Zida, zida ndi kuphana mphamvu ya Japanese Air Force: Akale ndi Ano

The mzaka zana makumi awiri inali nthawi ya chitukuko tima ya ndege asilikali m'mayiko ambiri European. Chifukwa cha Air Force anali kufunika States kuti mpweya ndi zida chitetezo cha malo chuma ndi ndale. Kukula kwa nkhondowo ndege unkachitika osati Europe. The mzaka zana makumi awiri - nthawi ya kuwonjezera mphamvu ya Japanese Air Force, zomwe boma ankafunanso kudziteteza, malo oonekera ndi zofunika boma.

Mmene onse anayamba? Japan mu zaka 1891-1910

Mu 1891, Japan ndi makina oyamba zouluka anali anapezerapo. Awa anali zitsanzo ntchito Motors mphira. Pa nthawi, analengedwa ndi ndege kwambiri, imene dongosolo anali ndi galimoto ndi pusher tinakwera. Koma mankhwala ndi Japanese Air Force sanafune. Ndege kubadwa chinachitika mu 1910, pambuyo kupeza ndege "Farman" ndi "Grande".

1914. The dogfight loyamba

Zoyesayesa oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndege Japanese asilikali anapangidwa September 1914. Pa nthawi kuti asilikali a dzuwa likutuluka, pamodzi ndi Britain ndi France anatsutsa Germany anakhazikika m'dera la China. Chaka pamaso zochitika izi Japanese Air Force zolinga maphunziro anapeza awiri awiri ndege "Nieuport ng" ndi chimodzi patatu "Nieuport ndi NM" 1910 kumasulidwa. Posachedwa aviaedinitsy awa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito nkhondo. Japan ndi mpweya mphamvu mu 1913, asanafike anali ndege zinayi "Farman", limene lakonzedwa kuti reconnaissance. Patapita nthawi, anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ntchito kunyanyala mpweya adani.

Mu 1914, German mpweya mphamvu ikuchitika kuukira zombo mu Tsingatao. Germany panthawi imeneyo kugwiritsa ntchito makina ake abwino ukuuluka - "Taub". M'kupita kwa ntchito imeneyi ndege Air Force Japanese ikuchitika 86 sorties padafika 44 mabomba.

zaka 1916-1930. The ntchito za makampani opanga

Pa nthawi imeneyo, makampani Japanese "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" ndi "Mitsubishi" akutsatiridwa kukhala wapadera zouluka bwato "Yokoso". Popeza 1916, opanga Japanese analenga ziwembu bwino ndege zitsanzo Germany, France ndi England. Izi zilili kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Popeza 1930, makampani ayamba kupanga ndege kwa Air Force ku Japan. Masiku ano, asilikali a boma ali pakati pa makamu khumi wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko.

zochitika za m'banja

Ndi 1936, "Kawasaki" Japanese makampani opanga, "Nakajima" ndi "Mitsubishi" ndege zoyambirira anamanga. Japan ndi Air Force kale amapasa-injini yoponya mabomba zoweta kupanga G3M1 ndi Ki-21 reconnaissance ndege Ki-15 womenya A5M1. Mu 1937, nkhondo pakati Japan ndi China mudakhumudwapo kachiwiri. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu wamba mwa makampani akuluakulu mafakitale Japan ndi kubwezeretsa pa boma pa iwo.

Japan ndi mpweya mphamvu. lamulo

Mutu wa asilikali mpweya wa Japan ndi likulu. Lamulo uli pansi kuti:

• nkhondowo thandizo;
• ndege;
• kulankhulana;
• maphunziro;
• gulu la chitetezo;
• mayeso;
• kuchipatala;
• Japan Air Force counterintelligence dipatimenti.

Nkhondo ya Air Force anapereka nkhondowo, maphunziro, mayendedwe ndi ndege wapadera ndi ndege za helikoputala.

Lamulo dongosolo ndege pamaso World

Kwa nthawi yaitali asilikali a ufumu wa Japan awiri yosadalira pa chilichonse zomangamanga ankhondo - Ankhondo ndi Bulu. Guide poyamba anafunafuna mayunitsi zawo pansi lamulo la ndege mayendedwe a katundu wawo. Kulenga onyamula choterechi Takinava mu munitions fakitale "nkhokwe №1", amene anali asilikali a dziko, bwino ndi reworked zonyamula ndi wamalonda alipo zombo. Iwo ali wothandiza njira zoyendera ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito yonyamula anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo magulu oti muli nazo zida pansi. Pa gawo la fakitale imeneyi inali airfield zomangamanga kuti amalola kuona mpikisano ndege.

