Njira za nkhondo zamagetsi. Yatsopano yatsopano ya nkhondo ya Russia

Kukonzekera kwamakono kwa ntchito zankhondo kumapangidwa ndi likulu la ankhondo lozikidwa pa malo angapo ofunika. Zimaphatikizapo chikhalidwe chofunikira kwa olamulira kuti adziwe momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito ndi kusinthanitsa kosasokonezedwa kwa chidziwitso. Ngati simukugwirizana ndi zifukwa ziwirizi, ngakhale gulu lankhondo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi makina ambiri amakono komanso omwe ali ndi asilikali osankhidwa, amasandulika kukhala gulu lopanda thandizo, lokhala ndi milu yambiri. Kupeza ndi kutumizira uthenga kumaphatikizapo podziwa, kuzindikira ndi kuyankhulana. Kuwononga rada ya adani ndikuwononga mauthenga ake, akatswiri onse amalota. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi njira ndi njira zamagetsi zamagetsi (EW).

Njira zoyambirira zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi

Makampani atangoyamba kuwonekera, anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu a chitetezo. Ubwino wa kulankhulana opanda waya, wopangidwa ndi Popov, nthawi yomweyo anayamikira Mpikisano Wachiroma wa Russia. Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse, kulandiridwa kwaphatikizi ndi kufalitsa uthenga kwafala. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, njira zoyamba za nkhondo zamagetsi zinkaonekera, zomwe zinali zamantha komanso zosagwira ntchito. Kuti apange zolepheretsa, ndege ndi ndege zinaponyedwa kutalika kwa nsalu yotchinga yazitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafunde a wailesi ayambe kuyenda. Inde, njira iyi inali ndi zolephera zambiri, izo zinagwira kanthawi kochepa ndipo kwathunthu njira yolankhulirana siidapangidwe. Mu 1914-1918, njira ina yofunikira ya REB, yomwe ikufala m'nthawi yathu ino, ikufalikira. Mauthenga a mauthenga ndi ovomerezeka adakakamizika kulandira mauthenga auzimu a mdani. Zomwe mwadzidzidzi zinaphunzitsidwa kuti zidziwitse, koma ngakhale kufotokoza kwa kukula kwake kwa wailesi kunapangitsa ogwira ntchito kuntchito kuweruza zambiri.

Udindo wa chidziwitso mu nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, nkhondo yapakompyuta inaloŵa m'malo atsopano. Mphamvu zazombo zankhondo ndi ndege za Hitler ku Germany zinafuna kugonjetsedwa bwino. Ku Britain ndi ku United States, mayiko omwe akukumana ndi vuto la chitetezo cha Atlantic, ntchito yaikulu inayamba pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zowunikiridwa kwapamwamba pazomwe zili pamwamba ndi mpweya, makamaka mabomba ndi ma FAA. Funsoli linali lovuta kwambiri ponena za kuthekera kwa kufotokoza malipoti a anthu oyenda pansi pa Germany. Ngakhale ntchito yochititsa chidwi ya akatswiri a masamu komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zina, nkhondo yamagetsi inagwira ntchito pokhapokha atagwira makina achinsinsi a Engim. Kufunikira kwenikweni kwa kafufuzidwe kafukufuku ndi kusokoneza kwa chidziwitso cha Germany mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse sikunakwaniritsidwe, koma chidziwitso chinawonjezeka.

Asilikali monga zamoyo

Panthawi ya Cold War, njira zamakono zamagetsi zinayamba, pafupi ndi momwe amaonera masiku ano. Zida, ngati zikufanizidwa ndi ziwalo zawo zamoyo, zimakhala ndi maganizo, ubongo ndi ziwalo zamphamvu, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamoto. "Makutu" ndi "maso" a ankhondo ndi njira zowunikira, kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zingapangitse chitetezo ku msinkhu wamakono. Ntchito ya ubongo imachitidwa ndi likulu. Kuchokera pa izo, pa "mitsempha" yochepa ya njira zoyankhulirana, magulu ankhondo amalandira malamulo omwe ali ovomerezeka kuti aphedwe. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ziteteze dongosolo lonse lovuta, koma limakhala loopsya. Choyamba, mdani nthawi zonse amayesa kusokoneza kayendedwe ka kuwononga likulu. Cholinga chake chachiwiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito njira zothandizira mauthenga (zolemba za radar ndi kuzindikira koyambirira). Chachitatu, ngati njira zoyankhulirana zathyoledwa, dongosolo lolamulira limataya ntchito yake. Nkhondo zamakono zamakono zamagetsi zimadutsa ntchito izi zitatu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito molimbika.

