Kubzala kolifulawa pamalo otseguka ndi mbewu. Kolifulawa: kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa

Kolifulawa mu zakudya zake zimaposa kuposa kabichi yoyera. Ndipo zimakhala zokongola bwanji mu saladi! Muli zinthu zambiri zothandiza, ma vitamini C, B1, B2, PP. Ngati simukulekerera kabichi woyera chifukwa cha mchere wambiri, ndi nthawi yoganizira za momwe mungabzalitsire kolifulawa m'munda mwanu. Amagwidwa mofulumira kwambiri ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi zakudya zamasamba. Mitu yoyera mu mawonekedwe ophika, mu supu ndi pambali mbale, mu mawonekedwe a marinated adzakhala mavitamini owonjezera pa tebulo lanu. Mutu wa nkhani yathu lero ndi kubzala kwa kolifulawa, choncho tiyeni tipite ku agrotechnical subtleties.

Malo okonzekera

Kudyetsa kolifulawa kumachitika pamabedi okonzekera, pomwe agrotechnics ayenera kutsatira malamulo ena. M'dzinja, mutatha kubzala mbewu, nthaka imayamba kukonzekera kubzala masika. Chifukwa cha izi, amamasulidwa, kuchotsa udzu wamsongo ndi mphutsi za tizilombo. Pafupifupi masabata awiri pambuyo pake, feteleza amayamba - 5 makilogalamu a organic, 30 g wa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous fetereza amapita ku mita imodzi . Pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, bedi la munda limakumbidwa ku bayonet ndipo linasiya kupuma mpaka masika.

Pakutha kutentha, nthaka imasulidwa ndipo urea amayamba - pafupifupi 20 g pa mita imodzi. Musaiwale: kubzala kwa kolifulawa kumachitika mu nthaka yowuma, ndiko kuti, sikoyenera kubwezeretsanso. Ngati mulibe nthawi yokumba nthaka mu kugwa, ndiye kuti mudzayenera kutero kumapeto kwa nyengo, koma kenako musanadzalemo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, tamped pang'ono. Izi zimakhudza ubwino wa atsogoleri: kutsatila lamuloli n'kofunika kotero kuti ndi owopsa komanso okoma.

Njira zobzala

Kubzala kwa kolifulawa nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu mbande. Komabe, lero wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kufesa mbewuzo m'nthaka. Musaiwale kuti kucha kwa mitu kukuchitika mofulumira, ndipo kukolola m'nyengo yozizira, mbewu imafesedwa mu 3-4 mawu ndi kupuma kwa masiku 20. Poyamba kubzala, mbande imakula mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses, ndipo nyengo ya chilimwe ndi yophukira imapangidwa mwachindunji kunthaka. Musaiwale kuti kutentha kutsika, mphukira imayenera kutetezedwa ndi filimu.

Lero pali mitundu yambiri pamsika. Kukula m'nthaka yotetezedwa, zomera zowona msanga zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Mpaka posachedwa, kolifulawa wabwino adakula makamaka kumwera, ndipo lero ilipo kulikonse. Koma ngakhale mu wowonjezera kutentha, ngati nyengo imakhala yoziziritsa, mitu imatha kukhala yaying'ono kuposa nthawi zonse. Kolifulawa yakupakati-yakucha yabwino . Kubzala pa mbande zidzakuthandizani kuti muchotse zokolola zoyamba, ndikufesa m'munda - komanso chachiwiri ndi chachitatu. Mitengo yamasika nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi nthawi yoti ikhale m'nyengo yozizira.

Mbewu yofesa

Ntchito yoyamba ndi kukula kokolola kumunda wa saladi, kumene kolifulawa imayendera bwino kwambiri. Kubzala pa mbande ikuchitika ndi lamulo lotsatira. Kuti mupeze mphukira zabwino komanso mbande zabwino, muyenera kusankha mbewu zazikulu zokha. Musanafese, perekani njira zotsatirazi: Mbeuzo zikulumikizidwa mu chigamba ndi kumizidwa m'madzi otentha. Musati muwotchedwe kwa chithupsa, chofunika kwambiri ndi madigiri 50. Mbeu zowonongeka zimatenthetsedwa m'madzi ozizira ndipo zimalowa mu njira ya potassium permanganate kwa maola 8.