Pamaso World nkhondo yoyamba gulu lankhondo ndege Japan anali asilikali wagawo zikuluzikulu - mpweya brigade wa Army. Mpheroyi squadrons (AE). Uliwonse uli ndege khumi. Awa, magalimoto atatu wachokera ku malo a. Nambala yomweyo anali munthu kugwirizana mzere Aviation Authority (LA) ndipo anali wamng'ono kwa General Wogwila. Aliyense squadron chinali choti ntchito makamaka: reconnaissance, womenya ndi ntchito legkobombardirovochnyh ya Japanese Air Force. Reconnaissance zipangizo ndi zida regiments owerengedwa mayunitsi 30 womenya - 45. apadera aviagroup anapanga magulu amene anali airfields awo, trims. Iwo anali mu Army Aviation Corps. Ndikwanitsa iwo alonda pamalo osati poyerekeza woyendetsa.

ziŵalo

Mu 1942, iwo inathetsedwa Army Aviation Corps. Only gulu, amene ndi ziwalo za regiments ndi wapamwamba lamulo Ntchito dongosolo. Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, onse ndege Japanese sanali mtundu osiyana asilikali, ndipo subordinated kwa Navy ndi asilikali a mfumu. Posakhalitsa reorganized asilikali ndege mayunitsi, chifukwa mu bungwe, kapena regiments (AA), ndi mlingo ntchito ndi njira:

• Choyamba Air Army (BA) ndi maziko m'dera chotchedwa Kanto ndi likulu ku Tokyo. Danae Japanese asilikali kulamulidwa ndi Kurile Islands, Korea, Taiwan.
• BA chachiwiri chilili Xinjing. Area udindo anali Manchukuo.
• Chachitatu mphamvu dziko VA kuyang'anira Southeast Asia dera. likulu ataima mu Singapore.
• Chachinayi BA ankalamulira New Guinea ndi Solomon Islands. likulu lili Rabaul.
• Chachisanu VA anali m'dera la udindo mu azikhala m'madera kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa China. Likulu - mu mzinda wa Nanjing.
• Chimodzi VA anali likulu lake pachilumba cha Kyushu. Ankalamulira dera - chilumba cha Okinawa, Taiwan ndi kumadzulo kwa Japan.

"Akadziphulitse powononga" Air Japan

Mbiri ya mawu lino mu 1944. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Japan anapanga ziŵalo ndege. Pamaziko a alipo regiments ndege analamula ng'oma Japanese mayunitsi wapadera inakhazikitsidwa. Iwo anali squadron wa zoponya mabomba ndi zikalata zofunikira anali kudziŵika monga squadron "akadziphulitse powononga". Ntchito yawo inali kuwonongedwa thupi mayunitsi yoponya mabomba a United States Air Force B-17 ndi B-29. Popeza ntchito yake Japanese ng'oma Special Gawo chitachitidwa ntchito omenyerapo nkhosa pa bolodi ndege awo analibe zida iliyonse.

Mapangidwe ake a mayunitsi amenewa ndi mmene ndege fuselage mtima umalimba. Mu mbiri yonse ya magulu mpweya wa Japan unakhazikitsidwa ng'oma oposa 160 ndege mayunitsi wapadera. Awa, 57 apangidwa pa maziko a kuphunzitsa magulu mpweya.

Mu 1945, ntchito ya zinachitikadi "Ketsu-pita" kutetezela zilumba kuti Japan ndi mphamvu mpweya wa United States. Chifukwa cha ziŵalo makamu onse amaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo limodzi pansi pa utsogoleri wa General Aviation M. Kavabe.

wosiyanasiyana lachitsanzo

Pakati zosiyanasiyana nkhondowo ndege ndege izo lofunika kwambiri Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Air Force, zimene anazipanga, ntchito chitsanzo ichi monga kuphunzitsa, komanso womenya-yoponya mabomba. ndegeyo imatengedwa kukhala wotsatira wa m'mbuyomu maloudachnyh zosinthika F-1, amene anali analengedwa ndi Mlengi Japanese "Mitsubishi". Kuipa, amene anali F-1 n'chakuti chitsanzo linatulutsidwa osiyanasiyana osakwanira ndi zazing'ono nkhondowo katundu. Pamene angagwiritse chitsanzo latsopano F-2 okonza Japanese, kutukula anali mchikakamizo cha ntchito American "Edzhayn Chimphamba". Ngakhale kuti kwaiye F-2 zowoneka amatikumbutsa zinachitika ake - chitsanzo American wa F 16, amaona latsopano kupanga Japanese, chifukwa ali kusiyana:

• Ntchito zosiyanasiyana yomanga. Mu kupanga chitsanzo Japanese amakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zipangizo zapamwamba gulu, amene kwambiri bwanji kuchepa thupi la airframe lapansi.
• Ndege Design F-2 isiyana ndi F-16.
• Various pa bolodi kachitidwe.
• Mosiyana ndi ku manja.
• F-2 ndi zinachitika ake amagwiritsa zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana.