Asymmetry ya chitetezo

Si chinsinsi kuti bajeti ya US yachinsinsi pa ndalama ndi nthawi yochuluka kuposa ya Russia. Kuti tikwanitse kuthana ndi vuto lathu kudziko lathu, tifunika kutengera njira zosakwanira, kutsimikizira kuti pali chitetezo chokwanira chokhala ndi ndalama zochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zamakono zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta zowonjezereka kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri nkhanza mwa kuika chidwi pa malo ake osatetezeka.

Mu Russian Federation, imodzi mwa mabungwe opititsa patsogolo omwe akugwira ntchito yopanga nkhondo zamagetsi zimatanthauza KRET (Concern "Radioelectronic Technologies"). Cholinga cha kulenga chimatha kuponderezera ntchito ya mdani wodalirika ndi lingaliro linalake. Kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, iyeneranso kudziwa momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera pazigawo zosiyana siyana zakulimbana kwa nkhondo.

Kodi chisokonezo chosakhala cha mphamvu ndi chiyani?

Pakadali pano, kukhazikitsidwa kwa chilepheretsedwe cha chilengedwe chonse chomwe sichitsutsana ndi kusinthana kwachinsinsi ndizosatheka. Njira yowonjezereka yotsutsa ingakhale kukhalitsa kwa chizindikiro, kuyimitsa ndi kutumiza kwa mdani mwa mawonekedwe osokonezeka. Ndondomeko yotere ya magetsi imabweretsa zotsatira zomwe zimatchedwa "kusokoneza mphamvu" pakati pa akatswiri. Kuchita kwake kungachititse kusokoneza kwathunthu kwa oyang'anira zida zankhanza, ndipo, motero, kuwonongedwa kwathunthu. Njirayi, malinga ndi zina, inagwiritsidwa ntchito kale pakati pa Middle East, koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60ties ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo zida za EW sizinalole kuti apite patsogolo. Kuchitapo kanthu mu kayendetsedwe ka zankhondo za mdani kunapangidwa "mu njira yopangira". Masiku ano, pokhala ndi magulu a nkhondo a ku Russia omwe ali ndi zipangizo zamakono.

Njira zowonetsera zamatsenga

Kuphatikiza pa nkhani zowonongeka, asilikali omwe ali kutsogolo akukakamizika kuthetsa ntchito zamakono. Ndege ziyenera kuuluka pa malo a adani, zotetezedwa ndi ndege. Kodi n'zotheka kuwapezera ndime yosatsutsika pamzere wodzitetezera? Nkhani yomwe inachitikira pa masewera achilengedwe ku Black Sea (April 2014), ikutsimikizira kuti nkhondo zamakono zamakono a ku Russia zimatanthawuza kuti pangakhale ngozi zowonongeka kwa ndege, ngakhale zikhalidwe zawo lero sizili pakati pazomwe zikupita patsogolo kwambiri.

Bungwe la Chitetezo limapewa kufotokozera, koma zomwe amakhulupirira ku mbali ya America zimanena zambiri. Zowonongeka - pazifukwa zoyendetsa - kuthawa kwa "Donald Cook" ndi bomba la Su-24 lomwe silinagwidwe, linapangitsa kuti asiye zipangizo zonse zothandizira. Umu ndi mmene magulu a magetsi a magetsi a "Khibiny" amagwirira ntchito.

Khibiny "

Njirayi, yomwe imatchulidwa pamwamba pa phiri la Kola Peninsula, imangoimira chidebe chaching'ono chimene chimasungidwa ku pylon ya ndege yoyamba. Lingaliro la kulenga njira yotsutsana ndi chidziwitso chinawuka mu theka lachiwiri la makumi asanu ndi awiri. Nkhani zotetezedwa zinalandiridwa ndi KNIRTI (Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute). Nkhanza za nkhondo zamagetsi zimangokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri, ndipo chimodzi mwa izo ("Proran") chinali ndi udindo wovomerezeka, ndipo china ("Regatta") chimasokoneza mwakhama. Ntchitoyi inathetsedwa bwino mu 1980.

