Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": Mwachidule

Pali mabuku omwe si anamasulidwa kuchokera pachiyambi pachibwenzi tsamba lomaliza. Iwo samangokhala si iyiwalika akula, koma m'malo mwake, kupulumutsa sindikondwera zochepa za kukonzanso kuwerenga. Awa ndi ntchito zofunika mtima ndi kukakamiza chisoni ngwazi, ngakhalenso kulira chilungamo cha tsoka. Bukuli, lomwe kuti mafilimu ndi zojambula ali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi "Ranger", mwachidule zomwe amadziwika mafani onse a mtundu wanyimbo Western.

mawu ochepa A za Mlengi

Author ntchito, komanso mndandanda wa Natty Bumppo - Fenimor Kuper. Izi ndi tingachipeze powerenga mabuku American za ulendo mtundu wanyimbo, woyambitsa wa kalembedwe ndi "Western". Iye anakulira mu nthawi imene ankalamulira anali tangoyamba kugonjetsa America, mwachoncho adadziwa moyo wa Amwenye ndi atsopano woyera. Mu maso ake mudakhumudwapo sewero chiwonongeko Redskins, iye ankakonda kulemekezedwa. Iye kwenikweni chifundo iwo, chifundo ndi kupanda chilungamo kumeneku, kumenyana ndi cholembera chake. Koma, mwatsoka, sangasinthe.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti panali mwayi buku loyamba la wolemba (ndipo kuseri kwake ndi ntchito zina) "Pathfinder." Chidule konse kupereka mumlengalenga, plunges owerenga kumizidwa mu masamba a mabuku. Iwo ayenera kuwerenga ndi kukonzanso kuwerenga chinthu chonsecho. Ndi zedi.

Choncho, Roma Kuper analemba, kukangana ndi mkazi wake, koma adakonda. Ndipo owerenga anadza kulawa wonse polemba chinenero chatsopano. Choncho, Yakobo anali ndi chochita ntchito zina m'munda wa mabuku.

Chifaniziro cha Chikopa masokosi

wokongola kwambiri khalidwe analengedwa ndi F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", mwachidule tikambirana pansipa okhutira, nkhani za Natty Bumpo. Koyamba, zikuoneka kwambiri yokumba, monga wolemba sachedwa kukokomeza ndi romanticizing zilizonse. Komabe, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti mu maso a Chikopa masokosi zimapangitsa mbiri, amene anali kugwira nawo. Komabe, iye anali wotayika "zachilendo" Anthu ku Ulaya. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa iye anali mlendo kwa mavuto waukulu wa m'nthawi yake: chilakolako mphamvu, dyera, chinyengo, mabodza. Iye sangakhoze kuti mulimbane nawo kwambiri, kotero mwaufulu renounces anthu ndipo wapeza mtendere pakati pa anthu ngati iye, amene ndi Amwenye. Zenizeni zambiri anayesa kubwera naye kwa chitukuko, koma nthawi iliyonse khalidwe ndi koopsa kukhumudwa. Ndipo pa tsamba lomaliza Nathaniel mkombero wakhala nkhandwe yekhayo, ndi wosaka wa ganizoli anthu.

Fenimor Kuper "Pathfinder": Mwachidule

Tsopano ndi nthawi kukumbukira zimene zikuchitika bukhulo lomwe linalembedwa ndi F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", mwachidule zomwe ife kufotokoza ndi buku lachitatu la kuzungulira. Pa masamba a buku owerenga adzakhala otchulidwa bwino ntchito zake loyamba Natty Bumpo ndi Chingachgook, komanso kuti adziwane bwino ndi makhalidwe atsopano. Ndi wokongola Meybl Dunhem, ndi wolimba yapamadzi Charlz Kep (mchere madzi), achinyamata Dzhasper Uestern ndi Native American angapo smashing Mivi Yanu Rosa ndi June. Buku zikuchitika pa gombe la kwabasi Nyanja Ontario.

Ngati Fotokozani mwachidule buku lakuti "Ranger", limafotokoza za nkhondo kukopa pakati pa French Britain, amene anali kuloŵa mu nkhondo ya amwenye. Panthawi imeneyi, mtsikana Meybl Dunhem akapita paulendo kwa bambo ake, amene anali kutumikira pa malo a. Pa maulendo ake, amalume ake yapamadzi ndipo amatsogolera Tuscarora Amwenye. Panjira iwo akakumana ndi amuna awiri woyera ndi tsitsi lofiyira wina. Icho chinali Chikopa masitonkeni, Chingachgook ndi Jasper yapamadzi. bambo Mabel a iwo ananditumizira pofuna kupewa ngozi. Za momwe gulu la apaulendo anasamukira kwambiri mu America, ndipo anati, "Pathfinder". Chidule cha buku ayenera kuti ndikaonekere kwa owerenga, kuti kutenga bukhu ili mmanja mwanu ndi kuwerenga kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto.

chikondi unrequited

Pa njira wolimba gulu la Zopatsa oopsa akudikira: madzi kuwoloka, skirmishes ndi Iroquois. Koma atafika cholinga, likukhalira kuti akapitirize. Young Jasper mlandu akazitape, ndi atate a mwanayo akufuna kukwatira Pathfinder ake. Nathaniel yekha wopenga mu chikondi ndi Magni, wokondwa kuti ukwati wake. Koma iye anakana. Pakali pano, French kuukira (kazitape kwenikweni smashing Mivi Yanu), n'kufa anga Dunhema. Iye bequeaths mwana wake wamkazi kuti akwatire Chikopa masitonkeni, ndipo akuvomera. Koma pa nthawi, iye amazindikira kuti Mable sakonda iye, koma Jasper kalekale ndi wosankhidwa wa mtima wake. Kotero iye akuswa chibwenzi, ndipo amadalitsa anthu okonda.