Kapangidwe ka Japanese ndege F-2 akuyerekeza akutsutsana ndi zinachitika chifukwa kuphweka ake, tisaletse ndi kusinthasintha.

chitsanzo B6N1

Air Force la Japan mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anagwiritsa ntchito bwino sitimayo lake looneka zoponya mabomba B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Chiyambi cha makontena siriyo ndege imeneyi inayamba mu 1943. Pakutha autumn kuti inamangidwa ndege 133. Zitsanzo oyambirira squadron, zimene zinaphatikizapo ndege onyamula: 601 TH, 652 TH, ndi 653 TH. Popeza panali owononga ku US Air Force chilumba cha Bougainville, utsogoleri wa Japan ndege, anaganiza kusamutsa makumi B6N1 mayunitsi mu Rabaul. Mu November, ndi nawo chitsanzo ichi, woyamba mpweya nkhondo ija. Iwo anali nawo 16 zida "Tendzanov". Wa awa, Japanese Air Force anataya anayi. Yotsatira sorties awiri anali osamveka.

kamangidwe B6N1

• "Tendzan" yamphamvu injini okonzeka ndi mpweya kuzirala.
• Engine "Mamoru" timalembera pa 1800 L / s.
• Zipangizo nkhondowo ndege ankaimira chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi khazikitsa awiri 27,7 mamilimita likungosonyeza mfuti.
• B6N1 bomba katundu masamu pa makilogalamu 800. Izi zikuphatikizapo oponya (1pc) mabomba.
• Zonyamula mphamvu - anthu atatu.

The nkhondo Islands Mariana

Mu June 1944, Japan Air Force ntchito sitimayo "Tendzan" nkhondo pafupi ndi Islands Mariana. Total 68 mayunitsi anatenga gawo. B6N1 chitsanzo nkhondoyi anatumikira monga oponya-zoponya mabomba ndi atsogoleri Rada - iwo anali gunner kwa Percussion magulu apadera a ndege Japanese. Nkhondo imeneyi Japan ndi ndege yake anatayika. A mbali 68 ku kumbuyo eyiti okha maziko.

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Marianas ndege Japanese utsogoleri, anaganiza kuti chitsanzo ndege ntchito kokha mwa nyanja m'munsi.

The atasemphana wa USSR

Ndege "Tendzan" mu kumenyana Okinawa ankachitiramo zoponya mabomba ndi magalimoto akuti inakankhira. B6N1 ndege anali okonzeka ndi makina ounikira wapadera. Choncho Japan Aviation lamulo loperekedwa chitsanzo anauzidwa kuti 93 mamita kokutai (Air Gulu), womwe wapangidwa ndi odana ndi sitima zapamadzi kulondera. "Tendzany" apitambo ndi kokutai 553rd. Japan Air Gulu Air Force inkakhala magalimoto 13 nawo nkhondo ndege la Soviet Union.

Ngakhale magawo ake abwino luso, ndi Japanese "Tendzany" ali ndi mwayi, imene inali kusankha molakwika engine. Izi mochedwa ndondomeko B6N1 oyamba mu ulimi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chikalata chitsanzo kwambiri lagged kumbuyo ndege mdani.

Japanese mpweya zombo

Mu 1975, ntchito ya mphamvu mpweya wa Japan unali ndi anthu 45 sauzande. Nkhondowo zombo anali mayunitsi 500. Awa, 60 a omenyana makina F-4EJ, 170 mayunitsi F10- 4J ndi 250 F-86F. Ntchito kufufuza chitsanzo RF-4E ndi RF-86F (20 mayunitsi). Mu Japan Air kwa yonyamula katundu ndiwobvulazidwa inaperekedwa ndege makina 35 Helicopters 20 150 PU Zuri Hajk-J. Mu sukulu chilimwe, panali 350 ndege. Pakuti analamula pa kutaya lamulo Japanese mpweya anali airbases 15 airfields.

Mu 2012, chiwerengero cha anthu ali utachepa kuchoka 45 000 kuti 43 700. zombo N'zochititsa chidwi kuchuluka (200 mayunitsi).

Japan ndi Air Force lero ali mayunitsi 700, kuphatikizapo:

• 260 - ndi mwatsatanetsatane omenyana Mipikisano ntchito;
• 200 - stormtroopers ndi maphunziro maphunziro chitsanzo;
• 17 - AWACS ndege;
• 7 - chitsanzo onyamula wailesi nzeru;
• 4 - njira ya Pamadzi;
• 44 - asilikali zoyendera makina.

dongosolo silikhali

Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ndi kukula kwa zombo nkhondowo ndege zosonyeza lathu la mphamvu mpweya wa Japan si pa misa ndi mfundo polojekitiyi. Malinga ndi dongosolo latsopano chitetezo, ndi Air Force sadzachulukana mphamvu ya adziteteze, ndipo kusamuka squadron ake mwa kuika iwo pa malo pamalo abwino yabwino. Malo awa ndi chilumba Ryuko. Sitepe yachiwiri ku ntchito Air Lamulo adzakhala tikhale wachisanu-m'badwo womenya ndege.