General Carl Wolf: biography, mbiri, masiku aakulu ndi zochitika

Karl Wolf ndi mtsogoleri wa SS amene adadziwika kwambiri ku Soviet Union makamaka chifukwa cha wolemba Julian Semenov ndi buku lake "Masabata sevente a Spring", omwe adatulutsidwa zaka 12 za sewero la TV, lomwe linatulutsidwa mu 1973 m'dzikoli. Komabe, anali chabe khalidwe lachinyero, ndipo zenizeni zenizeni za Wolf Carl, masiku akulu ndi zochitika zomwe zinachitika mu moyo wake, zidzatchulidwa mtsogolomu m'nkhaniyi.

Kuyambira

Carl Friedrich Otto Wolf anabadwa pa May 13, 1900 ku Darmstadt (Ufumu wa Germany) kwa mlangizi wa banja pa milandu. Atakwanitsa zaka 17, anadzipereka kulowa usilikali. Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse iye adali ndi udindo wa lieutenant ndi mphoto ngati Iron Cross I ndi II madigiri.

Wolf adatha kudziyesera yekha ndi moyo wamtendere - inali malonda ndi mabanki. Maphunziro osankhidwawa sanapangidwe mwadzidzidzi: Izi zinaphatikizapo ukwati wake kwa mwana wamkazi wamkulu wa mafakitale a ku Germany - von Rentheld, womwe unachitika mu 1923. Posakhalitsa adatsegula yekhayekha akuchita malonda ndi ulaliki.

Ntchito

Mofanana ndi gulu lalikulu la asilikali a dziko lakale la Germany, Karl Wolf anali m'gulu la chipani cha Nazi. Mu SS ndi NSDAP adalowa m'malo mochedwa - mu 1931. Komabe, panthawi yochepa, adakwanitsa kupeza mbiri ya munthu wodekha, wodzidalira komanso wokondana naye, omwe adamukonda ndi kumulemekeza. Kumayambiriro kwa September 1933 adasankhidwa kukhala woweruza mwini Henry Himmler, Reichsfuhrer SS.

Tiyenera kunena kuti Wolfe Carl sanaphunzirepo za nkhondo. Sukulu yake inali nkhondo yokha. Kunena zoona, iye ankagwira nawo ntchito kubanki, makamaka, ndalama za SS. Zinali zosavuta kuti achite izi, chifukwa anali ndi zibwenzi zogwirizana ndi bizinesi ya Germany. Malingana ndi malipoti ena, ndiye amene adakhala woyambitsa wamkulu wa chilengedwe cha otchedwa Circle of Friends of the SS. Bungwe ili linaphatikizapo onse oyang'anira makampani osiyanasiyana, komanso anthu wamba, osati kuthandizira ndondomeko ya Nazi, komanso kuthandiza ndalama. Wolf inagwiranso ntchito kwambiri popanga zizindikiro za SS, zopangidwa ndi maziko a Teutonic mysticism.

Kulumikizana kotumikizana

Kuyambira mu 1936, Karl Wolf anakhala mnzanga wapamtima kwambiri komanso wotsimikiza za Himmler. Anali iye amene wakhala akuyankhula ndi bwana wake Hitler kwa zaka zingapo. Himmler ankayamikira wantchito wake kwambiri ndipo ankamuona kuti ndi bwenzi lapamtima. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndikuti Wolff anatsagana naye pafupifupi kulikonse: paulendo wosiyanasiyana, pamisonkhano ngakhale panthawi yochezera "kumisasa ya imfa".

Mu 1943, ubale wawo unasokonekera pang'ono. Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwawo chinali kusudzulana ndi kukwatirana mobwerezabwereza kwa Wolff. Koma, ngakhale izi, chidaliro cha Hitler mwa iye chinali chopanda malire. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1943, Wolf anapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano ndipo anachoka ku Italy. Pano iye akukhala Supreme Fuhrer wa apolisi ndi SS, ndipo patapita miyezi iŵiri - mlangizi wa boma la fascist la Benito Mussolini.

Yambani kukambirana

Podziwa kuti kugonjetsa kwa dziko lachitatu, Schellenberg, pamodzi ndi Himmler, adayamba kugwirizana ndi ntchito zapadera za ku America. Apanso, Wolf yemweyo ndi yotsimikizirika ikuwoneka ngati kugwirizana. Amatha kuyankhulana kudzera mwa Papa Pius XII. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa 1945, Wolf adayamba kukumana ndi Ascona Swiss pamodzi ndi gulu lonse la Achimereka lotsogoleredwa ndi Allen Dulles, pomwe adakambirana za kugonjera kwa asilikali a Germany ku Apennines.

Poona kuti Washington ndi Moscow panthawiyo anali mgwirizano, pa March 12, a ku America adasankha kudziwitsa boma la Soviet za zokambirana zomwe zinayambira. Ataphunzira za izi, Stalin adafuna kuti oimira awo alowe nawo, koma anakanidwa. Pambuyo pake, kazembe wa ku America ku Soviet Union Harriman anafotokoza chisankho ichi ponena kuti United States inkaopa kusokoneza nkhaniyo chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe sizingatheke kuti oimira ku USSR asankhe.

