, mkulu chromium wokhutira kwambiri umakhudza makhalidwe amphamvu. Monga doping agent, molybdenum nthawi zambiri ntchito, zomwe zingathandize kutentha kuteteza ndi kutupa kukana. Zoonadi, zimakhudza chitsulo chilichonse cha mpeni.
Chinthu chochititsa chidwi ndi vanadium, yomwe imathandiza kuti zinthu zowonjezera zikhale zolimba. Ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kuonjezera kwambiri kukanika ndi mphamvu. Chitsulo cha mipeni yomwe imapindula ndi chinthu ichi chikhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yaitali yosungira makhalidwe odulidwa. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti kukulitsa mpeni kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri, alloy imaphatikizapo cobalt, yomwe imadziwika ndi mphamvu zazikulu. Ilo, monga lamulo, liri ndi zizindikiro N690 ndi VG-10. Komanso, chitsulo chimatha kuphatikizapo nickel, nayitrogeni, sulfure, silicon, titaniyamu ndi zinthu zina zambiri zamagetsi.