Ethyl mowa wothandizidwa. Ethyl mowa ndi ntchito. Ethyl mowa kupanga

Si chinsinsi kuti monga waukulu zopangira kwa kupanga zakumwa ndi kudzatha ethyl mowa. Iwo nemaloznachimy mankhwala m'dera limeneli. Pakuti mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Kufotokozera za chuma

Ethyl mowa kudzatha ndi colorless mandala madzi, zomwe ziribe fungo ndi aftertaste. Kulemera yeniyeni ya mankhwala pa 20 ° C wofanana 0,78927 g / cm3. Mowa, kapena ethyl mowa, anali woyamba apanga mu 1855 ku ethylene. Nkhanizi ndi madzi flammable. Pamene aumbike mwa kuyaka wa madzi ndi mpweya. nthunzi mowa zovulaza thanzi. The pazipita kololeka ndende mu mlengalenga akuti ndi 1 mg / l. yozizira koopsa ake kutentha ndi -117 ° C ndi kuwira mfundo: +78,2 ° C.

Mowa - chilinganizo

Nkofunika kudziwa. Mkuluyu mankhwala opangidwa Mowa: C ₂ H ₅ HA. Iwo akufotokoza zikuchokera mankhwala ndi wakhazikitsidwa koma mu 1807. Koma pokhapo anakwanitsa synthesizing Ethyl mowa structural chilinganizo anali linachokera. Kwalembedwa motere: CH ₃ CH ₂ HA.

Mowa ndi mowa zimalimbikitsa ndi chifukwa chakuti ili chimodzi chokha HA gulu, amanena za gulu monatomic. Pamaso pa magulu hydroxyl ndiyo katundu mankhwala thunthu, komanso mankhwala zimene kufooka.

Pamene kusungidwa mu muli anthu atsegule ethyl mowa ukuphwera ndi chinyezi imatsala mpweya. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Mowa amatanthauza chinthu hygroscopic. Chifukwa chakuti anati mankhwala ali ndi dongosolo ofanana ndi madzi, tingathe wothira mu kufanana kulikonse.

Ethyl mowa kudzatha, chifukwa chilengedwe mafakitale, ali anachita pang'ono acidic. Zimenezi odalirika. Lili ping'ono organic zidulo. Anachita mankhwala koyera ethyl mowa ndale. Tiyenera kukumbukira.

Amafuna kuti ntchito ndi khalidwe la mbewu

Vuto lalikulu anakumana ndi opanga mowa, ndi kupanga ethyl mowa wapamwamba kwambiri. mfundo State ndi zikalata zina zolimbana ndi zofuna limeneli, lomwe bwanji physico-mankhwala ndi magawo organoleptic. Mowa analandira kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.

Kupanga wothandizila anati kuchokera ku zipangizo zaulimi yaiwisi biotechnological kupanga zomwe amagwiritsa tizilombo kutembenuza wowuma mu fermentable dzuwa, ndi chuma wokonzeka - Mowa. masiteji onse kuvomereza phoso rectification muli wambirimbiri mankhwala ndi makina njira. Aliyense wa amenewa amakhudza makhalidwe organoleptic wa ethyl mowa. Tidzafotokoza ina.

Zinthu zokhudza makhalidwe organoleptic

Pankhaniyi:

• chikhalidwe ukhondo wa zida yopangira (payipi vaporization chipinda, ndi kuzizira kutentha, kutengerapo thanki).
• Quality wa zopangira (mtundu wa tirigu, zikhalidwe za yosungirako, udindo, ndi fungo Al.).
• Zisanawonongeke flowsheet chakudya kukonzekera (enzymatic Zimango, chikhalidwe).
• The ndondomeko chithandizo (ufulu, mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu, mu ulimi).
• Ntchito yisiti mitundu.
• Patsogolo ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu (nthawi, kuwonjezeka kwa acidity).
• zipangizo zothandiza thandizo (antiseptics ndi disinfectants).

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi khalidwe la zipangizo zopangira ntchito. Vuto iye ndi zovuta, popeza palibe okwanira anthu tirigu. Choncho, chochuluka zipangizo zopangira ntchito laperekedwa kwa kampani pansi mapangano a. Anaganiza ndi ogulitsa osiyana pa mitengo negotiated.

