Chizindikiro - Ndani uyu?

Anthu ambiri amene alibe ubale kwa asilikali, za chizindikiro ali ndi lingaliro yosokoneza kwambiri, zomwe zachitika pa maziko a kuonera masewero TV kapena kamodzi anamva anecdotes. Kwa iwo, chizindikiro - ndi bwino kupita-getter mu yunifolomu, zomwe zinachitikira "musaphonye wake", ndipo pa zikachitika - mtundu wa chadzaoneni yosamveka.

Koma zoona zake n'zakuti zinthu zosiyana.

Chizindikiro: tanthauzo

Mbiri ya mawu akuti "mkulu" kunayamba chinenero Church Chisilavo, imene "chizindikiro" otchedwa mbendera. Choncho, chizindikiro - mwamuna adanyamula mbendera. Koma mawu akuti "mbendera" likuchokera ku chizindikiro kuti "ndikudziwa." Kwa iye anabwera ndi mawu ena monga "mtengo", "bwino." Choncho, mbendera - khalidwe inamangidwa mu msinkhu chizindikiro, omwe amasonyeza umembala wa gulu lankhondo chake, "nkhope". Kupita kunkhondo, muyezo womunyamulira anali nthawi zonse patsogolo pa asilikali patsogolo, atanyamula mbendera. Ndipo pa nkhani ya imfa ya nkhondo mbendera ya wagawo asilikali Iye anali, inasokonekera mwamanyazi. Choncho, ife kusankha kwambiri olimba mtima ndi thanzi ndiponso khalidwe anthu oterowo ntchito yolemekezeka.

Chizindikiro mgululo ndi asilikali

Asilikali udindo "mkulu" anali koyamba mu 1649 wachiwiri wa mafumu a Romanov mafumu - Alexis. Ndipo unali mutu wa umafunika, wokhala nacho kuti udachita pa nkhondo ya mtima wake, kudzipereka ndi mtima. Koma Peter Ine, mwana wa Alexei Mikhailovich, amene analowa pa mpando wachifumu, kulenga latsopano asilikali zonse kusandulika mu 1712 mu udindo wa chilolezo mkulu wa asilikali udindo. Tsopano inasanduka junior kapitawo kagulu ka oyenda ndi apakavalo.

Mu 1884, kusintha zachitika kachiwiri. Mutu wa "chizindikiro" watha kukhala woyamba mwa alonda. Mu ankhondo izo m'malo ndi "mkulu" ( "mphalasa" mu apakavalo a). Komabe, ngati udindo kapitawo kupulumutsidwa ziweto ndi apolisi Caucasus asilikali. Komanso, dzina la "chizindikiro" angapatsidwe asilikali, makamaka kusiyana okha pa nkhondoyo.

Kuyambira 1886 mu chiwerengero junior wa asilikali mwayi kwa mutu wa chizindikiro ndi kudutsa mayeso wapadera, koma pambuyo pake, kale "anasiya", iwo ankayenera kuti kukayezetsa chaka ndi chaka zisanu ndi sabata usilikali.

kusinthasintha kupeza waudindo zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa Nicholas II. Mu 1912 mfumu anavomereza riziki amene analola ntchito mutu wa cadets chizindikiro sukulu asilikali ndi wapadera mu nkhani ya inapita kutulutsidwa (pambuyo pa miyezi 8 maphunziro) mogwirizana ndi yolimbikitsa a asilikali.

Choncho, pa 1914-1918 nkhondo "mopupuluma" chilolezo anapanga maziko a chibonga cha wolamulira, yosamalira mayunitsi yaing'ono kapena mfuti adalira.

zaka 55 popanda chilolezo ndi

Ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks (1917) Mulingo wa "mkulu" linathetsedwa, monga, ndithudi, ena m'gulu lankhondo. Kodi chidwi, Mtsogoleri woyamba mu Chief wa Red Army pambuyo chaka 17. anali N. V. Krylenko kuti pamene Nicholas II anangokhala chizindikiro.

zaka 55 wa Soviet Army panalibe bungwe la alonda chilolezo, ndi Utumiki wa chitetezo wa USSR yekha 1 January 1972 ndi dongosolo la mutu kumbuyo mu yausilikali dziko. Nkhondo Office ankaona kuti udindo imene akulu ndi lieutenants wamng'ono, adzatha gulu osiyana ogwira - ensigns (alonda chilolezo pa bulu). Choncho zinachitikadi kuti msilikali wamkulu - ndi mtundu osiyana asilikali simuli asilikali kapena alonda, koma amadziwitsidwa malire pakati pawo.

kuyesa wina kuchotsa chilolezo

Mu December 2008, Anatoly Serdyukov, amene panthawiyo anali Nduna ya silikhali, kachiwiri anaganiza liquidate mwambo wa chilolezo poganiza kuti iwo adzatha m'malo mgwirizano sergeants ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo anachotsedwa pa Russian asilikali za 140.000 asilikali unachitikira udindo wa "mkulu". Koma Sergei Shoigu, zikumuyendera Serdyukov mu April 2013, zimenezi linathetsedwa.

