Mafomu chipolopolo yosalala-inabala ndi mfuti rifled

Zojambula ndi mitundu zipolopolo ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana options. Imakhala kugonjetsedwa odalirika pamaso pa nyama yoperekedwa kwa kusaka mu njira zachilendo kwa patali. Mafomu chipolopolo makhalidwe kupha ali m'magulu malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo structural. Choyamba, amanena magawano pawiri wosiyana kwambiri: chipolopolo ang'onoang'ono ndi neekspansivnye, ndi wamkulu - mopanda. Choyamba popanda mapindikidwe kapena kuwonongeka pamene kugunda, ndipo chachiwiri - kusintha mawonekedwe, kusintha awiri amene motero chifukwa chiwonongeko woopsa thupi nyama.

kamangidwe

Mitundu yonse ano zipolopolo alimbane za yemweyo: kwa Gawo lililonse - ndi pachimake ndi chipolopolo. chipolopolo wapangidwa umangokhala woonda zitsulo Komabe, ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuuma ngakhale mkuwa kapena faifi tambala siliva. Zitsulo casing ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse plankiruetsya mkuwa kuchepetsa mikangano. Phata nthawi zonse patsogolo, amene akhoza zimasiyana kuuma. Neekspansivnye mitundu zipolopolo anapanga ndi makulidwe chigoba cha mphamvu kwambiri ndipo mwinamwake kutsogolera pachimake ndi olumala pa amadza. Maonekedwe a zipolopolo amenewa angakhale osiyana - kuchokera pointy ndi anamaliza mutu mosabisa. maganizo mopanda kwa zipolopolo mfuti ndi zambiri zosiyanasiyana mu maonekedwe, koma ndi chizindikiro lamulo: chipolopolo chachikulu cha chipolopolo mutu ayenera adzatsegulidwa.

Pamene chipolopolo igunda nyama, zofewa kukhudzana pakati n'kosavuta kulankhula ndi minofu zofewa, deforming pachimake amene kuwononga Kakhungu, ndi deforms chipolopolo, chifukwa chimene kumawonjezera kwambiri mbali kutsogolo. Nthawi zina ntchito izi zimatengera pa wapadera mphero ngati kapu okuta chipolopolo atagonjetsa chulucho. Pali njira zina akwanilitse ntchito kukula bala woona muzithera chipolopolo likungosonyeza. Mu chithunzi munakwanisa kuona dongosolo limene amapangidwa mitundu yonse ya zipolopolo za mfuti. pansi iyi ikupita, ogive gawo nyumba poyambira kulimbitsa izo, poyambira kuti atakhazikitsa chipolopolo kudzanja, ndi m'chimake - zotsogola, kutsogolera pakati zokolola.

Mitundu, mitundu, magulu

Kapangidwe kuti amaonetsera chikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za chipolopolo mapindikidwe pamene kugunda, iwo anawagawa mitundu, ndi zambiri ndi dzina enieni aliyense. Ndi wokwanira kuona Catalogs ndi mabuku ena, kumvetsa mitundu zipolopolo kusaka kodi magulu. Ambiri zambiri, likugwirizana ndi wina zazikulu gulu. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo zofewa angatchedwe zipolopolo zonse zimene TACHIMATA ndi ananamizira aliyense kupeza chuma kapena lotseguka kwathunthu ndi ❖ kuyanika chosakwanira.

Zochita otchedwa mitundu zipolopolo rifled, kumene chirikati chamadzi m'mbali chipolopolo kapena kupitirira m'mphepete mwa iye mu mutu. Anatsegula envelopu ndi cavities osiyana mu pakati, kapena pakati pa izo ndi chipolopolo amatchedwa kapena mopanda kapena ndi dzina yeniyeni. Kenako ayankhidwa ndi anafotokozedwa ndi mayina ndi achidule panopa, kukhomera akalozera kwambiri, mitundu ya zipolopolo mfuti komanso mfuti, mfuti ndipo pneumatics. Padziko lonse analandira English ndi machitidwe German mayina amenewa.