Pakali pano, palibe muyezo dziko kapena zina normative ndi luso zolembedwa, womwe bwino chimatanthauza zofunikira za tirigu, ntchito kupanga mankhwala. Komabe, ena a iwo anakonza za "Malamulo pa ulimi wa mowa kuchokera ku zipangizo wowuma munali yaiwisi." Pakati pawo - zili Mankhwala oipitsa zosiyanasiyana poizoni (mbewu namsongole, etc ...), tizilombo infestation wa udzu, komanso kukhazikitsa Zinyalala.

Ntchito alcohols mu kupanga mowa amafuna mkulu khalidwe la mankhwala chifukwa. Ku chikhalidwe cha mbewu ntchito mwachindunji amadalira katundu organoleptic wa chifukwa cha therefrom anati mankhwala. Chizindikiro kwambiri a zipangizo ndi fungo lake. Chifukwa kapangidwe capillary-porous wa mbewu ndi lolingana misa skvazhistosti akhoza adsorb (kuyamwa) mipweya osiyana ndi nthuzi kwa chilengedwe. The zopangira kuti ndi kachilombo yosungirako tizirombo, mwina muli zinthu za moyo wawo. Ngati mbewu nthata alipo, izo worsens mtundu ndi kukoma, komanso anapanga fungo yeniyeni. Kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo izi m'chimake amalenga yabwino kwa kukula tating'onoting'ono ndipo kudzikundikira mycotoxins. Ntchito mbewu imeneyi popanga ngati nkotheka. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa tizilombo limakhudza anthu makhalidwe organoleptic wa mowa chifukwa.

Pakuti kupanga wa anati mankhwala zambiri osauka khalidwe ntchito ndi mbewu zosalongosoka, imene mwana ndi mwatsopano kukolola, kuonongeka kuyanika, pansi kudziona Kutentha, ndi bala ergot mwaye ndi Fusarium. Zimenezi odalirika. Pa processing wa mbewu mwatsopano kukolola kuti zipse popanda kukhudzana luso kuphwanya zikachitika, imbaenda n'kovuta phala ndi Choncho, kuchepa kwambiri ntchitoyo chipinda lolingana.

Mtundu wa zipangizo, kuonongeka ndi kuyanika, akhoza zimasiyana bulauni kuwala wakuda. Nkofunika kudziwa. Mapira wakuda zonyamula kuti zinyalala. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko iyi, kokha kuyanjana ndi wathanzi. Choncho, mlingo chovomerezeka kwa mbewu anatentha sayenera oposa 10%. Ntchito alcohols kuti yopanga zakumwa mkulu khalidwe owonjezera chithunzi ichi ndi zosayenela.

Yaiwisi zakhudzana ergot ndi mwaye amakhala poizoni, popeza muli alkaloids zosiyanasiyana (argonin, ergotamine, kortunin etc.). zosafunika zovulaza ndi oipa kwambiri, chifukwa amachititsa zizindikiro organoleptic mowa ndipo amaupereka sharpness, kuwawa ndi pungency. Koma zopangira angathe kukonzedwa ndi tirigu wathanzi. Choncho wokhutira sayenera kuposa 8-10%.

Mbewu, ntchito kupanga mowa imakhala wowuma (65 - 68% pa chinthu youma) komanso zomanga thupi, mafuta, free dzuwa, mchere, polysaccharides, dextrin. mankhwala onse amene ali mu zosiyanasiyana zimachitika zochita zosiyanasiyana amuzolengedwa.

Chinthu china chimene amakhudza katundu organoleptic wa chotsirizidwa ndi chimera ndi kukonzekera nayonso mphamvu mikroorganizmennyh mbewu (saccharifying zipangizo). Tiyeneranso n'komwe. Ndithu zambiri kachilombo mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito opanga. Komanso akhoza kuchitika kuti iwo anachokera kupanda ntchito enzymatic. Zikatero amapezeka kachilombo nayonso mphamvu ndondomeko. Chifukwa ndi kumanga-mmwamba mankhwala osafunika kungotaya yisiti. Choncho, makutidwe ndi okosijeni mowa amachepetsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, akupeza fungo oipa kukoma.

