Bomboni yapamwamba yopambana yotchedwa T-4MS ("product 200"): yaikulu makhalidwe

Ntchito zomwe zinalibe nthawi yoti zikhale zenizeni, koma zinalowa mbiriyakale ... Ndi angati a iwo, oiwalika oyenerera komanso osapitirira. Ntchito imodzi yokha ndi yopanga makina othandizana ndi mabomba ogwira ntchito pamsewu omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi PO Sukhoi.

Zofunikira zoyenera kulenga

Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri, nkhani yokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ndege, yomwe inali itayamba kale, inaukitsidwa ndi asilikali mu 1967, pamene bungwe linapanga ku United States kuti apange ndege yodalirika (Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft). Kuchokera ku polojekiti ya AMSA, kulengedwa kwa B-1 yotchuka kwambiri, yotchedwa Bomber Strategic Bombber, ya kuphulika kwakukulu kunayamba.
Ndipo mu January 1969, mwa ndondomeko ya Minister of Aircraft, mpikisano unayamba pakati pa maofesi a VM Myasischev, AN Tupolev, ndi PO Sukhoi. Malinga ndi dongosolo ili, mabungwe ochita malonda amayenera kuchita kafukufuku pa ndege yoyendetsa ndege, kupanga chombo cha mphamvu, zida zamakono ndi kayendedwe ka ndege. Kupanga makanema a pa wailesi okha ndikumangokhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Utumiki wa Zamagetsi Zamagetsi. Lamulo lake linawonekera m'chaka cha chaka chomwecho.

Deta yoyamba

Lamulo la boma kumapeto kwa autumn la 1967 linatsimikiza za momwe ndegeyo ikuyendera.

Anayenera kukhala ndi zoyamba zapamwamba zowuluka.

Pamtunda wa makilomita 1.8, liwiro linayikidwa pa kilomita 3.2-3.5,000 / h. Ndipo zikuganiziridwa kuti mu njirayi komanso pamsinkhu wachangu pafupi ndi nthaka ndegeyo iyenera kuuluka makilomita 11-13,000, ndipo pamtunda wautali wothamanga paulendo waulendo ayenera kukhala 16-18,000 km.

Ntchito ina inaperekanso pa zida zankhondo. Izi ziyenera kukhala zosinthika komanso zowonongeka momasuka ndikukonzekera mabomba a mitundu yosiyana siyana, ndi miyendo yochokera ku mlengalenga, X-45 Molniya, komanso makumi awiri ndi awiri (24). Misala yonse ya zida inayikidwa pa matani 45.

Kuyambira pa chitukuko

OKB Sukhoi PO kuyambira mu 1961, komanso mpikisano wokhazikika, idapanga chitukuko cha bomba lamatsenga-chonyamulira T-4, chifukwa cha matani 100 a wachiwiri wotchedwa "Sotka." Anayenera kufika pa liwiro la 3000 km / h, kugonjetsa chingwe chotentha, motero, ndipo amakhala ndi mlengalenga. Kwa iye, mwapadera anapanga msilikali woyendetsa mpweya, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zipangizo zoyendera. Chovomerezeka chinali chabe ndondomeko makumi atatu ndi itatu ya ndegeyi.

Pachifukwa chake, ndikupanga ndege yatsopano ya T-4MS yokhala ndi njira yatsopano yopulumutsira kupitirizabe ndi chitsanzo choyambirira. Kukonzekera kwatsopano kuyenera kukhalabebe: Mphamvu za mphamvu, zowonongeka kale zatsopano, zomwe zinapangidwa kukhala zowonongeka ndi njira zamakono, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi kuyesedwa pamakonzedwe ndi zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zingakhale zofunika pakupanga, kupanga njira zamakono. Ngakhalenso makina othandizira anapezeka ndi kufanana ndi Sotka. Kulemera kwake kumatengera malingana ndi olembawo anali pafupi matani mazana awiri, kotero T-4MS ndege - "mankhwala 200" adadziwika.

Zothetsera zatsopano

Tsoka, sizingatheke kuzindikira lingaliro lodabwitsa. Ngati mumasunga malingaliro anu, kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake kwa mankhwala atsopano kunakula kwambiri, koma zida zonse sizinayikidwe.

Choncho, OKB Sukhogo PO. Akatswiriwa adayambitsa ndondomeko yatsopano yowonetsera malo omwe angapangitse kuti pakhale paliponse zomwe zingatheke kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe ayenera kukhala omangidwa mwamphamvu kuti ndege ikwanitse kuuluka mofulumira pafupi ndi nthaka.

Kuonjezera apo, adasankha kuchotsa dongosolo loyendetsa ndege kuchokera ku dera loyendetsa ndege. Pankhaniyi, zinatheka kuthetsa kusintha kwatsopano ndi injini zina. Kukonzekera kwatsopano kumeneku kuyenera kukhala nako kuthekera kosavuta kusintha ntchito ndi deta ya chida chatsopano.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya wopanga, iwo adalumikiza njira yowonongeka, yomwe idakonzedwa ngati "phiko louluka", zowonongeka zazing'ono zazing'ono (zochepa, ndithudi) zitha kutha kusintha.