Ndipamene chipolopolo 12 likungosonyeza

Chibwenzi, alenje amapereka makatiriji sitolo ndi liners pulasitiki, pepala ndi zitsulo. Iwo akuvutika ndi opanda utsi ndi fumbi wakuda. Pali mitundu 12 zipolopolo likungosonyeza anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa mtengo, chipolopolo ndi, buckshot kapena kachigawo. Ntchito ngati makatiriji muyezo, ndipo ndi mlandu kuchuluka kwa onga. Mkati, zitsulo kapena kutsogolera akhoza adzaikidwa mpirawo. Kusaka mfuti makatiriji ndi mikono 89, 76, 70 ndi 65 millimeters. Grapeshot chomwecho chipolopolo - 76 okha, 70 ndi 65. Kuti kusaka waterfowl, masewero ang'ono ndi zilombo ntchito nusu ya nambala 12 (theka millimeter) nambala 0000 (millimeters asanu). Chucks ndi nusu kugawidwa ndi manambala pa kukula kwa zipangizo. Mtunda kugonjetsa m'malekezero makatiriji kuthamanga - monga "Magnum". Komanso kutsogolera, zitsulo kuwombera kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Grapeshot katiriji pamafunika kusaka nyama zing'onozing'ono, buckshot kungakhale coherent kapena ayi, ndi kukula kwa nusu la Amayesetsanso ndi awiri ake. Apa, kachigawo mtengo wa millimeters zoposa zisanu. Chipolopolo katiriji ayenera kuti akaphe nyama zazikulu. Mitundu zipolopolo kwa mfuti 12 n'zotsimikizira: mawonekedwe yozungulira turnouts, ndi mchira stabilizer, chopangira mphamvu (kusangalala chimadza mpweya otaya), mfundo-chopangira mphamvu. Kulemba zipolopolo likungosonyeza 12 osiyana lolembedwa, lomwe limafotokoza mwachidule ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu katiriji kuti: Kusaka (cholinga), mtundu wa ufa, kukula kwa likungosonyeza amene malaya m'litali, nambala nusu. Kanjedza kudzanja akhoza zasiyidwa kapena, ngati katiriji lakonzedwa zogulitsa latsopano la Russia. Pakuti chilolezo katundu adzakhala kuchitidwa ndi makasitomala. Koma onetsetsani kuti akusonyeza nambala nusu - nthawizonse.

Muyezo: mitundu zipolopolo (chithunzi)

mlingo wapangidwa ndi alendo olumikizana kutsatilidwa ndi alenje, nadza ku 12 okha zipolopolo likungosonyeza.

1. Mtsogoleri "Glavpatron" (Tula) - wodalirika, wolimba, apamwamba, angakwanitse.
2. Mu malo chachiwiri CJSC "Tehkrim" (Izhevsk) - kusankha zikuluzikulu, kwambiri khalidwe.
3. Chachitatu mu mtundu makatiriji "Lazaro" (Togliatti) - zigawo zoweta angagulidwe.
4. Mu malo makatiriji chachinayi "nayonso" (kachiwiri Tula) - zabwino ndi okonzeka ndi chipolopolo, ndi nusu (chifukwa osiyanasiyana lalifupi).
5. Komanso, alenje kunena wabwino zipolopolo "Magnum" omwe anapangidwa kwa nusu ya zipinda zazikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe ndi chitsanzo kuchokera makumi magalamu makumi anayi.

