Kodi zophiphiritsa mabuku. Kuyambira kalekale mpaka pano

Zophiphiritsa (ἀλληγορία) - ndi njira luso, zimene zimathandiza kuti afotokoze maganizo umboni kupyolera mu fano. Zophiphiritsa zaluso Nkhani anaonekera kale mabuku tanthauzo lake masiku ano. Mu zipembedzo zonse ndi zikhulupiriro linapangidwa kuti afotokoze mphamvu za chilengedwe. Aliyense mchitidwe anali chimake ake - umulungu. Kudzera chongoyerekezera Iliad, ndi Odyssey, ndi epic wa Keret, Gilgamesh, ndi ena. Nthano anapereka Nkhani expressiveness kumva.

Kodi zophiphiritsa mabuku pa siteji oyambirira, Tingaone mu Uthenga Wabwino. Ophunzira a Khristu - asodzi osaphunzira ndi amisiri amene ali kutali ndi malingaliro chabe. Kusonyeza iwo akamanena za ziphunzitso, Yesu anagwiritsa ntchito fanizo, kupezeka mu kumva: m'busa, nkhosa, wofesa.

Kale luso Greek mu mtundu uliwonse asangalala kale kwambiri ndipo anali makamaka wapadera wa anthu ophunzira. Apa chongoyerekezera ulaliki wa mudziwe amatenga luso. Kodi zophiphiritsa mu mabuku a akale nthawi Tingaone chitsanzo cha nthano Aesop a. Kugwiritsa kufanana kwa anthu ndi nyama, nthano wolemba mwachidule makamaka khalidwe chilema ndi gulu lonse la monga ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuseka zinachitika, izo ziwole mlingo nyama. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo pang'ono masks kuukira munthu, potero kupewa mikangano lotseguka.

Middle Ages. Europe amakhala pansi kuponderezana mumamva za kusaka, kuti momasuka malingaliro oopsa. Apa ntchito ndi kunena mfundo mu mawonekedwe zithunzi M'malo mwake - kwa chinthu, kuti ankakwanitsa Anayambitsa. chilankhulo Aesop kuti olemba wobwezera Zimatheka zimasonyeza maganizo. Zophiphiritsa za Ages Middle wachisoni, nadzadzidwa ndi mantha, lingaliro la kutaya mtima ndi kugwetsedwa mphwayi aliko. Kodi zophiphiritsa mu mabuku akale Tingaone mu ndakatulo Dante a "Divine Comedy."

M'firiji pamtunda kumayambira Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pafupi nthawi yatsopano. kumatikumbutsabe ake kuoneka bwino bwino zitsanzo za wotchuka kwambiri mu chikhalidwe dziko chongoyerekezera ndakatulo - ". Faust" Goethe a Kunja kwa mdima wa scholasticism, potulutsa mzimu hobbled, kumverera kuthedwa nzeru zake ngwazi azindikira kufunika kuwala, ufulu ndi chimwemwe kwa onse. Kwambiri chilengedwe "Chakale Walpurgis Night": Mu chaputala ichi, kuwerenga molakalaka kuli ufulu ndi chibadwidwe ambiri ophiphiritsa umunthu - yakale yoyendera classicism.

Kodi zophiphiritsa mu mabuku Eastern, ndi bwino kuonekera pa zitsanzo za Chichaina, ndi Chijapani: ngati wakale malemba Indian mzimu wa pafupi kwa Asia Minor ndi akale (zithunzi ndi zowonera), zikhalidwe oyandikana mu malo oyamba ndakatulo nthano chabe. Amaganiza pano poeticize onse moyo, mediocrity - chifukwa cha mafano condensed.

The Soviet Union. M'dziko lolamuliridwa ndi osasinthika nomenclature kuthamanga, kutsegula yekha kutamanda dongosolo ndi kuponyera matope maganizo adani. Writers amene musalekane mu azimuth maganizo, kusinthana kwa chilankhulo cha Aesop. Ndiko kuti, kachiwiri, zophiphiritsa. Zitsanzo mabuku - "Master ndi Margarita" prose Pasternak ndi Platonov. Amphamvu chongoyerekezera chisankho - ndakatulo komaliza "Moscow-Petushki" V.Erofeeva anayi infernal boma ophatikizidwa khalidwe asiye ngwazi choboolera "mu mmero."

Nthawi ya postmodernism. Kachiwiri, mu ulemu nthano chabe. Zitsanzo kuchokera mabuku - mankhwala Pelevine ndi Sorokin. Kwa kanthawi pendulum ndi otkachnulsya: Sitiyenera chinthu malingaliro ndi yobereka limaonetseratu.

Soviet mlatho pakati panopa lothandiza ndi zitsulo ntchito ndi B. Strugackih. Yopeka amangoganiza kuti akumana ndi tsogolo. Zinalembedwa kalekale, "chovuta kukhala Mulungu" ndi "lokhalamo Island" - pa zophiphiritsa momveka bwino Russia lero.