St. Theodore Ushakov yonena

Tsogolo asilikali Fyodor Ushakov anabadwa pa February 13 1745 chaka. Iye anali mwana wachitatu wa alonda Musketeers - adabuluka banja akale mfulu. Atate Fedor Ignatevich Ushakov unyamata wake kudzatumikiridwa, koma iye sanali kusamalira kupanga ntchito. Mu 1747 iye anapuma ndi udindo wa anga ndipo anakhala chete mpandawo moyo yaing'ono Mwenechiroache mundu (watsala 30 alimi). Tsogolo Saint Fyodor Ushakov anabadwa mu m'mudzi waung'ono Burnakovo za bambo ake.

zaka zoyambirira

Mnyamatayu mchimwene Gabriel anayamba Captain wa Dragoons, ndi zina, Stepan, analimbikitsidwa ndi msilikali yekha. Fedor anaganiza yolumikizana miyoyo yawo ndi zombo za. Mnyamata wa udindo wake, unali kusankha wosamvetseka. Ngakhale olemekezeka ankaona nkhanza utumiki m'madzi komanso kutchuka. Komanso, tsogolo Saint Fyodor Ushakov sanali amasiyana thanzi chitsulo ndi mphamvu herculean. zopinga thupi Komabe, iye sanali mantha.

Adalowa sitima Cadet Corps, Ushakov anayamba kuphunzira chithandizo cha mfuti ndi Cannon, kuphunzira zambiri za zomangamanga panyanja. Wophunzira aliyense yotentha anali kumapeto. Ziphunzitso za Saint Fyodor Ushakov tsogolo anazolowera Zombo Zankhondo izi. Iye anali aphunzitsi zodabwitsa ndi akuthandizeni, kuphatikizapo ngwazi tsogolo la Nkhondo ya Chesma ndi asilikali Gregory Spiridov. Mu 1764-1765 gg. Ushakov pamadzi kuchoka Kronstadt kuti Revel ndi chilumba cha Gotland, ndipo mu 1766 atamasulidwa ku thupi ndi zipolopolo mu chilolezo cha.

Posachedwapa anayamba wina Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1768-1774 gg.). Tsogolo Saint Fyodor Ushakov analimbikitsidwa ndi msilikali ndipo cholinga chake chinali kum'mwera kwa Azov-Don zombo, analamula kumbuyo asilikali Aleksey Senyavin. Kapitawo kunyamuka kuchoka Pavlovsk. Kumeneko mu Azov iye anali mozembetsa mabatire a akuyandama (chidachitika).

Nkhondo ndi Mtendere

Mu 1772, woyera wolungama wankhondo Feodor Ushakov anakhala mtsogoleri woyamba wa sitimayo. Zinali warship yaing'ono "Courier". Bwato asunga Khwalala ya Kerch, Feodosia n'kupita ku Taganrog. Chaka chotsatira, molamulidwa ndi Ushakov anali shestnadtsatipushechnye ngalawa "Modon" ndi "nyanja". Court cruised limodzi wotanganidwa Crimea asilikali Russian ndi asilikali ataphimbidwa ndi asilikali Turkey. Nkhondo itatha, oyera tsogolo Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich anali kupereka udindo wa mkulu-mkulu ndipo anasamukira ku St. Petersburg.

Mu zaka za kapitawo mtendere nthawi zonse anatumikira ku likulu. Mu TH 1780 anaikidwa mkulu wa khoti ma yatchi lapansi. Zimenezi inali yabwino kwa mitundu yonse ya careerists. Ili pafupi ndi Mfumukazi azikhala nawo mwayi woti kulowa moyo bwalo, kukhala mkati nthanzi St. Petersburg anthu. Nazi basi wankhondo woyera Feodor Ushakov si wofuna zinthu zosangalatsa zimenezi boma. Apanso, kudutsa zombo zopatsidwa kwa iye chifukwa yozizira, anafunsa mutu wa bulu Ivan Chernyshev kumasulira kwa zombo alipo.

Pa muzu wa Black Sea zombo

Mu zaka 35 Fedor Ushakov anakhala kazembe wa "Victor" nkhondo. Ngalawa ili mu squadron wa kumbuyo asilikali Yakova Suhotina anapitiriza kukaona ku Nyanja Mediterranean. Kapitawo anali kudikira kubweranso kwake kuwonjezeka lotsatira (analandira udindo wa mkulu yachiwiri udindo). Popanda kuwononga nthawi pa tchuthi chifukwa iye, Ushakov chinkhoswe mu chiyesedwe cha zombo latsopano, powathamangitsa ku Reval kuti Kronstadt. Nthawi yotsiriza isanafike kutulukira yaitali anapita pa Nyanja Baltic m'chilimwe cha 1783, kenako anasamukira ku Nyanja Black.