Kugunda chandamale amaperekedwa ndi kukhudza kochepa pa mpirawo lapansi. Akulimbikitsidwa mfuti lolemera. Makatiriji ntchito yaing'ono-kakulidwe masewera - kalulu, nkhandwe, grouse, tsekwe. Ndithu makatiriji otchuka 12 "SCM" likungosonyeza, yopangidwa ndi zisulo kwambiri odziwika opanga yachilendo. Lidalembedwa wapamwamba kwambiri ufa. Kusaka kwenikweni kumasonyeza manambala malumikizanidwe masewera ndi mfuti. Mwachitsanzo, wakuda grouse, woodcock, bakha mamita 30-40 amafuna nusu ya manambala wachisanu ndi chimodzi kapena chiwiri. Mfuti chambered kukula 70 millimeters angagwiritse ntchito makatiriji "Tahoe" ku mpirawo chinayi, ndi chiwiri ndi nambala wachisanu.

pneumatics

Mitundu zipolopolo kwa airguns sali choncho ambiri. Komabe, iwo tsopano anagulitsa kuchuluka kwake, ndiponso osiyanasiyana mokwanira. The yofala kwambiri zipolopolo subsonic - "Diablo", omwe ndi ofanana ndi VOLANCHIK. Iye ali mutu kwambiri, ndi kuwala "chovala", chifukwa chimene chipolopolo imazungulira ndi limakhazikitsa ndege. Mikangano mwa mbiya akutembenukira otsika, amene kumawonjezera dzuwa la manja pneumatic. zipolopolo ntchito mfuti mkulu mphamvu, kuumba pafupi ndi moto, transonic liwiro analandira ndi mkulu ballistic koyefishienti. Komanso pneumatics ntchito kwambiri maholide ndi zosangalatsa: stun chipolopolo, "zida" ndi zina zotero.

Chipolopolo awiri lalikulu odulidwa bwino kwambiri mkati mbiya, iwo okhazikika, pafupifupi popanda kutaya mpweya mfuti kudzera njira. Iwo anapangidwa kuti mfuti mkulu zoyendetsedwa. Zidalira pa thunthu, makamaka osankhidwa aliyense chipolopolo. Ofooka pneumatic katundu chipolopolo si kumwazikana, ndi kuwala chipolopolo pa pneumatic mphamvu yomweyo kutaya liwiro zinthu molondola kutaya pa liwiro supersonic. Mitundu mfuti zipolopolo ndi osiyana ndi mfuti yokha ndi kuchuluka. Choyamba, ndi chipolopolo lightest. Izi mwina mipira 0.35g kwa mfuti kapena zipolopolo rifled. Heavy pneumatic amafuna makatiriji wapadera, ndiye kudzakhala kotheka kusaka pa ungulates. Mitundu zipolopolo kwa mfuti tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

zipolopolo Zitsanzo mikono

1. Kupfer Teilmantel Flachkopf (KTF) - zofewa mfundo chipolopolo ndi lathyathyathya pamwamba, chipolopolo zamkuwa ndi pakati patsogolo. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi kutsogolera ndi anaonetsera poyera, flattened, pang'ono akukankha mu khungu, zambiri, chifukwa chimene chipolopolo amakhala akuluakulu awiri. Kuteteza chiwonongeko chotheratu zipolopolo thicker chipolopolo mu theka pansi. Woyang'anira Bullets ili amphamvu osafunika. Ntchito manja pamodzi.
2. Teilmantel spitz (TMS) - chipolopolo, zofewa kwambiri mfundo, ndi poyera patsogolo pa mutu. chipolopolo mphuno ndi lakuthwa, pang'ono adzakhale. Lamba knurled chipolopolo limagaŵikira pawiri kumene kutsogolo wamfupi kusiyana kumbuyo. Woonda chipolopolo deforms kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa thicker chigoba cha chipolopolo akhala sichinasinthe. Izi ndi zabwino mu sitolo pamene kuwombera pa mtunda wautali. The mapindikidwe zimadalira mathamangidwe amadza.
3. Vollmantel (VM) alumikizana kwathunthu, pansi bwinobwino zinthu si anawonongedwa. Pamenepo pazipita ozama mphamvu zipolopolo, ndi bala popanda kuwononga zinthu zambiri minofu. Mungathenso sing'anga ndi yaing'ono-likungosonyeza zida ndi kusaka sing'anga-kakulidwe masewera.
4. D-chovala (DM) - awiri kumbuyo kwa emvulopu, ndiye chipolopolo mopanda kanthu. Mkati zitsulo za, kutsogolo lotseguka, mutu pakati woonda ndi recess conical, pang'onopang'ono kudutsa mu yamphamvu ya. Chipolopolo ndi taper izi n'zosiyana zikutanthauza anakumana ndi minofu ngati mbamuikha mu opanda kuwononga gawo kutsogolo limene amalandira bowa mawonekedwe, ndi kumakula awiri. Wapawiri chipolopolo kumbuyo gawo silinasinthe. Kwambiri knockdown amalola chipolopolo kusaka nyama zikuluzikulu ntchito kutseka mtunda kwa lalikulu ndi sing'anga likungosonyeza zipolopolo.

