Mitundu ya Irbit Motor: Mbiri, Zamakono

Mitengo ya njinga yamoto ndi yokhayokha padziko lonse chifukwa cha kupanga kwakukulu kwa njinga zamoto. Chizindikiro "Ural" chikufanana ndi mkulu patency, kuyenda ndi khalidwe labwino. Zogulitsa 99% zimatumizidwa. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti chitsanzo cha Ural chinakhala chikhalidwe ku US, Australia, Canada pamodzi ndi Harley-Davidson, Brough ndi Indian.

Mbiri Yakazitape

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, atsogoleri a asilikali a Soviet anatsimikiza kuti asilikaliwa analibe magalimoto osavuta kuti adziwe, kulankhulana, kubweretsa zida, kuthamanga kwazitali zamatabwa, komanso kuthandizira matanki. Magalimoto a zaka zimenezo analibe makhalidwe ofunikira, anali otsetsereka m'matope, anali otchuka kwambiri pankhondo. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akavalo kunali kale kuti ndi anachronism.

Magalimoto okhala ndi sidecar, omwe anawonekera m'magulu a ku Germany, anali njira yabwino. Komabe, zinali zosavuta kuzipeza. Ndipotu, cholinga chake sichinali kungogula ngongole ya magalimoto atatu "oyendetsa galimoto", koma kukhazikitsa zoweta. Ntchito yapadera inagwiritsidwa ntchito kugula magalimoto asanu a BMW R71 ku Sweden ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwawo ku USSR. M'tsogolo, chitsanzo chokonzedwanso cha "kavalo wachitsulo" wotchedwa M-72 chinayamba kupanga kampani yopanga galimoto ya Irbit. Mwa njirayi, BMW R71 inakhalanso chitsanzo cha njinga zamishonale za ku America za Indian ndi Harley-Davidson.

M'misewu ya nkhondo

Ponena za mabungwe ambiri, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse inachititsa kuti ipangidwe kampani yopanga njinga zamoto ku Irbit pansi pa kutetezedwa kwa mapiri a Ural. Mu 1941, ma workshop a Moscow Motozavod anatumizidwa apa. Ndinayenera kubisala komwe ndinkayenera. Makina akuluakulu adatumizidwa ku kalembera, gawo lina la zipangizo zinali patali, pamtunda wa chomera.

Mgwirizano woyamba wa M-72, fakitale yatsopano ya galimoto ya Irbit yomwe inangopangidwa kumene inayambika pa February 25, 1942 - patapita miyezi yochepa kuchokera pamene anachoka. Zaka zonse za nkhondo antchito a fakitale amagwira ntchito mosasinthika, zoletsedwa. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa kupanga zipangizo 9799 za zipangizo. Magalimoto ankagwiritsidwa ntchito msilikali komanso pambuyo pa nkhondo yayikulu yadziko.

NTHAWI YOTENDA

Pambuyo pa nkhondo, antchito a fakitale anafuula momasuka. Mu 1947, mapulani adavomerezedwa kuti chitukuko chiwonjezereke. Panthawi ya nkhondo isanafike zaka zisanu, mtambo wa galimoto yamoto wa Irbit unalidi womangidwanso. M'masitolo atsopano zonse zinaganiziridwa makamaka kuti apange njinga zamoto. Ogwira ntchito akuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Ngakhale asilikali sankafunikira magalimoto ambiri, zipangizozo zinapezedwa mokondwera ndi mabungwe, ulimi, apolisi, nzika zodziwika. Mpakana chaka cha 1950, zithunzi zokwana 30,000 za "mtendere" zinachokera pamsonkhanowo. Mu 1955, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabala yomwe idapitilira m'misewu ya dzikoli. Anali M-72 ndi chimango chowongolera ndi mawilo, kupanga injini yabwino.

