Ndakatulo Dzhon Donn: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi moyo

Dzhon Donn anabadwa mu London mu 1572 (pakati 23,01 ndi 19.06). Bambo ake anali munthu wamalonda wolemera. Iye anafa pamene Yohane sanali ngakhale zaka zinayi. Mwana wamkazi wa Wolemba wina ndi ndakatulo D. Haywood anali mayi ake. Mwa makolo ake, iye adali nayenso T. Mora.

nthawi maphunziro, kukana kutenga lumbiro

Ndili ndi zaka 12, Dzhon Donn analembetsa ku Oxford University (mu Hart Hall). Patapita zaka zitatu anasamuka ku Cambridge. Donne sanapeze kulikonse yunivesite digiri. Mwina, ndi chikuonetseratu oyambirira ndiponso kukana akamaliza mwamwambo chabe maphunziro chifukwa chakuti Donne sakanati alumbire kuti azimvera otchuka Church of England. Jobseekers ku digiri chilichonse chofunika pa nthawi lumbiro lake. Komabe, kwa Catholic n'zosatheka.

Maulendo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

Donn, kusiya yunivesite, anapita kwa kanthawi Spain ndipo Italy. Za moyo wake pang'ono kale mu 1591 iye analembetsa malamulo bungwe pansi pa dzina "Tavis Ogona". Patapita chaka kumalo ena Donne - "Ogona Lincoln", kumene anakhala zaka zitatu.

John mu 1596-97 biennium. Iye anali mmodzi wa "njonda ongodzipereka" omwe anali m'gulu la "Golden unyamata" kupita kwa Earl wa Essex, otchuka pakati pa anthu, mu Wakuba ulendo ndi Cadiz. Kenako anapita Azores, mu kudwala-fated "Island kampeni." Kampeni anali atayambitsa iwo kukakumana zombo Spanish pochokera chuma cha America.

John amakhala ndizodziwikiratu

ntchito Donna pa zaka 4 wakhala bwino. Iye ngakhale osankhidwa ya phungu mu 1601. Donn ankadziwika monga ndakatulo, osati kulemba mzere umodzi. Zinalembedwa prose "Paradoxes ndi Mavuto" chi anamusilira pofuna kutsitsimutsa mitundu chakale (epigram ndime uthenga Zotengera chikondi elegy).

ukwati obisika ndipo zotsatira zake

Dzhon Donn mu January 1602 mobisa anakwatira Anne Moore, ndi khumi chaka chimodzi mtsikana. bambo ake anayesa kuti kumene apongozi anatumizidwa kundende. Iye amayenera kukhala mu ndende zombo, komanso kutaya malo awo mu utumiki wa Anapempha kwa Zisindikizo. Donne anatuluka m'ndende, anali pantchito. Pafupifupi kwathunthu adzauma cholowa wake kamodzi-olimba. Pakati pa 1602 ndi 1615 - zaka chiyembekezo ndi woopsa. Donn anafufuza pachabe ntchito maluso awo.

ana khumi Anne anam'berekera, amene asanu anapulumuka amayi ake omwe anamwalira mu 1617. zaka 2-3 Donna ankakhala achibale mkazi mu Surrey. Mu 1605 anasamukira ku nyumba ku Mitchum, pafupi London.

zoyesayesa zinalephereka kugwiritsa ntchito maluso awo

Bwinobwino ndi kwa nthawi yaitali Dzhon Donn ankaphunzira za umulungu, malamulo ovomerezeka ndi mbiri ya mpingo. Iye anathandiza T. Morton, amene anadzakhala Bishop wa Durham mu zaka 1605-07, polenga zolemba polemical ukuperekedwa Chikatolika. Morton kenako mu 1607 analonjeza kufika wabwino wa Donna, ngati yotsirizira wasankha kutenga maudindo oyera. Komabe, Yohane akali kuyembekezera kuti ntchito yolembedwa. Iye anayesetsa kuti atenge malo a Mlembi - woyamba mu Ireland, ndiye - mu Virginia. Tayesa Donne kupeza malo kazembe ku Venice ndi The Hague. Pa nthawi yomweyo pakhala katswiri ambiri chikondi ndakatulo, ambiri a ndakatulo achipembedzo, komanso chipangizo akalata wowonjezera.

