Chifaniziro cha "pansi" mu sewerolo "m'munsi kuya" Gorky

The kusewera "m'munsi kuya", lolembedwa ndi limakhulupirira Gorky (Alekseem Maksimovichem Peshkovym) mu 1902, ndi wachiwiri mzere pambuyo sewero "Afilisti" (1901). Mu dziko izo chimatengedwa ngati zolengedwa zabwino zochititsa chidwi za wolemba. Chidutswa zinalembedwa moyo chuma, "anthu akale", ndi bwino ndi wolemba. Mu Nizhny Novgorod Gorky m'misasa maso Munaona prototypes pafupifupi onse azipani nawo sewerolo. Aliyense wa iwo ndi ofunika kusonyeza tinganene, ali yake "choonadi" amene ali osiyana ndi ena.

"Anthu Amene Kale"

Popeza kuti ambiri a m'nkhaniyi ntchito - "anthu akale" - n'chofunika kwambiri. Aliyense wa iwo anali kamodzi wa gulu la anthu, kugwira ntchito chikhalidwe. Tsopano, mu nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona, kusiyana zilembo achotsa, onse a iwo - anthu amene mosatsata mu zina payekha. Kuti timvetse fanizo la "pansi" mu sewerolo "wotsika kuya", m'pofunika kuganizira Mbali imeneyi ya zisudzo zake.

Mavuto a sewerolo

Mlembi ikufotokozanso osati kwambiri pa zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo, koma pa onse, zofunika kwambiri ambiri mbali ya kutsitsimuka anthu. "Kodi amathandiza ndipo zimawalepheretsa moyo?" "Kodi kupeza ulemu?" - mafunso awa kuyang'ana yankho Maksim Gorky. Choncho, zili sewerolo si zina, kuphatikizapo ndi akatswiri abwino. "Pansi" - ali pansi pa moyo mu wodziika nzeru, mu mphamvu ya moyo wa munthu wamba, osati pa nkhani ya chikhalidwe.

Chifaniziro cha "pansi" mu sewerolo "kuya wotsika"

anthu Russian kumayambiriro kwa zaka zambiri, anali bwinobwino chomwe chinali kubwera ngozi zoopsa chikhalidwe. Mu ntchito yake wolemba ali akuonetsedwa boma la dziko chi mu malankhulidwe apocalyptic. Zimphona, tikukhala mu "maenje" ndi kosungira, kuyembekezera Tsiku la Chiweruzo. moyo umenewu uli ngati mayesero: amene amatha kuuka ku moyo watsopano, ndi amene anamwalila.

Wophiphiritsa, apocalyptic phokoso zidutswa makamaka zinamvetsa ena zisudzo zamakono wotsogolera filimu. Choncho, amene ankachitika Moscow Theatre South-West (wotsogolera Valeriy Romanovich Belyakovich) kulephera inasanduka malo mdima ndi mizere kanthu awiri decker Anachotsa kutaya zizindikiro banja. anthu onse amavala zovala zoyera ndipo pectoral mtanda, ngati pamaso pa Tsiku la Chiweruzo. Sitiroko kusewera limavomerezedwa ndi "existential" zithunzi: flophouse wodzazidwa "kupitirira manda" ndi kuwala buluu ndi mitambo ya utsi, ndi okhalamo mwadzidzidzi kukhala chete ngati sleepwalker ndi kuyamba falitsani pa bunks ndi writhe ngati mazunzo awo akuipa mphamvu osadziwika. Chifaniziro cha "pansi" mu sewerolo "m'munsi kuya" mu kutanthauzira ili likufutukuka kwambiri, popitirira nkhani chikhalidwe.

Kuyerekezera ndi Kuzindikira pa ntchito

Kumveka ikuimira ntchito yogwirizana ndi kudzipereka mu chifanizo kuti mfundo za Kuzindikira chikhalidwe ndi maganizo. Makamaka mokweza anamva mutu wa "dzenje", chapansi monga chizindikiro manyazi kuli oponderezedwa anthu. Apa akuganizira osati zenizeni m'moyo (osauka Russia pa nthawi imeneyo anakhalapodi makamaka chapansi), koma chinthu zambiri. Gorky ankafuna munthu ku "Mulungu" kwenikweni anabwereza "Mulungu" chochitika mu ndege wauzimu. Kuchita ichi, iye anayenera kusankha chowawa, ndipo zovuta kuchita ndi kuuka kwa moyo wake. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa Choncho mwala arches amatikumbutsa ndi doss nyumba phanga ndi manda a Khristu. Mbali zithunzi ( "kuya wotsika") zachokera poyerekeza ndi khalidwe la m'Baibulo, luso kukhala ngati iye.