Kuwonjezera awa kwambiri wamba chipolopolo Teilmantel Rundkopf, Kegelspitz, NMoN (HP), Starkmantel, oponya labwino Geschoss, oponya Universal Geschoss, H-chovala Bleispitz, HMkH, VMS, VMR, DKK, Vulkan, Ndalama Zakunja, Mega, Alaska, Plastspitz, Orix, Silvertip, Torpedospitz, Nosler, PL, PLPCL, PSP Kore Lokt-CL, Mphamvu Lokt, Kore Lokt, SF, Hammerhead.

makhalidwe a

Ambiri a iwo ali pano (ndi ambiri) mitundu zipolopolo a theka awo mopanda. Kunja ndi kusiyana structural ali, koma okwana akadali kwambiri. Onse kutsogolo olumala, kuonjezera awiri a bala njira, aliyense amapulumutsidwa kumbuyo kwa chipolopolo, amene kusungabe chipolopolo ku chiwonongeko ndi amathandiza kudutsa kwambiri mu minofu. Yekha ndi apadera kwa pachyderms chipolopolo kumakoka, limene lakonzedwa kuti apange anakumana ndi makombo, osati kuchepetsa mphamvu ozama.

Mtunda wautali zipolopolo kuwombera ananena kugonjetsa mpweya kukana, motero kupulumutsa mlingo (palinso phirilo n'zosiyana kungathandize kwambiri). Pakuti zosiyanasiyana sing'anga ndi pafupi chipolopolo zopangidwa mosiyana: Amatsegula wachabechabe mu mutu ndi lathyathyathya anamaliza nsonga za baring patsogolo. Mitundu zipolopolo mfuti komanso ali osiyanasiyana ndithu. Choyamba, ichi ndi chipolopolo wa m'munda, m'modzi wa wotchuka kwambiri m'mayiko onse a CIS ndi Soviet Union. Chipolopolo muvi-mtundu ndi zinthu sichikupindulitsani, anagwirizana ndi mchira pulasitiki. Mutu mbali ya chidebe ndi pulasitiki, amene bwino katundu wa obturation. Mitundu ya zotsimikizira zipolopolo ngati ochepa.

Calibers njira yolimbanirana kwa mfuti rifled

Likungosonyeza - ichi ndi mtunda pakati amacheka nthawi zambiri imodzimodzi ndi awiri a chipolopolo pa. Ndi mukudalira izi zimagawidwa zida - yaing'ono-likungosonyeza, lalikulu likungosonyeza ochiritsira likungosonyeza. Woyamba asanu ndi theka millimeters, wachiwiri - kuchokera isanu ndi inayi ndi theka, ndi wachitatu - kuchokera naini kuti millimeters makumi awiri. Pa zida ndi zida zankhondo. Masiku ano, pali mfuti ndi rifled mbiya, malinga ndi kukula kwa chipolopolo lapansi.

Mwachitsanzo, mu n'zotsimikizira US akadali otsimikiziridwa mwa mainchesi (izo hundredths), ndipo mu England - mu thousandths la inchi. Choncho "cine" makumi asanu likungosonyeza amaliona monga 0,45 kapena 0,450. Mu Russia pamaso pa likungosonyeza lakuti yoyamba mfundo kutsogolo kwa chizindikiro ichi: .45 kapena .450, koma nthawi zambiri chabe ntchito inteja - 45. Werengani likungosonyeza. Nthawi zina ogula kulandira wapadera akuti chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva chithunzi: Super, .357 kapena bulu, .45. Mu 30s wa atumwi wotsiriza, likungosonyeza akuti ndi pang'ono, m'malo mainchesi millimeters.

