Kusonkhanitsidwa kwa Zemsky Sobor woyamba, gawo lake mu moyo wa ndale ku Russia

Kuyambira kalelo pakhala pali mwambo ku Russia kuti athetse mavuto omwe adabuka ndi kuthetsa nkhani ndi anthu onse, "conciliarly", ngakhale kuti msonkhano wa Zemsky Sobor woyamba unachitika pakati pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, mu ulamuliro wa Ivan the Terrible. Kukhalapo kwa mabungwe amenewa ndizochitika m'mayiko ambiri a ku Europe, omwe akupita patsogolo pa ulamuliro wa ufumu woimira dziko. Zoyamba za Zemsky Sobors zinayambira ku England, Catalonia, Portugal. Ku Spain, mabungwe opangira maofesiwa ankatchedwa Cortes, ku Poland - Seimas, ku Germany - Landtags.

Choncho, Sobor ya Zemsky ndiyoyikulu kwambiri ya mphamvu yoimira nyumba, yokhala ndi ntchito zopanga malamulo. Anakonzedwa kuti athetse nkhani zandale ndi zachitukuko. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi msonkhano wa oimira malo osiyanasiyana kuti athetse vuto la boma. Kuwonekera kwa malo otero kunali chifukwa cha kutha kwa mgwirizano wa mayiko a Russia ku dziko limodzi, kulimbikitsa olemekezeka m'madera. Pogwiritsa ntchito mamembala ake, Sobor wa ku Russia Zemsky anali pafupi ndi maofesi a ma Western Europe, koma anali osiyana ndi iwo pokhala ndi uphungu wokha. European Zemsky Sobor anali ndi ufulu wopanga malamulo. Ku Russia, zosankha za bungwe limeneli zinayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo povomerezedwa ndi tsar ndi Boyar Duma.

Msonkhano woyamba wa Zemsky Sobor ku Russia unapangidwira kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa Ivan IV koopsa. Anaphatikizapo atsogoleri achipamwamba, anyamata, akalonga, nzika zolemera, oimira olemekezeka ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a dzikoli. Zemsky Sobor anali ndi zipinda ziwiri. Mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi anyamata, osungira chuma, okonda chuma, ena - olemekezeka, ana aamuna, atsogoleri a usilikali. Msonkhano uliwonse wa Zemsky Sobor unakhala, monga lamulo, osaposa masiku awiri. Mfumuyi inachititsa katatu katatu, ndipo maganizo ake pa nkhaniyi amatha kufotokozedwa ndi anyamatawa, potsirizira pake msonkhano wa Boyar Duma unachitikira. Misonkhano yonse inkachitika motsatira ndondomeko, zisankho zinatengedwa palimodzi.

Chofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha dzikoli chinali kukumana kwa Zemsky Sobor woyamba mu February 1549, zomwe zinalengeza kuti kusintha kwa boma la Russia ku ufumu woimira dzikoli. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, udindo wa olemekezeka m'dziko lino wakula. Pamsonkhanowu malamulo atsopano amakhazikitsidwa ndipo pangapangidwe chisankho chokhazikitsa Phokoso la Pemphelo. Kuchokera pano, anthu ena amatha kupempha (pempho) m'dzina la Tsar ndipo nthawi yomweyo amapeza yankho. Chimodzimodzinso, pempholi linkalamulira ntchito za mabungwe ena a boma.

Yoyamba Zemsky Sobor, yomwe inatchedwa ku Russia, inatchedwa "Katolika ya Reconciliation", mofanana ndi iyo inali msonkhano wa Mpingo wa Mpingo, womwe unkawona moyo wa khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi okhulupirira Orthodox ndipo unakhazikitsanso mwambo wa zikondwerero za maholide.

Msonkhano wa Zemsky Sobor woyamba, ndi ena onse omwe akutsatira, unapangidwa ndi mndandanda wapadera, womwe unayambitsa chifukwa cha msonkhano ndi chiwerengero cha osankhidwa. Kawirikawiri chiwerengero chawocho chinaganiza kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ayenera kukhala pa Zemsky Sobor. Oimirirawo anasankhidwa pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika m'midzi yosiyanasiyana ya dzikoli monga ma msonkhano. Muzisankho izi, anthu omwe amatumikira, komanso kupereka misonkho nthawi zonse ku boma, akhoza kutenga nawo mbali. Osankhidwa osankhidwa sadalandire malipiro chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pa msonkhano wa Zemsky Sobor. Komanso, iwo adayenera kudzipereka okha ndi chirichonse chofunikira, kupita ku msonkhano wotero.

Msonkhano wonse wa Zemsky Sobor unachitika, monga lamulo, pachimake chochititsa chidwi ku Kremlin. Chifukwa cha ulemu wawo ntchito ku Cathedral ya Assumption inakonzedwa. Pazaka mazana awiri kuchokera pamene bungweli likupezeka, msonkhano wa 57 Zemsky Sobor unachitikira.