Komabe, makamaka chilolezo anali ndikusinthidwa malembedwe aantchito zopempha zapadera MO watsopano - "palibe nkhokwe."

malembedwe aantchito watsopano chilolezo

Lapangidwira kwa chilolezo (chilolezo), latsopano malembedwe aantchito okhudza zana posts, ndipo iwo onse a "nkhondo". Amene zambiri m'magulu awiri:

1. Commander (atsogoleri a platoon, magulu nkhondo, maofesi nkhondo, makina).
2. Engineering (Zamagetsi, Radio Head, ndi kuthula aakulu. Plommer, mutu wa. Mfundo, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Ndiko kuti, nsanamira zonse Serdyukov anaganiza 1 December kupanga anga, izo mwamtheradi si kutenga nkhani yakuti zimatengera wapadera sekondale maphunziro akatswiri kwa iwo. Kumenyana kutsogoleredwa ndi Shoigu vutolo pom'patsa NCO maudindo, omwe akufanana ndi mbiri zawo. maphunziro (mtsogoleri kumuwombera, nkhondowo galimoto, kazembe. kathakal. platoon, ndi zina zotero. d.).

Komabe alibe m'masitolo. Udindo wa "Mutu wa nyumba yosungiramo katundu" kuti kaye zilipodi, koma tsopano yekha za malo kumenyana - zida. Monga momwe zovala ndi chakudya, iwo anaganiza kupereka mu akatswiri Civil Service.

Mmene ankalimbikitsa kuti kaye wa asilikali

Panopa Russia pali masukulu 13 ensigns, kumene akatswiri a asilikali. Choncho, kupeza mutu wa "chizindikiro" mu ankhondo, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

• Kuloŵa usilikali usilikali. Kumeneko, kusonyeza mbali yawo bwino, kupempha olembedwa ndi lamulo mbali ya malangizo kuphunzira mu chilolezo sukulu. Koma pali chenjezo. Monga ulamuliro, lamulo akulingalira malipoti asilikali okhawo amene kale ankatumikira oposa theka ndi chifukwa.
• Ngati utumiki mwadzidzidzi kale kumbuyo, ndipo mu malo ankhondo ankafunitsitsa kupita ku asilikali pa mgwirizano, mwina yomweyo kulengeza kuti akufuna alembetse m'sukulu ya ensigns popanda ndikutumiza unit asilikali.
• Pambuyo mapeto a mgwirizano ndi lipoti za akufuna kuphunzira m'sukulu ya ensigns mwachindunji kwa mtsogoleri wa wagawo wake.

Komanso pa yunivesite akhoza kulandira ophunzira, amene, ngakhale popanda likufa yolembedwa usilikali, koma analowa ndi kuphunzira pa yunivesite pa pulogalamu ya sekondale, anapereka ndi udindo wa chizindikiro. Choncho, Strategic chida Mphamvu Academy amakonzekera madalaivala zimango kachitidwe mafoni mzinga, momwe munakonzera kwathunthu kuthetsa ntchito positi NCOs.

Awaphunzitse ntchito chizindikiro sukulu

Maphunziro kusukulu ali mwachindunji amadalira zapaderazi asilikali, osankhidwa ndi wophunzira. Iwo akhoza kukhala miyezi 5-10, wophunzirayo kale anatumikira kulowa usilikali ndipo kale mbiri zapaderazi.

Mu chochitika cha kuphunzira "kuchokera zikande" (cadet analembetsa kuphunzira popanda likufa kuloŵa usilikali kapena alibe mbiri asilikali zapaderazi) nthawi kungakhale kwa zaka 2 ndi miyezi 10.

Kumapeto kwa mgwirizanowo sukulu chilolezo nkhondo ndi Utumiki Kudziteteza kwa nthawi ya osachepera 5 zaka.

chizindikiro lero

Mu zinthu ziliri ofala olakwika za chizindikiro monga woyang'anira nyumba yosungiramo katundu kukhala ogwirizana.

Today chizindikiro - ndi "techie", oyang'anira zovuta maofesi zida ndi kulankhulana asilikali. Kapoloyu amasamalira mayendedwe a adanyamula launchers, intrudes pamodzi ndi akapitawo ntchito nkhondo.

Chizindikiro mu masiku Russian asilikali ku wosamalira inasanduka katswiri weniweni asilikali.