The kulemba chimene Donna anayamba patsogolo pa ntchito

Mu 1610 anapita woyamba lofalitsidwa ntchito ya John "wofera M'maganizo." Inapatulidwa kuti King James. bukulo chitetezo wanzeru anam'bweretsera lumbiro la kukhulupirika kwa korona English, amene anayenera Akatolika pambuyo chochitika mu 1605 onga Chiwembu. Dzhon Donn anadalitsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito iyi ndi digiri ya Master zaluso ya yapamwamba Oxford University. Mfumu kuyambira poyera anati Yohane idzalimbikitsa utumiki, ngati aganiza kuti asankhe ntchito zampingo. Donne m'chaka chomwecho anapeza Pamapeto pake, woyang'anira woyera. Iwo anakhala R. Drury. Mu nthawi kuchokera November 1611 pa August 1612, anapita naye kunja. Pambuyo Donne anabwerera, anasamutsa banja kunyumba, yomwe ili Drury Lane. Yohane anakhala pano mpaka 1621.

Kuikidwa kwa unsembe, yophunzitsa

"Zatsopano mu zamulungu", olengedwa mwa nyengo ya pakati pa 1611 ndi 1615 chaka, kuganiza kuti iwo zolembedwa ndi munthu amene angatchedwe okonzeka kwambiri pa utumiki mpingo. Donn January 23, 1615 iye ndinadzozedwa wansembe ndi dikoni. Korol Yakov anamveketsa mmodzi wa abusa a. Iye anaonetsetsa kuti Donn anali kupereka mlingo wa Doctor wa pa yunivesite ya Cambridge Theology. Mmodzi wa mabungwe otchuka mu London, iye anapatsidwa mu 1616. Donn anali kuphunzitsa zamulungu akulu "Lincoln Ogona" - mwalamulo bungweli.

Matenda ndi buku zachokera zinachitikira latsopano

Mfumu mochedwa 1621 yoikidwiratu John abbot wa Cathedral St Paulo. Donn ndakatulo pang'ono analengedwa mu nthawi ya utumiki mu mpingo. Koma mu 1624 anafalitsa "The mapemphero ndi miyambo milandu ulesi", maganizo wonyenga ndi wodzaza mavuto. Ichi ndi lipoti za matendawo, amene wakhala pafupifupi chakupha, adamva kuwawa mu 1623. matenda akhala kalilole wa moyo wauzimu wa John Donne. Iye anawona kudalira kwake chisomo cha Mulungu. Dzhon Donn anafa March 31, 1631 mu London.

Sermons ndi ndakatulo ndi John Donne

Iye anapatsa mwana wake kuposa 160 maulaliki. Mwana lofalitsidwa iwo 3 mabuku. Dzhon Donn analalikira, ankakonda kulira ndi kuwadandaulira kuti kuyeretsedwa makhalidwe a anthu kuganiza za zotsutsana alipo mu chiphunzitso, zomwe wosiyana Roma Katolika wa England. Ngakhale kupenda mosamala sayansi malo osiyana a Lemba, ndipo mawu zina Latinized ndi malembedwe, mu ulaliki wake, mungapeze chomwecho wolemera zithunzi ndi kaimbidwe mumangidwa khalidwe la ndakatulo wake. Sermons Donna, pamodzi ndi pemphero wotetezedwa iye kutchuka ndi chimodzi mwa ambuye wamkulu wa English prose chosatha.

ochepa angayerekeze kufalitsa ndakatulo Dzhon Donn. ndakatulo zake anafuna bwalo sankhani. Iwo yodziwika ndi mawu panokha zambiri akupangira, komanso njira zina zimene chimakhala ndi mawu amoyo zolankhula aboma. Zonsezi amatilola kuti bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu wopita kwa sonnets ndi ndakatulo zina Dzhon Donn a. Today ntchito yake mosavuta aliyense.

Mu dziko lathu yotchuka kwambiri kukwawa Dzhon Donn. Brodsky Mwachitsanzo, kudzipereka kwa iye, "Great Elegy". dzina lake Komabe, ndiwo osati mabuku Russian. bwino kudziwika lero mu Moscow omwera "Dzhon Donn" (Taganka). Monga mukuonera, ichi mosalekeza otchuka English novelist ndi ndakatulo m'dziko lathu.