Gawo lotsiriza

Panthawiyi, mphekesera kuti Carl Wolff akukambirana ndi Achimereka adakumananso ndi Bormann, yemwe adayesa kugwiritsa ntchito khadi iyi pamasewero ake motsutsana ndi Heinrich Himmler, yemwe, ndi Schellenberg, adatha kusunga njirayi pa nthawi yomaliza.

Pa zokambirana za Amerika panalibe kukayikira za mphamvu za Wolf, komanso mphamvu ya SS kukonza zochitika zazikulu monga kugonjera kwa asilikali a Germany omwe ali m'dera la Italy. Kusakhulupirika uku kunali chifukwa chakuti magulu a Germany pa nthawiyo analamulidwa ndi Field Marshal A. Kesselring.

Kudzipereka

Pofuna kuthetsa kukayikira komaliza kwa anthu a ku America, Wolf anayenera kupereka mapu ake atsopano a mapu a malo a asilikali a Hitler ku Italy. M'tsogolomu zinali zolemba izi zomwe zinathandiza US kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yoyenera ya chipwirikiti cha Apennine.

Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April 1945, pamene wogonjetsa mgwirizano wotsutsa anayamba ku Italy, Wolff anapeza mphamvu zonse zofunikira kuti akwaniritse chilango chodikirira kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Pa Epulo 29, iye, pamodzi ndi Fitinghoff, amasonyeza zonse zomwe zidawotchulidwa ndi asilikali a fascist mu Apennines.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo

Carl Wolf, mosiyana ndi nzeru, pambuyo pa kugonjetsedwa kwa Hitler wa Germany ndi ntchito yake ndi mabungwe ogwirizana sanadzibise, koma, m'malo mwake, ankayembekezera chikhululuko komanso ngakhale kulipira kwa opambana. Ngakhale pa zokambirana zomwe zinachitika ku Switzerland, adanena momveka bwino kuti Hitler atatha kugonjetsedwa mu boma latsopano la Germany ndi udindo wa Mtumiki wa Zamkatimu. Koma, mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo zake, adagwidwa ndi Amereka ndipo mu 1946 anaweruzidwa ku Germany.

Chigamulocho chinamukhudza iye: zaka zinayi m'ndende zozunzirako anthu. Carl Wolf anatulutsidwa mu 1949. Ngakhale kuti pamene adamangidwa adatayika pafupifupi chirichonse, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, chuma chake chinafika pa msinkhu wake.

Kumangidwa kwachiwiri

Richard Brightman, wolemba mbiri ku Harvard University, amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chokhala nawo pa zokambirana zomwe zinachitika kumapeto kwa nkhondo, komanso pempho la Allen Dulles, Wolfe anapulumutsa moyo wake. Apo ayi, yemwe kale anali mkulu wa chipani cha Nazi, monga chigawenga cha nkhondo, akanakhala ndi malo pamalo otchedwa Nuremberg pafupi ndi Kaltenbrunner yemwe kale anali mtsogoleri wawo. Komanso, cholinga cha Allies chinali ndi zifukwa zonse.

Nchifukwa chiyani Achimereka sanachite izi? Ndipo zoona zake n'zakuti m "menemu Wolf anganenere zosiyana kwambiri, zokhudzana ndi zolemba zonse ku Italy, ndi zokambirana zomwezo, zosiyana kwambiri ndi zolembedwa ndi Allen Dulles. Komanso, kuzindikira kotheka kwa omwe kale anali wamkulu kungakhudzidwe kwambiri ndi mbiri ya US Strategic Services Office, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi CIA, ndipo imayambitsa mavuto osagwirizana ndi mgwirizanowu.

Lingaliro ili likuwoneka kuti liri lolondola, kuyambira pomwe atangomaliza kuchotsa Dulles, yomwe inachitika mu 1961 chifukwa cha kuyesa kolephera kwa Achimereka kuti awononge Cuba, Carl Wolf anagwidwanso. Panthawiyi, akuluakulu a boma la Germany am'nenera kuti akuthandiza anthu opitirira 300,000. Pano pali funso la kuthamangitsidwa kwa Ayuda a ku Poland ku ndende zozunzirako anthu pafupi ndi mudzi wa Treblinka. Wolf, monga akuyembekezeredwa, ndithudi, anakana kuloŵerera kwake mu Holocaust, ponena za kuiwala kwake.

Kwa zaka zingapo, khotili likugwiritsira ntchito mlanduwu. Pamapeto pake, mu September 1964, chigamulo chinatchulidwa: zaka 15 m'ndende. Komabe, mkulu wakale wa Hitlerite Karl Wolf anatulutsidwa kale - mu 1971. Chifukwa chomasulidwa msangamsanga ndi chifukwa cha umoyo. Anamwalira pakati pa July 1984 mumzinda wa Rosenheim (Bavaria, Germany).