Anthu "ndi"

Chapansi munthu anachotsedwa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kulandidwa katundu ndi ndalama, chuma chawo, nthawi zambiri dzina lake. Ambiri a dramatis personae ndi nicknames yekha, momveka bwino kufotokoza zithunzi za ngwazi "pansi". Zowawa) amalenga zikutipatsa m'nkhaniyi: wosewera wa, Baron, pamapindikira Craw, mtanda, Tartar. Zikuoneka yekha kufanana kuyambira anthu awa. Author, kuika kuyesera maganizo pa zilembo za ntchito yake, akufuna kuti, ngakhale kugwa kwa kuya kwa "anthu akale" nachobe solo yamoyo ndipo akhoza kupanga "kuuka."

dongosolo fano "pansi pa moyo" kumaphatikizapo mtundu wina. Abale oimira "pamwamba", nadpodvalnogo dziko "makamu" - Kostylev, mwini nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona, ndi bloodsucker ndi prude, mkazi wake, Vasilisa wolimbikitsa wokonda ake Vaska Phulusa mwamuna wake aphedwe - amaoneka ngati sangathe chitsitsimutso, potsiriza akuphedwa. Chimayamba kuonekera wina mawu oti "mwachinsinsi" lomwe limati mkulu Luka: "Pali - anthu, ndipo pali - osiyana - ndi amuna ...". Kenako iye anawafotokozera Kostylev kuti "anthu" - anthu amene moyo uli ngati analima nthaka yachonde, angathe kupereka mphukira zatsopano.

Kutchulira a "zenizeni onyenga"

Alekseya Maksimovicha Gorkogo - wolemba ndi munthu - nthawizonse adzazunzidwa unsolvability zosiyana "choonadi -. Bodza" Kuyerekezera awiri "choonadi" - amene ali mutu wa munthu ndi mmodzi yemwe kumapangitsa mphamvu zachilengedwe zimene lili mtima wa kusewera "m'munsi kuya". Images wa Baron, nthata, Bubnov, Phulusa ali ndi choonadi zowawa, ndi kuzipeleka kwa woyambitsa izo padera mu monologue wotchuka Satina ( "Onse - munthu, onse - anthu").

Dostoevsky ina ananena kuti ngati iye anayenera kusankha pakati pa Yesu Khristu ndi choonadi, kuti asankha Khristu. Iye anasankhidwa kuti Nastya, Luka, wosewera, ndi ena. Zifanizo za ngwazi za "kuya wotsika" makamaka yodziwika ndi kudzipereka kwa view uyu kapena winayo (Baron, Bubnov, mite, Ash). Aleksey Maksimovich monga zilandiridwenso, makamaka ntchitoyo payokha, ananena kuti kupanga chisankho mu mtima wa munthu.

Zimene owerenga ndi otsutsa

Ngakhale bwino yaikulu sewerolo "Pa pansi", wolemba sanasangalale kwambiri ndi chakuti iye lina. Iye anazindikira ndi zochita za ambiri otsutsa ndi anthu, kuti mlaliki "mabodza olimbikitsa" Luka anabwera zofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi chithunzi, amene anapezeka woyenera mdani. Tibwereze kenako anafunsidwa Aleksey Maksimovich anadzudzula "wabodza" Luka, koma Subconsciously, mwina amamukonda. Choncho, munthu wakale kunapezeka kwambiri zotsutsana ndi odabwitsa. Pa ngozi "kutonthozana bodza" Zowawa analimbikitsa owerenga pafupifupi mapeto a moyo.

Pomaliza

Gorky anatha kusonyeza chimodzi mwa zinthu chopweteka kwambiri ndi woopsa wa zamaganizo ndi chikumbu anthu - kusakhutira ndi zenizeni zotsutsa ake, koma pa nthawi yomweyo amadalira thandizo kunja, ndi wofooka kuthekera "zozizwitsa" kupulumutsidwa ndi kupulumutsidwa ku mavuto, kusafuna amachititsa m'miyoyo yawo ndi awo kuchita izo. Ndiye "pansi" wa moyo, amene akhoza kukhala kazembe wa kalasi kapena chuma chawo. Anthu oterewa, "bodza zolimbikitsa," Luke zoipa ndi woopsa, kufa (kumbukirani wosewera amene nadzipachika yekha pakhosi pa mapeto a sewerolo), monga choonadi, chimene posachedwa kapena mtsogolo nawo, si choncho yabata wangwiro.

dziko ndi zoipa ndipo ziyenera akayang'anizananso, ndi kuthawa naye mu dziko la maloto ndi kukhumbira. Anthu amene amakonda zopeka ofooka. Iwo ankadana ndi kumachita kwambiri ndi moyo umene angakhale naco coonadi. Aleksey Maksimovich waima zaumunthu woona, kuwulula maso munthu kuti boma oona za zinthu, osati clouding maso ake malonjezo olimbikitsa, zochokera - bodza, ulemu munthu.

Chifaniziro cha "pansi" mu sewerolo "wotsika kuya" - mmodzi wa zithunzi wamphamvu kwambiri mu ntchito za wolemba, kumene owerenga ndi otsutsa kubwerera mobwerezabwereza, kujambula maganizo, mfundo zosiyanasiyana komanso kudzoza.