Khalidwe la mowa mwachindunji zimadalira zosiyanasiyana yisiti ntchito. Kusankha yake ndi mapangidwe a nayonso mphamvu woyenera zimathandiza kupeza anati mankhwala kukhala okhutira otsika zosafunika zofunika.

Ndi yofunika chigawo kupanga mowa ndi madzi. Ndi chiyero chake (kuchuluka kwa tizilombo pano, ndipo zosiyanasiyana kusungunuka mmenemo Mankhwala) khalidwe la mankhwala opangidwa zimatengera. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amene amabwera kuchokera ku akasupe artesian.

Komanso dziwani kuti pambuyo pa kuyeretsa mankhwala kukhalabe anati Mankhwala oipitsa zosiyanasiyana poizoni. esters apamwamba ndi zina alipo mowa umatulutsa, akhoza kupereka kuwala, ndi kukomoka kamapezeka m'mafuta fungo. Zimenezi odalirika. Koma pamaso pa diethyl efa amapereka dzina lake mankhwala kuwawa ndi fungo zosauma.

Khalidwe la mankhwala ndi makhalidwe ake organoleptic ali nawonso anakopeka ndi zosafunika zosiyanasiyana atypical kapena poizoni ena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mankhwala ndi ena.

mowa kubala luso

item Izi tione. Kudzatha ethyl mowa mukhoza kupanga njira zitatu ndi mankhwala, kupanga ndi amuzolengedwa (enzymatic). Kusankha kwawo zimadalira payekha.

• Enzymatic ndondomeko yokonza nayonso mphamvu shuga mowa amapezeka. Iwo nemaloznachimy ndondomeko. Iye anagwira ntchito ya yisiti ndi michere.
• Chemical ndondomeko yokonza mowa kuti apange mowa mafakitale ku zomera zopangira amene ali mkulu zili CHIKWANGWANI (udzu, utuchi, etc.). Ndiponso amapangidwa kuchokera mowa sulphite (zamkati ndi pepala kupanga zinyansi).
• A ndondomeko kupanga yopangira mowa mafakitale kugwirizana madzi ethylene pamaso pa chothandizira ndi. Izi si njira wamba.

Chakudya kudzatha ethyl mowa analandira yekha ku feedstock lolingana. Wachibadidwe, izi adzatumikira monga tirigu, mchewere ndi mbatata. Kudzatha ethyl mowa zaumisiri okonzeka ku feedstock chomwecho. Komabe, mwina muli zosafunika zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi prohibitive kwa makampani chakudya.

Kupanga ethyl mowa ikuchitika mu magawo 3

• Kukonzekera. Lidzayeretsedwa ku zodetsa chakudya ndi kukonzekera chimera.
• Main. Panthaŵi imeneyi kuphika chikuchitika ndi saccharification zipangizo kukhuthala yaiwisi, nayonso, distillation ndi tchizi phwando mowa.
• Final - rectification. Zimenezi mobwerezabwereza distillation zinachitikadi kuti cholinga cha kuyeretsedwa Mowa ku zodetsa zosiyanasiyana.

Za mtundu wina bwino chomera zakuthupi, amene ntchito yopanga mankhwala ndi mbatata. Pakuti ichi amagwiritsa mitundu ngati amene adzalandira mkulu kukhuthala ndi khola kwambiri pa yosungirako. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe zofunika kwa kupanga.

Muyenera kudziwa kuti chimanga sikuti ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi, komanso chimera, ndilo gwero la michere kuti kuphwanya wowuma kuti fermentable dzuwa. Izo zimatengera zilakolako payekha. Ena zomera ntchito m'malo kukonzekera chimera enzyme chiyambi tating'onoting'ono. Pezani iwo mwa zisamere pachakudya. formulations enzyme akhoza kukhala mwina m'malo wathunthu wa chimera ntchito pamodzi ndi mu magawanidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Kudziwa katundu wa luso alcohols kupanga. Thupi wobiriwira lili angapo zosafunika zomwe zingasiyane malingana ndi kutentha kuwira. Ali ndi-mankhwala pa nayonso mphamvu. kuchuluka kwawo yotsalira ndi zikuchokera bwanji khalidwe la liquors mowa umatulutsa. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri.