Mayesero Achilengedwe

Okonza IMZ pamodzi ndi NAMI anali kufunafuna njira zina za chitukuko. Maso ake anatembenukira ku makampani ogalimoto. Makamaka, chitsanzo chosadziwika cha kupanga basi ya ma basi yomwe ili ndi thupi la "carka" lapamwamba. Liwiro la makina pa maziko a M-72 linafikira 80 km / h.

Mzere woyesera umaphatikizapo galimoto yonyamula magalimoto anayi pamtunda - mpikisano wa UAZ. Pa galimoto yopita kumsewu, pansi pa dzina lofewa "Ogonyok", zida ndi injini zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi mafakitale a automobilite a Irbit, zigawo zosungira kuchokera ku "Moskvich 410" ndi ena opanga. Liwiro la 70 km / h linali lolandiridwa kwa anthu ammudzi.

Mwachimodzimodzi, pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka ankhondo, zida zochepa zowonongeka zinapangidwira-kuyendayenda kwa Project 032. Kukonzekera kuti achoke, kubweretsa zida ndi kuvomereza, zinali ndi zomangamanga. Ulendoyo unasunthira mbali ya kumanzere, ndipo dalaivala amatha kuyendetsa galimoto yonse yamtunda, akukwawa pansi. Komabe, mndandanda wa zoyesayesa zopangidwira sunapite.

Mitundu ya Irbit Motor: Ural

Anthu ambiri okhala mu njinga za olumala amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lakuti "Ural". Ndizosautsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi zopanda pake "M", ndipo zimatsindika kugawidwa kwa malowa. Dzinalo linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1961. "Ural M-62" inali ndi injini yapamwamba ya 650 masentimita ³ ndipo inali ndi malita 28. Ndi., Amene amaloledwa kupititsa ku 95 km / h. Pazaka zisanu zapitazi zoposa 140,000 njinga zamoto zomwe zili ndi "phiri" zimapezeka ndi eni ake.

Chizindikiro "Ural" chinakhala chizindikiro cha njinga yamoto yokhala ndi woyendetsa. Zomwe zinapangidwanso zinali zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera awiri omwe amapita kumalo osungirako ntchito. Pansi pa USSR, malondawo adakhalabe malo opangira makina opangira makina opanga 100,000 pachaka.

Ikani ndi kuchotsa

N'zovuta kunena ngati chomera cha motokari ya Irbit chinayesedwa nthawi. M'misika yamsika, makina opanga magalimoto oterewa sanadziwike. Maofesi ambiri atsekedwa, anthu 9,000 ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchito ochepa. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, malondawo anasinthidwa ku msonkhano wapamwamba wotsogolera. Rama ndi nambala zingapo zimapangidwa pa IMZ, zigawozo zimaperekedwa ndi amzake akunja.

Gululo linatha kubweretsa ubwino wa Mitsinje kufika kutalika kwake. Magalimoto amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri a ku America azilemekeza. Kutenga zida pansi pa chizindikiro cha Ural ku United States kumaonedwa ngati wapamwamba.

Mitengo ya Irbit Motorcycle Plant

Maonekedwe a Urals asintha pang'ono. Ndimapangidwe ka mpesa komanso mawonekedwe amphamvu omwe amakondweretsa ogula njinga zamoto. Koma khalidwe la zigawo zikuluzikulu zasintha kwenikweni. Nthaŵi ina njira yosavuta yalandira gloss chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chosungunuka chrome, kupititsa patsogolo mtundu wa pepala, tcherani tsatanetsatane.

Masiku ano IMZ imapereka ma wheelchair pansi pa dzina lakuti Ural:

• "Retro";
• "Retro M70";
• "Si";
• Patrol;
• Kutsekula.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mbali zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kukonza ndi zida zazing'ono zamakono. Mtengo wa zitsanzo ndi wapamwamba ndipo umadutsa 600,000 rubles. Komabe, okhulupirira okhulupirika a mtundu wamtengo wapataliwo amawononga telojiya siimatha. Irbit Motor Works pachaka amapanga pafupi masikito 1000 pansi pa dongosolo.