Calibers wa makatiriji kwa mfuti

Calibers zida kusaka popanda kudula thunthu, amene ayitanidwa - smoothbore kuchititsa mosiyana. Kukula apa likhoza zikugwirizana chiwerengero cha zipolopolo wozungulira makilogalamu patsogolo, amene akhoza kugona mfuti. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti kuganizira chikhalidwe kuti zipolopolo adzakhala yemweyo, yosalala, n'lozungulira. Choncho likungosonyeza inversely njila kutanthauza iwo chiwerengero cha mfuti kusaka. Makumi awiri likungosonyeza, mwachitsanzo, zosakwana chopereka chakhumi, chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi ndi osachepera khumi.

Kusonyeza za n'zotsimikizira kwa zida zonse (ndi smoothbore ndi rifled), muyenera mwachindunji kutalika kofunika kudzanja, mwinamwake kudzakhala kovuta kukatenga inayake katiriji kwa chida makamaka. Masiku ano mlenje thambo izi - ndi likungosonyeza ambiri osiyanasiyana pali ambiri. Komabe, kwambiri adafunsira iwo - khumi n'zotsimikizira, chifukwa Choncho anafika kwa kusaka ndi waukulu kwambiri, koma osati nyama zazing'ono mbalame. Pasanathe zambiri chofunika gauges chachinayi, chakhumi, sate-chachiwiri, chifukwa cha ntchito yawo ndi mmene zinayenera yekha ena masewera, kusaka yopapatiza specialization.

masewera Big

Chance kuwombera chachikulu masewera wokonda imagwera zambiri. Makatiriji, pewani zipolopolo kusaka katundu zifunika payekha aliyense thunthu, chifukwa pali ena tolerances. Makungwa ngakhale likungosonyeza wina ndi osiyana kwambiri: osiyana ndi zitsamwitsa, ndi diameters wa njira mu thunthu, ndi zolowetsa kwa zipolopolo. Big masewera ndipo muyenera mfuti yaikulu, ndi chipolopolo ndi wabwino. Komanso, msaki wa afunika akonzekeretse manja awo zipolopolo zonse chida chake. Makamaka ngati iye akanati apite ndi masewera chachikulu.

chitsimikizo cha chitetezo ntchito zomera wapatsidwa zipolopolo pokhapokha ngati chida ali cylindrical mbiya porting. A pamanja zida kunyumba - Ndi osati luso zinthu makatiriji, komanso kudziŵa Sankhani ufulu chida kuti wake kuwombera pa makamaka nyama. Zolakwika zithetsedwe zipolopolo kupereka Timitengo pa nthawi yovuta. Nguluwe Mwachitsanzo, sadzakhala ndi kudikira mpaka reloads mlenje pambuyo Berdan mfuti kuwombera "mu mkaka." Adali awa mitundu zipolopolo kusaka chachikulu masewera (kwa mfuti): ozungulira, chopangira mphamvu ndi zipolopolo kuwombera mtundu.

magazini Special mabuku ake mobwerezabwereza anauzidwa kuti akukonda zipolopolo yosalala kwa yamazinga kupereka alenje zambiri zamakono. Mwachibadwa, zonsezi kuperekedwa konse zoona M'malo mwake - Umboni kwambiri m'munsi ndi mfundo anakambirana. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kupeza anavulazidwa nyama hoofed nyama, ngakhale pamaso pa bwino ntchito galu - vuto lalikulu ndi zambiri tangotaya nthawi ndi kuvutanganitsidwa. Koma carnivores - bulauni chimbalangondo Mwachitsanzo, ngati anavulazidwa, ndi loopsa wakupha munthu aliyense osati ngakhale amene anavulazidwa nyama. Choncho, kusankha zipolopolo - ndi wofunika kwambiri kukonzekera chotero kusakasaka.