zida Pakufunika

Kupeza mankhwala kuchokera mowa zopanda ntchito dongosolo multicolumn. ntchito yawo ndi zofunika. Aliyense ndime ya zida anati amachita ntchito yeniyeni lolingana kulekana kwa osakaniza pa kutentha zosiyanasiyana ndi mavuto. Zimene alcohols ndi physico-mankhwala awo katundu kulola kuti tichotse zosafunika zosiyanasiyana. Nkofunika mu nkhani iyi. Saloledwa kupanga mowa edible. Panopa, pali zingapo latsopano patenti ziwembu zamakono kuyeretsedwa zomera zopangira, amene akhoza kwambiri patsogolo mawunikidwe ndi organoleptic makhalidwe a mankhwala ananena. Magwiridwe bragorektifikatcii izo kumawonjezera ndi 15%. Linanena bungwe ndi chomaliza mankhwala ali pafupi 98,5%. Chibwenzi, ulimi wa thunthu ntchito bragorektifikatsionnye ntchito yothandizira kuti akhoza ali ku mizati isanu. Iwo ndi osiyana ndi, malinga ndi cholinga chake, lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika motere:

• Brazhnye. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito zina za phala ndi mowa.
• Epuration. Iwo ntchito kupeza Mowa.
• Distillation. Gwiritsani ntchito kuyeretsa mowa - yaiwisi. kupeza mzimu kudzatha pano ndi kuchita
• Fusel. Anatengera zofunika. Iwo ankaganiza ndi kudzipatula mafuta fusel
• Mizati komaliza kuyeretsedwa. Iwo ntchito kupeza apamwamba mankhwala khalidwe.

kwambiri kuyeretsa

Rectification - ndi mtundu wa Mipikisano gawo distillation. Iwo ikuchitika mu mizati kudzera nthunzi ndipo mnogokolpachkovyh mbale. zomera zokolola anati mankhwala komanso zigawo loopsali ndi mafuta fusel omwe ndi osakaniza a alcohols apamwamba. Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya distillation, zosafunika izi anawagawa:

• Mchira. Zinthu zimene tatchulazi nthawi zambiri amanena amene ali ndi kuwira mfundo kuposa Mowa. Iwo fusel mafuta, ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, furfural, acetals, ndi ena.
• Mutu. Zikuphatikizapo zosafunika kuti wiritsani pa kutentha poyerekeza Mowa. Pankhaniyi, esters ndi aldehydes.
• alcohols wapakatikati ndi kuchepetsa wodetsedwa. Iwo ndi magulu ambiri trudnootdelimymi mankhwala. Malinga zosiyanasiyana distillation mwina kapena mchira ndi mutu.

mitundu

Mankhwala anati, malingana ndi mlingo wa kuyeretsedwa lagawidwa:

• 1 kalasi. mowa uyu wapeza ntchito mankhwala. Komabe, kwa kupanga mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
• "Lux".
• "Owonjezera".
• "Maziko".
• "Alpha".

Kupanga zakumwa, amene khalidwe liti ziyeneretso zamakono zonse, muyenera kumwa mowa, pakalibe chikhalidwe poizoni zosafunika. Iwo amafunika mwachindunji mu GOST R 51652-2000.

Ethyl mowa - ntchito

Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndi wokongola osavuta kumva. Mowa ndi kusintha kwambiri. Komabe nthawi zambiri iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zolinga, kwa kupanga mowa, komanso makampani.

mbali opanga

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala anati analandira kuchokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana yaiwisi. akuti:

• Mowa "Alpha" amapangidwa tirigu kapena rye. Kapenanso, mu nkhani iyi osakaniza kwake ntchito.
• Mzimu "Lux" ndi "Owonjezera" analandira kuchokera osiyanasiyana mbewu, komanso zosakaniza zace kapena mbatata. Izo zimatengera kusankha munthu wa zipangizo. Mowa "Owonjezera" amapangidwa yekha kwa mbewu wathanzi. Iwo anafuna kupanga mowa wamphamvu, amene zimagulitsidwa.
• Mowa 1 kalasi amapangidwa kuchokera chisakanizo cha mbatata ndi mbewu, kapena payekhapayekha. Komanso mu nkhani iyi, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mchewere shuga Beet. Ntchito alcohols mu makampani kumathandiza kuti atulutse mtundu mowa.

