R-500 ndi rocket yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yowonongeka. Mtsinje wa Russia wokwera maulendo apakati

Mu 2011, pulogalamu yatsopano yowonjezera boma inakhazikitsidwa chaka cha 2011-2020 (nthawi yomaliza yomwe ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto azachuma ikhoza kutha). Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi, zida zowonongeka ndi zatsopano zamakono zilipo. Zilembo zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pa zida zatsopano za ankhondo a Russia.

Kuwongolera Asilikali Olimbana ndi Osowa

Kumapeto kwa 2014, Chief of General Staff Valery Gerasimov anafotokoza mwachidule zankhondo zamakono m'chaka chathachi. Ponena za zida za missile, adanena kuti dziko la Russia linalandira miyendo makumi atatu ndi eyiti yotchedwa intercontinental ballistic. Maselo otetezera ndege amadzaza ndi mivi yamakono yotsutsana ndi ndege. Mabomba awiri amasinthidwa ku Iskander-M.

Ananenanso za momwe zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo zimagwirira ntchito, kuti: Navyanja yotchedwa Novorossiysk, oyendetsa sitima zam'madzi ndi zombo zam'madzi Severodvinsk, sitima zazing'ono za missile Uglich ndi Grad Sviyazhsk. Kuwonjezera apo, dongosolo lomwe limachenjeza za kuukiridwa kwa missile likukhala bwino.

Kodi "Iskander"

Za "Iskander" adadziwika koyamba pa chithunzi cha MAKS-99 chawonetsero chowonetserako ndege ku Zhukovsky, Moscow Region. Sergei Ivanov, yemwe panthawiyo anali Mtumiki wa Chitetezo ku Russia, adanena kuti makinawa adzagulitsidwa kuyambira 2005.

Otsogoleredwa ndi Iskander anali msilikali wovuta 9K714 "Oka", wopangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi wopanga dzina lake. Wosagonjetsedwa. Tsogolo la "Oka", komabe, linasokoneza.

Mu 1987, a pulezidenti wa USSR ndi United States, Gorbachev ndi Reagan anasaina Pangano la Kugonjetsa Makasitoma Azing'ono ndi Akumadzulo. Nkhondo ya nyukiliya ya mtundu wa nyukiliya inaletsedwa, koma chifukwa cha zochita za utsogoleri wa USSR, zida zofunika kwambiri zankhondo zowatetezera dzikoli zinaletsedwa. "Oka" adatchulidwa koyambirira mndandandawu ndipo anali kuwonongedwa. Mu 1989, mazana awiri mitsuko ndi zana zana ziwiri zinawonongedwa.

"Iskander's" hysteria

Ophunzila Invincible adakwanitsa kubwezeretsa zovutazo, zomwe zimatchedwa "Iskander" (zomwe zikutanthauza kumasulira kuchokera kwa "wopambana" wa Chitata). Zovuta zatsopano, zowoneka bwino, zili ndi luso komanso luso labwino poyerekeza ndi lisanayambe. Komabe, malingaliro onse oyambirira, omwe anaikidwa mu "Oka", adapeza kupitiriza kwawo ndi chitukuko mu "Iskander".

Mu chisangalalo chokwanira, akuluakulu a ndale a Kumadzulo adalongosola za kutumizidwa kwa Iskander ku Russia, m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad, pa November 5, 2008. Chisangalalo chimenechi chinali chogwirizana ndi zomwe amapeza pamene akunena zida za nyukiliya za ku Syria. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, msilikali wa R-500 Iskander wakhala wodandaula kwambiri ku NATO ndi United States m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, pamene inali nthawi yoti athetse mikangano yatha.

Koma kodi anachita zotani? Chavuta ndi chiyani? Ndipo zoona zake n'zakuti mizati yazing'anga za Iskander ndizovuta. Izi ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Msilikali woyendetsa sitimayo amatha kuyenda mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe sizingakwanitse kukwaniritsa msilikali wina aliyense padziko lapansi.
• Ngakhalenso ngati zomwe zinalipo kale zingatheke, zingakhale zosatheka kuzizindikira ndi zida zowonongeka.
• "Iskander" amatha kutaya zolinga zomwe zimangotengera mdaniyo, komanso kukhazikitsa chisokonezo cha wailesi ndikuchotsa ma radiator onse omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi makina a chitetezo.

Choncho, chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili pamtunda wa makilomita mazana asanu chingathe kuwonongedwa ndi zovuta za Iskander ndi pafupifupi zana limodzi.
RK yothandizira-njirayi ndi ya mitundu itatu: Iskander-E, Iskander-M ndi Iskander-K.

"Iskander-E"

Njirayi yapangidwa kuti iwonongeke. Zizindikiro zake zazikuluzi ndi izi: makilomita mazana asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi mulu wa gawo lalikulu la mazana ana makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu; Liwiro la kuthawa ndi 2100m / sec.
Mabokosi ophatikizapo misomali akuphatikizapo komiti yokhayokha, gulu lodzipangira okha, lolemba ndi ogwira ntchito ndi makina oyendetsa galimoto, mafoni ogwiritsira ntchito maphunziro, maphunziro omwe amapereka zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zamakono ndi zamakono.

Iskander-M

Baibulo la "Iskander" ndilo lopambana, lovuta kwambiri, lokhudza ntchito zapakhomo. Pachifukwa chake, njira yotumizira kunja idapangidwa - Iskander-E.