Pamene oyera wolungama Fedor Ushakov anakapezeka Kherson, kumene ankachita nawo ntchito yomanga zombo, mzinda unawonongedwa ndi mliri wa nthenda. Kapitawo anayenera kugawana zigawenga wake, ndi gulu kuikidwa kwaokha. Mu 1784, woyenda panyanja odziwa anakhala kazembe wa udindo woyamba. Nkhondo bwino mliri, iye anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Vladimir digiri 4-TH.

Posachedwa Fyodor anapezerapo ndi nkhondo "St. Paul" Ndipo anadza kwa iye kumene anamanga Sevastopol Black Sea zombo m'munsi. Nthawiyi, doko amapeza latsopano zipilalapo, arsenals, malo, asilikali ndi nyumba apolisiwo. Pamene ntchito yomanga Sevastopol kunatha, mzindawo anatuluka Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri inanyamuka zake, Austria Mfumu Joseph II. Ushakov kwa zimene anachita anakawagoneka Mfumukazi, nakhala naye pa tebulo chomwecho.

mayesero latsopano

Turkey Sultan Abdul Hamid ndinali osati kuyika ndi zigonjetso posachedwapa manja Russian (kuphatikizapo analanda dziko la Crimea). Iye ananyamuka kubwerera pachilumbachi. Tiribe nthawi kuti azolowere amalinyero ya Black Sea zombo mu Sevastopol, monga chiyambi cha lotsatira Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1787-1791 gg.).

Pa za msonkhano woyamba kuti kampeni Ushakov pa "St. Paul" pamodzi ndi zombo zina angapo agwidwa ndi namondwe woopsa. Ngoziyi chinachitika pafupi Varna. "St. Paul" wataya mlongoti ndi analowerera pa yake kum'mawa kwa Abkhazian gombe mdani. Koma tsokali sangathe unsettle chotero luso mbuye, monga St. Fyodor Ushakov. Mwachidule yonena za mkulu wotchuka anali ndi zitsanzo za ntchito ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Choncho nthawi iyi iwo uwonongeke. Woyendetsa ndi gulu lake anatha kudzakhala pa zotsalira za mlongoti ndi matanga latsopano kubwerera chombo Sevastopol.

July 14, 1788 panali nkhondo za Fidonisi Island (amatchedwanso Njoka) - woyamba lalikulu panyanja nkhondo ya nkhondo. Ine nawo, ndipo Fyodor Ushakov. Mpingo woyera Russian Orthodox anali chapatsogolo zombo nkhondo woyamba kuukira la Turkey. Black Sea zombo bwino. Amphamvu ndi zolondola kuwombera frigates anawononga flagship Turkey. Mdani squadron anasiya nkhondo. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa ichi, Turkey alibenso ukulu mu Nyanja Black, ndipo anataya mwayi kupanga ankafika pa Crimea gombe. Chopereka chake chachikulu kwa chigonjetso pa Nyoka Island Ushakov anapanga kumbuyo asilikali.

nkhondo ya Kerch

Kenako nkhondo Fyodor Ushakov (Kerch panyanja nkhondo) unachitikira July 8, 1790. Panthawi imeneyi asilikali mu lamulo la squadron lonse, kukakomana ndi mdani Turkey detachment. Mdani anali zida zankhondo ukulu. Turkey kwa miniti woyamba anabweretsa moto woyaka moto pa vanguard wa squadron Russian. alimbane uyu anali chinachake mwamsanga kutsutsa. chisankho pafunika munthu ndipo kuti munthuyo anali kumbuyo asilikali Fyodor Ushakov. Woyera wolungama Wankhondo anapambulwa anafooka frigates n'kutseka pawo, anathamangira kupulumutsa ndi vanguard kuteteza, analamula Brigadier Gabriel Golenkin zombo.

Ndi ayendetsa ochepa Ushakov anakwanitsa kunyengerera chombo Turkey wachiwiri-asilikali a. Mdani chombo anali pochitika pakati pa mizere Russian ndi kupeza pansi chopweteka mifuti wandiweyani moto. Ndiye Ushakov, amene anali pa flagship "Khirisimasi", pamodzi ndi onse a squadron anapita kwa rapprochement ndi Turkey.

zombo za adani anathyola nagwa. Kuchokera pa kugonjetsedwa komaliza kwa awo kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha ndi omasuka ndipo mofulumira. Kerch panyanja nkhondo anasonyeza bwino ndi moto maphunziro a panyanjawa ankadziwa Russian. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa wina wa ku Turkey anayamba kudandaula za chitetezo cha likulu lawo Istanbul.