Asayansi mankhwala anati yotentha ndi kudziŵa voliyumu ndi kutentha kwa thunthu mu yamphamvu chingwe. chipangizo Special (alcoholmeters) kudziwa osalimba a thunthu. Iwo limafanana ndi linga ena. Kudzera matebulo wapadera zikuonetsa munalandira ndi kutentha kudziwa linga% (Mowa zolowa). Komanso, chinthu lolingana ndi pano. Iye ndi munthu wodziwika zofunika. Pamene kuchulukitsa ndi buku la thunthu anati ikuchitika mawerengedwe kuchuluka kwa mowa anhydrous lomwe lili.

zikuluzikulu zoikamo asanu thupi ndi mankhwala chitetezo ndi kuliika pa phwando. Kukhazikitsa malire ndi magawanidwe a poizoni amafotokozedwa SanPin. Pamaso pa furfural sikuloledwa konse. Alumali moyo wa mowa ndi malire. Komabe, zinthu mwachindunji ayenera kukwaniritsa.

Olemba, ma CD ndi kusunga

mankhwala ndi chotengera mu mwapadera okonzeka ziwiya, zitini, migolo, mabotolo kapena akasinja. Iwo ayenera hermetically losindikizidwa lids kapena sankafuna. Muli ayenera losindikizidwa kapena losindikizidwa. mabotolo ali odzaza madengu wapadera kapena mabokosi. Zoletsedwa mu nkhani iyi, ntchito muli kanasonkhezereka zitsulo.

Ethyl mowa 95% kumwa mabotolo a mu mabotolo galasi mabuku osiyanasiyana omwe anasindikizidwa ndi Nkhata Bay kapena pulasitiki pakamwapo. Top kapu ndi kuvala zotayidwa umene umagwiritsidwa Mlengi sitampu. Komanso, pali anasonyeza buku ili mbali ina ya mowa.

Mwachindunji pa chizindikiro botolo ndi kuzilemba limene pali dzina chobalidwa, dzina ndi adiresi ya Mlengi mtundu dzina, dziko chiyambi, mphamvu voliyumu ndi kudzaza tsiku. Amafuna pano ndi kuzifotokoza pa chitsimikizo. Komanso pa chizindikiro ntchito potanthauza luso kapena zolimbana zolembedwa, malinga ndi zomwe tinachita tingaone.

mabotolo kenako anaikidwa matabwa mabokosi. - dzina Mlengi wa mowa, muyezo zoti dzina la kumalo a ntchito: iwo atumwiwa kuvomerezedwa mfundo zotsatirazi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimasonyezanso kulemera kwakukulu, chiwerengero cha mabotolo ndi mphamvu zawo. Muyenera nawo mawu akuti "Chenjezo! Galasi "," flammable "," Top. "

Ethyl mowa kudzatha, odzaza mu muli ndi makontena kusungidwa kunja maofesi yopanga kumalo a ntchito. mankhwala mu mbiya, zitini ndi mabotolo zasungidwa mu sitolo wapadera. mowa Ethyl ndi flammable oyaka madzi. Ndi mlingo wa chikoka pa munthu ali kalasi 4.. Choncho, zinthu yosungirako ndi zofunika zapadera. Mabotolo m'chipinda chapansi mowa ndi zitini adzaikidwe mu mzere, koma ng'oma - osapitirira awiri kukwera ndi m'lifupi mwake okwana lapansi. Pofuna kupewa inaphulika, m'pofunika kuchita zida chitetezo, akasinja kwa magetsi malo amodzi. Yosungirako nthawi Pankhaniyi yopanda malire.

chifukwa

Nditawerenga pamwamba, mukhoza bwinobwino mmene chifukwa amapangidwa ethyl mowa, mtengo umene, malingana ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ndi injini mphamvu chidebe yomwe ili, ndi ku rubles 11 1500.