Iskander-M sichinthu chowonekera poyerekeza ndi chakalecho ndipo amatha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri pakhazikitsidwe komanso pamapeto omaliza. Utsogoleri wake umagwirizanitsidwa, ndi optical ndi laser homing, wailesi kukonza ndi GPS.

Rocket R-500

Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Iskander-M missile system. Ndipo mabomba okwera maulendo a R-500 apangidwa kuchokera mu 1998.

Mabokosi amenewa amalemera makilogalamu mazana anayi mphambu asanu ndi atatu, amagwira mtunda wa makilomita mazana asanu ndi mphindi makumi awiri mphambu zinayi, mothamanga makilomita mazana awiri ndi makumi atatu mphambu makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi pamphindi. Ngakhale poyambira komiti yazitaliyo inakonzedwa ndi Iskander-M, kenako idasinthidwa kuti isanduke Iskander. Mayesero oyambirira ndi machitidwe abwino adapita ku Kapustin Yar mu 2007. Kumeneko, rocket R-500 inasonyeza makhalidwe ake onse abwino.

Njira yowonongeka kwa makompyuta ingakhale yochokera ku GSP ndi makina a makompyuta. CU sichisiyanitsa. Njira yotsegulira ikugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe kazeng'onoting'ono. Deta yowonongeka imangowamo misala yomwe ili pamalo osakanikirana mkati mwa SPU. Kulowa kwadzidzidzi kumachitika mwamsanga ndipo kungasinthidwe isanayambe.

"Dziko lapansi"

Mipukutu ya pansiyi imakhala yogwira ntchito, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugonjetsa zolinga pansi ndipo imayambanso kuchokera pansi. Dzina ili, pamodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "dziko lapansi-mpweya", ndi zina zotero, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia, ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ku USSR. Choncho, malinga ndi mawu a Chirasha, mawu akuti Iskander R-500 ndi misampha yozungulira. M'mayiko ena, amatchedwa njira yongopeka kapena yogwira ntchito.

"Iskander-K"

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri cha Iskander-M chinakhazikitsidwa mu 2012. Ankatchedwa Iskander-K. Zida zowonongeka zogwiritsa ntchito, monga P-37, zogwira ntchito. Choncho, n'zotheka kuwombera mofulumira komanso molondola pazeng'onoting'ono. Ng'ombe ya R-500 ikhoza kuthawa pamtunda wa mamita asanu ndi limodzi. Lili ndi GOS pamodzi ndi nkhondo zosinthika. Zovutazi zingathe kuwombera miyeso iwiri pazinthu zosiyana ndi mphindi imodzi.

Mphindi wa "Iskander"

Malinga ndi akatswiri ankhondo, ngati nthawi imodzi mumagwiritsa ntchito Iskander-M ndi Iskander-K, mumakhala ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe palibe chitetezo cha msilikali chingagonjetse. Pamene Iskander yapamwamba kwambiri youluka yomwe imakhala yofanana ndiyo koma ikuuluka pamtunda wa mamita asanu ndi limodzi Iskander wa mtundu wina adzawatsogoleredwa ku chithunzithunzi chomwecho, icho chidzagunda ndi mwayi waukulu kwambiri.

Malawi a "Iskander"

A US anachitapo kanthu pazitsulo zonse zowankhulana posakhalitsa pamene Russia idagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Iskander m'dera la Kaliningrad, kulimbikitsa kuti lisasokoneze mkhalidwe wa ku Ulaya. Poland ndi Latvia zinafotokozanso kuti akudandaula pankhaniyi, ponena kuti zochita zoterezi sizitsogolera kuyanjana ndi mgwirizano ndi NATO ndi European Union. Zimene Azerbaijan anachita zimatithandizanso, pambuyo pa milandu imeneyi ku Armenia. Zonsezi zowopsya zomwe zinkachitika pasanapite nthawiyi, mbali yomweyo zinatha.

M'chaka cha 2014, Pulezidenti atamaliza ku Russia, pulezidenti adavomereza kuti ntchitoyi ichitike ku Crimea. Mphepete mwa maulendo a R-500 ndi sitima za Iskander sizikanatha kuchoka ku Ulaya ndipo United States alibe chidwi. Ndipo zomwe iwo anali atachita kale zinali zowakomera ndi zokhumudwitsa kale. Ndipotu, kuoneka kwa zida zoterezi ku Black Sea kunasintha kwambiri mphamvu ya NATO.

Purezidenti wa Russia akulandira zodzudzulidwa kuti chisankho choterocho ndichabechabe komanso chonyenga. Zikuoneka kuti zimapatsa Russia mwayi wopita ku mabungwe a NATO.

Palibe chomwe mungayankhe kwa Iskander. Chifukwa chake kufulumira kwakumadzulo kumalo osungirako malo a Russia kumadera ake. Komabe, zaka khumi zapitazo, zinanenedwa kuti makonzedwe a zida za Iskander adzayendetsedwa poyankha NATO kutetezera mpweya ndi chitetezo cha missi pafupi ndi malire a Russian. Ndipo izi zinachitika. Chisangalalo chodabwitsa kwambiri ku NATO chinali chotheka kupezeka kwa Iskander: ku dera la Kaliningrad ndi ku Crimea.