Kusintha kwa mabomba

Kukonzekera kwatsopano kwa ndege ya T-4MS, yomwe inavomerezedwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe cha 1970, idakhala ngati maziko a chitukuko cha mapulani.

Zithunzi zamakonzedwe ameneŵa zinayendetsedwa m'magalimoto a TsAGI ndipo zinawonetsa zotsatira zodziwika pazomwe zimayenda mofulumira komanso pa supersonic.

Chifukwa cha dera laling'ono lozungulira ndi lokhala ndi thupi lolimba la phiko lamkati, kutuluka kwa mapiko kumapiko pa nthaka.

Kutsekedwa kwa zowonjezera kumalimbikitsa kumasiyana kuchokera 30 ° mpaka 72 °.

Luso linali losakayikira, koma chaka chonse chotsatira chinali chopititsa patsogolo ntchitoyi.

Kutalika ndi mawonekedwe a mapiko a phiko anasintha kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe la aerodynamic. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mbiri yodabwitsa kunayenera kuwonjezereka kuthamanga kwachangu. Kafukufuku wapangidwa momwe mapiko a mapiko angakhudzire ntchito ya zomera ndi mchira wokhoma. Kupitiliza ntchito pa kusankha mawonekedwe a phiko, pofuna kuonjezera kukhazikika ndi kuyendetsa makina.

Mpangidwe wokongola kwambiri wamagetsi a glider anasankhidwa kuti awonjezere misa yobwereranso mafuta.

Gwiritsani ntchito nkhumba

Zonsezi zinayesedwa mmagalimoto a TsAGI. Chotsatira chake, akatswiri adapeza kuti ndegeyo ilibe bwino, pali chisokonezo cha osachepera 5%. Zinasankhidwa kupititsa patsogolo chigawocho.

Chotsatira chake, mu matembenuzidwe T-4MS anawonekera mvula yopingasa ndi mphuno yaitali. Muyeso limodzi, mphuno inalinso ndi mawonekedwe onga singano. Komabe, kuti pakhale chitukuko chitukuko chinapangidwa, momwe mphuno inali yochepa kwambiri, kupatulapo kuchokera ku fuselage yobereka panali zowoneka zokhazokha, mchira wokhoma ndi mphete ziwiri, zowona mapiko olimbikitsa. Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kunaperekedwa ku vuto lochepetsa kuchepetsa ma radars a adani.

Kufotokozera kwa bomba la T-4MS

Ndegeyo iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito anthu atatu, omwe ankakhala mu nyali yopanda mphamvu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, woyendetsa sitimayo, woyendetsa sitimayo ndi woyendetsa sitimayo amayenera kuwuluka mu spacesuits, ngakhale kuti chipinda cha zipinda ziwiricho chinali chotsitsimuka. Chipinda cham'mbuyomo chinali cha oyendetsa ndege, ndipo chipinda cham'mbuyo chinali cha woyendetsa. Popeza kuti nyali sizinathenso kuphulika, zinkaperekedwa kuti apititse patsogolo malingaliro awo panthawi yopuma komanso kubwera.

Mipando yamakono inapereka mpumulo wotetezeka wa ndege pamtunda uliwonse ndi mofulumira, kuphatikizapo kukwera ndi kuchotsa.

Zipangizo zamagetsi zam'mailesi zinali m'kati mwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ndege, kayendedwe ka ndege, mauthenga a pailesi ndi machitidwe otetezera, makompyuta, zovuta kuona zolimbana ndi chitetezo, kayendedwe ka kubereketsa ndi kusokoneza missi.

Miyeso yonse ya ndegeyi, yomwe imatchulidwa ngati woponya mabomba otchedwa intercontinental bomber, anali:

- kutalika - 41.2 mamita;

- kutalika - mamita 8;

- kutalika kwa phiko lalikulu ndi 14.4 mamita;

- Wingspan pangodya ya 30 ° - 40.8 mamita;

- dera la mapiko ndi phokoso lakutaya kwa 30 ° - 97.5 mita za mamitala.

Kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwake kwa ndegeyi kunali matani 170.

Chomera cha mabomba

Mu gawo la mchira, mu gondolas awiri, osiyana, magawo anayi a NTR-101 anali awiriawiri. Cholinga cha aliyense payekha chinali makilogalamu 20,000. Ankaganiza kuti injiniyo idzaphatikiza ubwino wa injini yoyendetsa ndege paulendo wothamanga paulendo paulendo wopita kumalo othamanga ndi kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono panthawi yomwe ikuyenda mofulumira komanso kuthawa.