Ngati mukuwerenga mwachidule kwambiri ( "Ranger"), simungathe kudziwa kuti ukwati anali maginito ndi Jasper, ndi Nathaniel anayamikira iwo n'kuthawa. Patapita zaka zambiri, mtsikana kuyenda ndi ana, anaona chithunzi patali, zikufanana kwambiri ndi mnzake wakale. Ndiye iye anafunsa am'deralo za yemwe iye anali. Anandiuza kuti anadza lodziwika bwino mlenje dzina Pathfinder. Magni ankadziwa kuti sangathe kusiya kukonda ake.

Mkombero The Leatherstocking kuwonjezera

Fenimor Kuper analenga fano wokongola wa munthu amene anapanga mbiri. Iye anafotokoza moyo wa ngwazi wake, zonse za ulendo ndi ngozi, mavuto komanso nkhawa chimwemwe ndi chisoni. Tsoka Nathaniel ikugwirizana mabuku asanu, amene ndikuuzeni za wamng'ono wa chikhalidwe, kukula wake ndi ukalamba. Ndipo pamodzi ndi tsogolo la Chikopa masokosi wolemba anasonyeza kuti moyo wa America, chidani pakati pa anthu amene sitili nawo ngati wolemera kwambiri. Iye sketched ndi momvetsa chisoni ndi kukakala, ndi kugonjetsa nkhondo ndi chisoni wolembedwa kusintha njira mwachizolowezi.

Pyatilogiya

Ife azipereka mndandanda wa mabuku amene ali m'gulu la adzizungulira, kuti mumve, monga zinalembedwa pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

• "Liziwawa St. John, kapena njira yoyamba ya nkhondo" - buku Nathaniel khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zaka. bukulo linalembedwa mu 1841.
• "The Last wa Mohicans, kapena nkhani ya chaka 1757". The mbali yaikulu mu zaka 32-34, ndi buku inafalitsidwa mu 1826.
• "Pathfinder, kapena m'mphepete mwa Ontario" amene akutchulidwa pafupifupi 35-38 zaka. Chidutswa kwalembedwa mu 1840s ndi.
• "Apainiya, kapena inayamba Saskuihanny" akufotokoza moyo wa Nathaniel mu zaka 67-68. Buku anaonekera mu 1823.
• "Tchire (STEPI)" - buku lomaliza la trackers, amene pa nthawi ya nkhani zaka 78-79. Inasindikizidwa mu 1827.

Kutchuka kwa Union

Tikumbukenso kuti mabuku a Fenimore Cooper anali wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse, ndi ku Soviet Union makamaka. Pa chinenero cha Chirasha za bukhu nthawi yoyamba imene ine anamasulira AO Ishimova pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndipo kuyambira akhala mobwerezabwereza republished. Pa mitu ya nkhani Chikopa-kuwonjezera anajambula mafilimu ndi zojambula, kutulutsa mtundu. Ndipo Dziwani kuti ngwazi za Cooper kupita nayo kwa chophimba kwambiri wa zisudzo. Ana ankaphunzira mabuku pansi pulogalamu sukulu, ndiyeno ankaimba pabwalo, Pofotokoza za ngwazi wolimba ndi anzake.

Baibulo Ana

Mosakayikira, ntchito ya James Fenimore Cooper ndi cholinga achinyamata ndi ana a zaka sekondale. Koma owerenga achinyamata kufufuza dziko zodabwitsa za chilengedwe. N'zotheka kuti "ankanena pathfinder ndi", mwachidule zomwe ife kuganizira Skrebitsky analemba mouziridwa pambuyo kuwerenga Zopatsa wa Natty Bumppo.

Zokha mankhwala pa ana a zaka sukulu. Koma iyi si nkhani mwachizolowezi. Iwo anamuuza za chabwino ndi choipa amatsenga, njoka, chinjoka, ngwazi ndi zowopsa. Koma admirer pang'ono mabuku kupereka mafotokozedwe zosangalatsa zozizwitsa, anaona ndi maso maso. Ranger-prirodolyubom patsogolo pathu Skrebitsky. 'Nkhani ya pathfinder ", mwachidule amene sakhoza kutsegula mabuku onse a zamatsenga, kulankhula za dziko. Mwachitsanzo, zili ana birdhouse ndi momwe iwo akufunafuna khamu la zinthu. Small howcast yodziwa Osamva ndi aliuma hedgehog, cuckoo lokopa, usiku wabwino ndi utitiri kachilomboka, limene anakwanitsa kufika tochi ndi kukhala Firefly. Ndimafuna kuuza ana Skrebitsky? 'Nkhani ya pathfinder ", mwachidule amene pamwambapa, kulankhula za nyama ndi makhalidwe awo, makamaka maula nkhalango. Mwachidule, za dziko zodabwitsa padziko mukufuna kuphunzira ndi kufufuza.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Nkosafuna kunena kuti dziko zosangalatsa mabuku ndi lotseguka kwa anthu okhawo amene sali owopa kuwerenga ntchito mu Baibulo mokwanira? Zabwino, abwenzi anga, zabwino zonse!