Maphunziro amenewa amapereka bwino kwambiri kumera. Okonzeka kubzala mbewu amafesedwa mabokosi apadera. Nthaka ikhoza kukhala yina, koma chisakanizo cha peat ndi humus chinakhala chabwino. Kuonjezerapo, 15 g ya superphosphate ndi potassium sulphate ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mu chidebe cha nthaka osakaniza. Mwachidziwikire, komanso kubzala mbewu za kolifulawa pamalo otseguka. Pa nthaka yothira pang'ono ndi yozungulira, grooves ndi kuya kwa 0,5 mm imatchulidwa, kumene mbewuzo zimayikidwa. Iwo amadzazidwa ndi chimodzimodzi osakaniza ndipo mopepuka chophimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

Zomwe amangidwa

The optimum kutentha boma kabichi ndi + 20 madigiri. Muzochitika zotero, mphukira zidzawoneka pambuyo pa masiku 4-5. Pano pali vuto lalikulu: kabichi amayamba kuthamanga mwamsanga, mwamsanga kutangotha kutentha kwa mpweya kumachepetsa madigiri +6. Pambuyo pa masiku asanu, amaukitsidwa kufika madigiri 15 - izi zimathandiza kuti mumvetsetse. Njira yosavuta yothetsera vutoli ndi ngati mbande zanu ziri miphika, koma kubzala mbewu za kolifulawa pamalo otseguka m'chipinda choyendetsa. Firimuyi yophimba wowonjezera kutentha imachotsedwa kapena kutsegulidwa kumapeto. Motero, kutentha kumayendetsedwa.

Kukula mbande

Ngati mukukula mbande, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kumera mmera pamene ali ndi zaka 8-10. Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, kanizani mochepa nthaka. Kumbukirani kuti chinyezi chokwanira m'miphika chimabweretsa matenda a mbande. Akangotenga, mbande zimadyetsedwa. Kukonzekera kwa mbande kumatenga pafupifupi masiku 45-50. Masamba okonzedwa bwino ayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera 5 komanso mizu yabwino. Onetsetsani kuti mukuwotcha mbande, kuzizoloŵera dzuwa, kuzizira ndi kutentha kwa madontho. Pochita izi, musanadzalemo, mbande zimatengedwa kupita kumsewu kapena kumanzere kutsogolo kwa khonde lotseguka. Ndibwino kuti masiku otsirizawa adziwe bwinobwino zomera zomwe zimapanga zomera. Ngati msewu uli wozizira usiku, filimuyo sungakhoze kuchotsedwa.

Chiwembu chodzala kolifulawa

Kubzala zomera pansi, sankhani madzulo kapena nthawi yammawa. Kawirikawiri mbewuzo zimathiridwa madzi tsiku lomwelo. Mu nyengo yowuma ndi yotentha, imayambira mizu yoipa, musanayambe, ganizirani momwe mungavalidwe zomera zabwino. Pewani kumeta mthunzi kungakhale patatha masiku atatu chitatha. Kubzala kolifulawa pamalo otseguka kumachitika mwanjira inayake, mitundu yoyambirira idzafesedwa pafupi, ndi kenako - mopitirira padera, chifukwa iwo ali a bushy. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi 70 x 40 masentimita, sayenera kuwonjezeka, chifukwa izi zimakhudza zokolola, simungapeze mitu yabwino pamfundoyi.

Komabe, mabedi odzaza akhoza kukhala radish, katsabola ndi saladi. Chifukwa chakuti zomera izi zimapsa ndi kuchapa, sizidzapweteka makamaka kubzala. Mbande ya kolifulawa obzalidwa kuti asaphimbe apical Mphukira. Dziko lapansi lozungulira kambewu kakang'ono kamasungunuka bwino, kuthiriridwa ndikutsekedwa ndi dothi, kuti asapange kutumphuka.

Njira yopanda ulimi wothirira: malo omwe ali abwino

Choyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kubzala kolifulawa pamalo otseguka ali ndi mwayi wosatsutsika. Mbeu zazikuluzikulu zimachepetsa zokololazo ndi kuwononga ubwino wa zokololazo, ndipo simungapangitse kanthu kalikonse: zomera zimakula momwe ziyenera kukhalira, malinga ndi nthawi yawo yokhayokha.

Kubzala kolifulawa ndi mbewu ndizofunikira kwambiri zouma, kum'mwera madera. Koma pofika mitundu yoyambirira yakucha, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa onse, mpaka ku Siberia. Mzuwu umakhala wochepa, koma umalowa m'nthaka. Musanafese pabedi, chizindikiro chimapangidwa ndi mtunda wa pakati pa 45-60 masentimita, malingana ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana kapena osakanizidwa, komanso pa nthaka yobereka. Pamene mbande perekani masamba enieni ofunika, ndikofunikira kupanga kupatulira. Pakati pa zomera zomwe zili mu mzere zatsalira pa masentimita 15. Pamene mbande zimatulutsidwa m'masamba asanu enieni, kupatulira kumabwerezedwa, ndipo kachiwiri pakati pa zomera ziyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 15. Ngati bedi liri bwino madzi asanatchulidwe, ndiye kuti zitsambazo zimakhala ndi mizu ndipo zimatha kuziika Kumalo ena.