Ma moduleswa anali oti apangidwe pa msilikali woyendetsa ndege wa Su-27. Nkhondo ya ku Russia yamagetsi "Khibiny" ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikiza ntchito za magulu awiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo ikugwirizana pamodzi ndi zida za ndege.

Cholinga cha zovutazo

Chipangizo cha 175V ("Khibiny") chinapangidwa kuti chizigwira ntchito zingapo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podziwika ngati radioelectronic kuchotsa zowonongeka kwa mdani.

Ntchito yoyamba, yomwe anayenera kuthetsa mukumenyana ndi nkhondo, inali kuyesa chizindikiro choyesera cha gwero la kuyera. Kenaka chizindikiro chovomerezedwa chimapotozedwa kuti chikhale chovuta kuona ndege yonyamula katunduyo. Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizochi chimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsedwe zabodza ziwoneke pawunivesiti ya radar, zimaphatikizapo kutsimikiza kwa kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi kuwonetseratu, ndipo zimayipitsa zizindikiro zina zozindikiridwa.

Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zida zowonongeka kwa adani akukhala aakulu kwambiri moti sikofunikira kunena za ntchito yawo.

Zithunzi zamakono "Khibiny"

Kuchokera pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala a L-175V, mawonekedwe a chipangizowa adasinthidwa zambiri, pofuna kuwongolera njira zamakono ndikuchepetsa kuchepa ndi kukula. Kupititsa patsogolo kukupitirirabe lero, zinsinsi zimakhala zobisika, koma zimadziwika kuti magetsi atsopano a magetsi angagwiritse ntchito gulu lotetezera ndege kuchokera ku zowonongeka kwa misala ya antiaircraft yomwe ingakhale yotsutsa, yomwe ilipo komanso yodalirika. Kulinganiza bwino kumaphatikizapo kuthekera kwowonjezera mphamvu ndi chidziwitso, malinga ndi zofunikira za njirayi. Pakati pa chitukuko cha chipangizochi, sizinthu zokha zomwe zinagonjetsedwa ndi mdani wodalirika, komanso kuyembekezera mwayi wa chitukuko chawo posachedwa (kwa zaka 2025).

Zosatheka "Krasuha"

Ankhondo a makompyuta ankhondo a Russian Federation adzalandira posachedwapa machitidwe a radar a "Krasuha-4". Zili zobisika, ngakhale kuti maofesi omwe ali ndi malo ofanana ndi a Krasuha-2 akhala akugwira ntchito m'magulu ankhondo kuyambira 2009.

Zimadziwika kuti maofesi apakompyuta anapangidwa ndi Rostov Research Institute Gradient, yopangidwa ndi Nizhny Novgorod NGO Kvant ndipo anakwera pa chisilamu cha BAZ-6910-022 (nkhwangwa zinayi, dziko lopambukirapo). Malingana ndi mfundo yake, ntchito yatsopano ya Russia yopanga magetsi yothandizira Krasouha ndi njira yogwira ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi antennas oyambirira (kuphatikizapo AWACS) komanso kulumikizidwa kwa anthu othawa. Kuperewera kwazitsulo sizinalepheretse kulowa muzowunikira zokhudzana ndi mphamvu zazikulu za zovuta za REB muzinthu zofalitsa, zomwe ntchito yawo "imayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka galimoto zamagetsi ndi magulu otsogolerana a adani."

Chomwe chimabisika kuseri kwa chophimba cha chinsinsi

Pazifukwa zomveka bwino, zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi luso la zatsopano zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito makina a Russia zimasungidwa chinsinsi. Maiko ena safulumira kugawana zinsinsi m'malo mwa zofanana zomwe zikuchitika. Komabe, n'zotheka kuweruza mlingo wokonzekera kumenyana ndi zida zotetezera mwachindunji. Mosiyana ndi zida zankhondo zaku nyukiliya, zotsatira zake ndi bwino kuganiza ndi kupanga kulingalira kokwanira, zida za EW zingayesedwe pansi pa zovuta zowononga, komanso ngakhale zenizeni, otsutsa, monga zinachitika mu April 2014. Pakalipano, pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti asilikali a ku Russia a nkhondo zamagetsi pokhapokha ngati sangakulepheretseni.