Gondolas anali ndi injini iliyonse yomwe inagawanika pang'onopang'ono.

Kuwonjezera pa injini, chomeracho chinaphatikizapo njira zowonjezera ndegeyo ndi mafuta pansi ndi mlengalenga, kuyendetsa injini, kuthamanga kwa mafuta, kutentha, ndi kuzimitsa moto.

Mitengo yambiri ya mafuta inali m'zipinda zamkati.

Dera lamtundu wa ndege

Ndegeyo inakonzedwa kuti ipite maulendo ataliatali. Malingana ndi kuwerengera, amatha kuwuluka popanda ndege yowonongeka ndi matani okwana 9 paulendo wopitirira 900 km / h (subsonic) 14,000 km, ndi 3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9,000 km.

Pamwamba pamtunda, wopha mabombayo amatha kuuluka pamtunda wa makilomita 3.2,000 / h, pamtunda - 1.1 zikwi / h.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, kutalika kwazitali, malinga ndi momwe ndegeyo ingatulutsire, inali 24,000 m.

Ndili ndi misa lalikulu chotero, kuthamanga kwa kutalika kwake kunali mamita 100, ndipo kutalika kwa kuthamanga kutatha kunali 950 m.

Zida m'bwalo

Bomba loyesa kuti bomba linali matani 9 a mabomba omwe amagwa ndi ufulu.

Amene akufuna kuti apite ku T-4MS azitenganso miyendo iwiri kapena inayi yaitali kwambiri ya X-45 Molniya, yomwe inapangidwa makamaka pa ntchito ya T-4, ndi dongosolo la ARRLSN ndi dongosolo lopambana kwambiri lopweteka. Chiwonetsero chawo chinali chithandizo cha wailesi. Kutalika kwa rocket kuli pafupi mamita 10, chiyambi choyamba ndi matani asanu, malipiro ake ndi 0,5 t. Kuthamanga kwake kuli makilomita 1,5,000, liwiro la ndege likufika pa 9,000 km / ora.

Komanso zida za ndegeyi zinali ndi miyeso ya 24 X-2000 yomwe ili ndi NJIRA yotsogoleredwa ndi INS, yomwe ili ndi makilomita 300, liwiro la ndege pafupifupi 2 M ndi kuyamba kwa tani imodzi.

Mitundu yambiri ya zida, mfuti, mabomba a mlengalenga, mabomba a mine-torpedo, mabomba a nthawi imodzi anali m'zipinda ziwiri zamkati zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chitetezo cha kutentha, kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka zowonongeka.

Zotsatira za mpikisano

Mpikisano umenewu unaperekedwa, kuphatikizapo ana a PO Sukhoi, bomba lamakono Tu-160M lopangidwa ndi OKB AN Tupolev ndi M-20 kuchokera kwa VM Myasishchev.
Mapulani anamveka ku MAP ku Scientific and Technical Council m'chaka cha 1972.
Asilikali okwana 160 analetsedwa poyamba chifukwa chofanana kwambiri ndi ndege. M-20 amakhutitsidwa ndi asilikali, koma ofesi yatsopano yopangidwira sankakhala ndi zipangizo zopangira makina opanga.

T-4MS inakopeka kwambiri ndipo inadziwika ngati yabwino, koma ... Pa nthawi yomweyi, msilikali watsopano anamangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi PO Sukhoi motsogoleredwa ndi PO Sukhoi, yomwe inasindikizidwa pansi pa chiwerengero cha SU-27, ntchito inakonzedwa kuti apange kusintha kwa asilikali a Su-24 omwe alipo Ndipo Su-17M. Ofesi ya Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zogwira Ntchito Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zogwira Ntchito Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Madzi

Choncho, polojekitiyo inapambana kukonza kwa OKB Sukhoi PO, ndipo ntchito yowonjezera inkachitidwa ndi Design Bureau ya AN Tupolev. Ndipo mkulu wa asilikali a P. S. Kutakhov adapempha kuti atumize zipangizo zonse ku Tupolev, koma anakana ndipo anapitiriza kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chawo.

Choncho, ndege yomwe ili ndi malipiro ofanana komanso othamanga paulendo wautali, koma ndi kuthawa kwakukulu kwambiri ndi 35%, ndipo kusiyana kothamanga kopitirira makumi asanu ndi limodzi, kuposa momwe zingagwiritsidwire ntchito mu Air Force, zikhoza kutengedwa ngati zolembazo zatha. Sukhoi.

Pambuyo pa mapeto a mpikisano, ntchito yomanga T-4MS inaletsedwa. Ndegeyo sinayambe yamuwona mlengalenga, koma malingaliro omwe anabadwa panthawi ya chitukukocho anapeza mawonekedwe awo mu Tu-160 yemweyo, ndi asilikali a Su-27 ndi Mig-29. Mwinamwake iwo adzakhalanso nawo mu ndege ya m'nthawi ino.