Kolifulawa: kubzala ndi kusamalira

Monga achibale apamtima a chikhalidwe, kolifulawa ndi hygrophilous. Chinyezi chabwino kwambiri cha dothi chiyenera kukhala osachepera 70 peresenti, musadume. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka pakukula kwa mbande. Ngakhale kuyanika pang'ono kwa nthaka kungayambitse kupanga mutu wosaya kapena ngakhale kutayika kwa mbewu, chifukwa imayamba kuphuka. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malamulo a kutentha. Olima munda amatsindika kuti ndizosamvetsetseka, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ndi kolifulawa. Kubzala ndi kusamalira kumatanthawuzira nthawi zonse kutentha. Kuchepetsa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa digrii 10 ndi pansi kumapangitsa kusintha msanga kupita ku maluwa popanda kupanga mutu wandiweyani.

Mphamvu

Monga tazitchula kale, kolifulawa ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa mchere wa nthaka kuposa yoyera-kabichi. Izi ziyenera kudziwika ngakhale pa siteji ya kukula mbande. Mwa njira, ngati mukukula mu miphika, ndiye kuti kufesa kungapangidwe kale mu February. Ndiye mu June mudzakhala kale ndi kolifulawa. Nthawi yobzala imasinthidwa kwambiri ngati mukukonzekera kufesa mbewu mwachindunji mu nthaka. Ndiye muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka mapeto a April, ndiyeno, ngati muli ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Mu nthaka yopanda chitetezo ingadzafesedwe mu May, pamene mbande siziopsezedwa ndi chisanu. Ngati muli ndi kutentha kwakukulu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro. Kubzala kolifulawa ndi mbewu kumatanthawuza kavalidwe kamene kamapangidwa kawirikawiri, koma pokhapokha munthu angathe kuyembekezera kukolola bwino.

Choyamba kudya

Patapita masiku khumi, ndikufunikira kupanga feteleza. Kubzala kolifulawa m'nthaka kumaphatikizapo kuyambitsa zinthu zakuthupi pambuyo pa kupatulira koyamba. Njira yeniyeni yothetsera izi ndi mullein kapena osakaniza magalamu 20 a ammonium nitrate, 20 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 g wa potaziyamu feteleza. Kugwiritsa ntchito - pafupifupi 10 malita pa mita imodzi iliyonse. Ntchito ya feteleza yoyamba ndiyokulitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu.

Chachiwiri ndipo pambuyo pake feteleza

Pafupifupi masabata awiri pambuyo pake, umuna uyenera kubwerezedwa. Kubzala mbande za kolifulawa pamalo otseguka amatsatiranso ndi ntchito yachiwiri ya fetereza (yoyamba idakonzedwa kale panthawi yosankha). Zomwe zimapangidwira mchere zimasiyana malinga ndi zofuna za mlimi. Chokwanira ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena nkhuku manyowa - 0,5 malita pa 10 malita a madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mungagule m'sitolo iliyonse ya ng'ombe kapena mahatchi.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kwa tizirombo, mukhoza kukhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kabichi. Amachotsedwa ndi msonkhano wothandizira kapena mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Koma kumbukirani kuti kabichi imatenga zonse mwamtundu uliwonse. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, m'pofunika kusamalira kubzala ndi antchito. Phytobacteria ndi bowa zimatha kuwononga kapena kuwononga mbewu zanu. Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa kolifulawa ku matenda osiyanasiyana, ambiri amachokera ku zothandiza masambawa, ndipo pachabe, chifukwa khalidwe, mankhwala amasiku ano angathe kuthetsa mavutowa.

Kuyeretsa kwa kolifulawa

Amayamba mu Julayi - panthawiyi, kuchotsa mitundu yoyambirira. Yatsopano, yakucha mu August - September. Pokolola, munthu ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake kwa mutu. Kuwonjezera apo, ngati mutu uli woyera, izi zikuwonetsanso kukongola kwake. Kawirikawiri, pokhapokha pulagi imafika pamtunda wa masentimita 8, ndi nthawi yoti idulidwe. Peresrevie imakhudza kwambiri kukoma. Ngati mutu ukuyamba kutha - ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kudula mwamsanga. Kabichi ikhoza kutsukidwa, ndipo idzasungidwa m'firiji kwa nthawi yaitali ngati chophikira chozizira. Zakudya zokoma ndi zathanzi zimapatsa thupi mavitamini ndipo amasangalala kwambiri ndi menyu.