Tendra

Fyodor Ushakov sanali kupita kukapuma, n'kukhutira wathu, natenga gulu la yaikulu ntchito yatsopano apanyanja. August 28, 1790 squadron wake, wopangidwa mwa zombo 36, mwadzidzidzi anaukira Turkey zombo (36 zombo komanso) limapereka pakati Tendra oblique ndi Gadzhibeem. Zochita kumbuyo asilikali ili m'malire a mtima ndi kudzikayikira. Turkey mu kufanana n'zosangalatsa kumva za owopsa zombo Nkhondo anali 9 pa chimenecho anawapatsa zida zankhondo chapamwamba (1360 mfuti ndi pang'ono pa 800).

Komabe, anali wakulungama mtima wa zombo Russian anatsogolera mdani mu chisokonezo. Turkey, ngakhale chapamwamba n'zosangalatsa kumva, wokonzeka abwerere, zombo kuti adachoka kwa mtunda ndithu. Monga ndimayembekezera, kuseri kwa rearguard Ottoman, amene anali ovutikawo kwambiri. Ndiye wotsatila asilikali Anati Bey amene adalamulira squadron, iye anaganiza zopita kupulumutsa makhoti pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chombo wake "Kapudanie" ndi "Meleki Bahri" anazungulira. Turkey ankamenyana amasowa, koma anagonjetsedwa. Pambuyo mwazi pa "Khirisimasi" anabwera ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince ndi ankakonda Mfumukazi Grigory Potemkin. Pa pamawu wake, Catherine II Ushakov kupereka dongosolo la 2 na- digiri St. George (zomwe mwambo, limene mphoto anapatsidwa yekha atsogoleri tithe apamwamba).

Fyodor anabwerera Sevastopol, koma posakhalitsa. Mu October, mkulu wa Potemkin kumbuyo asilikali anayamba chikuto cha Turkey zombo kusintha kupalasa squadron umene ukuyenera kuti pa Danube. Pambuyo ntchito mkamwa mwa mtsinje amayenera kukathyola zofunika Ottoman m'malinga Kilia ndi Izmail. Ntchito chinakwaniritsidwa. zochita Ushakov kunathandiza asilikali kulanda linga njira pa Black Sea gombe. Wapadera koposa Alexander Suvorov, amene itachita wa Izmail ndi lero ndi chimodzi mwa sokonezedwe yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiriyakale lankhondo la anthu.

Kaliakria

Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Istanbul, kusintha mphamvu. Kutsogolera ndi Abdul Hamid Ine Selim III Iye anakhumudwa kupambana Russian wa nyanja ndi makoma a Isimaeli, koma sanatenge chisankho n'kutsamira manja. Motero, mapeto a msonkhano anali pang'ono anachedwa, ndi wotsiriza panyanja nkhondo ya nkhondo kunachitika July 31, 1791.

Madzulo wa Ottoman zombo anaikira pafupi Varna, kenako talunjika wopita ku Cape (ano Bulgaria). Mwadzidzidzi anaukira Russian squadron molamulidwa ndi Fedora Ushakova. Turkey anadabwa. Ena mwa zombo zawo sanali wokonzeka kuchita nkhondo chifukwa pa holide ya kubwera kwa Ramadani. Komabe, mwa Ottoman limodzi ndi reinforcements mu mawonekedwe a corsairs Tunisian ndi Algeria.

Kuyambira mphindi loyamba la nkhondo Ushakov, popanda kutaya kamphindi, ndinakhala pafupi ndi mdani. Pakuti kuyenda kwa sitima ake anafola mwa mizati atatu. Zimenezi kwambiri mwa mawu a kuukira modzidzimutsa. Turkey, pakumva za maonekedwe a zombo Russian anayamba afulumira kudula zingwe ndi anayamba kupalasa. zombo zingapo inawombana ndi mzake, nchifukwa chake ndi mantha ndi chipwirikiti itakula kwambiri.

chigonjetso wina

The Turkey squadron mkulu a Algeria flagship. chombo ichi, pamodzi ndi zombo zingapo ankafuna zombozi ndi Russian zombo. Fyodor nthawi anazindikira kuzemba mdani. chombo wake "Khirisimasi" anafika ndipo anapita kukakumana ndi mdani unit. chigamulochi chinadabwitsa iye ndi anthu ena. Malinga ndi miyambo ndi malamulo osalembedwa, woyendetsa amayenera kukhala mu mtima wa dongosolo la nkhondo, kumene chophweka njira kulamulira njira ya nkhondo. Komabe, pa nthawi yobvuta, pamene pangozi anali tsoka la kugunda kwa, Ushakov anaganiza kukoka pulagi pa dongosolo anakhazikitsa. chombo zolondola moto wake kuwombera flagship Algeria pasha. chombo anayenera abwerere kumbuyo.

