Mfuti yamakina "Maxim", American, English ndi Russian

Pa mapeto a Soviet filimu "Chapayev" khalidwe lalikulu amatenga nkhondo yomaliza mu chipinda cha White House chozunguliridwa ndi nyumba. Anthu ozungulira zimasintha galimoto yokhala ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito mfuti ndi ziphuphu kumbali zonse. Pali kulira kwa galasi losweka, ndipo kuchokera pawindo la mezzanine kumawoneka ngati kunjenjemera, kumenyetsa moto wakupha.

Apa Vasily Ivanovich akuyenda, manyazi manyazi zagrebyaya dzanja lokhalo lokhalo, ndipo kuchokera kumtunda ilo limathamangitsa Cossacks, mizere, itumidwa ndipo potsirizira pake ndi yolondola. Kuphatikiza zojambula zonsezi ndizokuti magulu onse omenyana amagwiritsa ntchito mofulumira - moto wodula zida - Maxim machine machine.

Anthu a Soviet anali otsimikiza kuti anali ndi nyumba yokhayokha, ngakhale dzina lake limawoneka ngati dzina losavuta la Russian. Kachiwiri, ndikukumbukira kanema wina, "Maxim's Youth". Zoona, ndipo malo odyera otchuka a ku Parisiyanso amatchulidwanso. "Kodi si kulemekeza mfuti ya makina?" - zodabwitsa za proletarian.

Chirichonse ndi chovuta kwambiri. Mfuti yamakina "Maxim" (pogogomezera pa syllable yoyamba) inatchulidwa pambuyo poyambitsa, American Hayram Stevens Maxim. Mu 1883, anapatsa ana ake ku US Army, koma anakanidwa. Dziko lamtendere la mafakitale, losiyana ndi Ulaya ndi nyanja, silinali kufuna kuti zida zankhanza zoterezi ziwonongeke.

Chinthu chinanso - Britain ndi madera ake onse, kumbuyo komwe diso ndi diso ... Kumeneko iwo anamvetsera mwatcheru kwa woyambitsa injiniya ndipo anafotokoza chikhumbo chokonza dongosolo la boma. Palimodzi ndi abale a Vickers, Hyrym Stevens analembetsa malondawo, chinthu chomwe chinali chipangizo cha "Maxim", chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri pa nkhondo ya Anglo-Boer.

Ndalama zogulitsa kunja zinayambanso. Zolemba zamakono za zitsanzo zatsopano zinali zapadera panthawiyo. Mphamvu yowonongeka idakali pa mtunda wa kilomita, mlingo wa moto ndi wofanana ndi wa Kalashnikov wamakono - maulendo khumi ndi awiri pamphindi.

Mfuti yamakina "Maxim" inali yosavuta komanso yodalirika. Poyendetsa kansalu ya cartridge ndi kutseka shutter, kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zowonongeka kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kutentha kwa mbiya kunkapangidwa ndi madzi, zomwe ziyenera kudzazidwa mumakina ozungulira. Kuwerengera kunatetezedwa ku moto wamoto ndi mfuti yodalirika ya mawonekedwe abwino. Zonsezi zinalumikizana kuti zithandize kukonzekera kumunda. Zida zamphamvu zinkanyamula ndi kanyumba kamakono kamene kanali kanyumba kamene kanakwera.

Zida zoterezi zinkachitika nthawi zonse zida za ku Russia, choncho mfuti ya makina Nthawi yomweyo atangolandira mayesero oyambirira mu gulu lankhondo la mfumu (zaka za m'ma 1900), asilikaliwo adawalemekeza. Analipira ndalama zambiri, ma ruble 500, ndipo pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zankhondo, mu 1910, kupanga kwake pansi pa chilolezo kunayamba ku Russia.

Kusintha kumene chiwonetserocho chinapweteka chokhudzana ndi kuthekera kosagwiritsa ntchito madzi okha, komanso chipale chofewa kuti chizizizira, chifukwa chaichi, khosi la casing linakula. Kuti tipeŵe kudalira muzinthu za zida, chiwerengero cha "Maxim" a Chirasha ku Tula chinasinthidwa pansi pa mzere wa mzere wa makina atatu.

Monga zodziwika bwino za zamisiri zamatsenga, mfuti ya makina imeneyi inali patsogolo panthawi yake. The Red Army ndi Navy ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mfuti makina "Maxim" mu Nkhondo Great Patriotic. Zida zotsutsana ndi ndege zokhudzana ndi sitimayi, zomwe zinapangidwa ndi mipiringidzo yokwana anayi, zinkathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi ndege zowonongeka ku Germany, ndipo mwaluso anagwiritsa ntchito luso limeneli pomenyana ndi zida zotsutsana mpaka 1944, pamene zojambula zowonjezereka zinkawonekera.