Patapita kanthawi lonse Black Sea zombo wapanga abwenzi ndi Turkey, mu mkangano wochezeka wa pomenyana iwo. The flagship za "Khirisimasi" anaonekera pakati pa zombo Ottoman. Wamphamvu alimbane kukaniza mdani linathyoka. Turkey kachiwiri anathawa.

Chigoba tsiku lomwelo, 31 July, ndi osayanjanitsika anakonza. Fyodor Ushakov anaphunzira za kuthetsa nkhondo pa August 8. Uthenga umenewu kumbuyo asilikali analandira kuchokera Field polimbana Nikolai Repnin. Iwo afotokoze ndi kiyi kampeni Ushakov moyo, moyo imeneyi wokutidwa ndi ulemerero wa dzina lake. Ndi nthawi kubwerera kwawo.

Mediterranean kukwera

Pambuyo pa mapeto a Chirasha Turkey nkhondo Fyodor Ushakov mu 1790-1792 gg. iye anali mtsogoleri wa Black Sea zombo. Nthawiyi, zinthu pa dziko lonse anakhalabe mantha. Russia ali m'gulu la Mgwirizano odana French, anatsutsa kuopsa kwa monarchies ndiwofatsa wa zisinthe. Izi yachilendo kusuntha mfundo yotentha ndi Catherine II. Komabe, mu 1796 anamwalira. mwana wake Paulo ndinapitiriza njira mfundo yachilendo ya mayi. Mu 1798 anaikidwa mkulu Fedora Ushakova Mediterranean squadron, ndi chaka kenako asilikali ake.

Pa mkulu kampeni anasonyeza osati monga pulani waluntha, komanso nthumwi kwambiri. Iye anaphatikiza kulengedwa kwa Agiriki Republic pansi pa protectorate la Turkey ndi Russia, Iye anakhala nawo nkhondo yomasulira wa Ionian Islands ndi Italy ndi French. Woyera asilikali Fyodor Ushakov anatsogolera anatseka misewu ya Genoa ndi Ancona. Atathandiza ogwirizana mu odana French Mgwirizano asilikali ndi squadron anabwerera ku Sevastopol.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa komanso zotsatira za

Mu 1802, wankhondo woyera asilikali Fyodor Ushakov anatenga lamulo la Baltic zombo tinakwera, ndiye anaikidwa mutu wa St. Petersburg malamulo panyanja. Pa zaka 62, mkulu anapuma. Anakakhala ku m'chigawo Tambov, kumene anagula malo kakang'ono. Apa iye anapeza kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812. m'chigawo Tambov wosowa wa mkulu wa asilikali. Iye anasankha Fyodor Ushakov. Woyera Russian Orthodox, kutsanzika chifukwa matenda.

The asilikali zakale anadzipereka odzichepetsa moyo ndi chikondi achipembedzo. Iye zambiri ankabwera ili kutali na chuma chake Sanaksar obisika. Asilikali anamwalira pa October 14, 1817 kumudzi Alekseevka m'gawo la mabwalo amakono a Mordovia. Zotsalira za oyera ndi olungama wankhondo Feodor Ushakov anakwiriridwa mu mpanda wa agulupa Sanaksar.

Pamodzi ndi asilikali Nakhimov kapitawo unakhala chizindikiro cha ulemerero wa bulu Russian. M'mizinda yambiri mu ulemu ndi zipilala kapena misewu dzina lake. Mu 1944, boma la Soviet Union anakhazikitsa Ushakov Mendulo, ndipo mu 1953 potengera mbiri ake anapanga filimu "Zombo itachita ndi Bastions".

Ngakhale kuti pa Soviet repressions nyengo ku mpingo akhala wamba, ndipo Sanaksar ansembe yotchedwa chinatsekedwa asilikali manda anapulumutsidwa. Pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, ndi ROC anali wokhoza kuti achire, funso anaukitsidwa za canonization wa wotchuka panyanja mkulu. Pa dzanja limodzi, iye anali wotchuka ngati kapitawo wamkulu, ndi pa dzanja ena, anayamba kukhala odzichepetsa chipembedzo mu ukalamba. Mu 2001, ndi chigamulo cha Mpingo Orthodox Russian canonized latsopano wankhondo - Fyodor Ushakov. Saint, amene zotsalira imapachikidwa lero mu Sanaksar ansembe yotchedwa, anakhala chithunzi osati panyanja komanso a kupembedza kwa chipembedzo.