Nkhani "anthu akale" Maksima Gorkogo

"Anthu Amene Kale" - ntchito analengedwa mu 1897. Pa mtima wake - ndi zidindo lenileni la wolemba, amene analandira pamene iye anali kukhala mu nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona pa mzinda wa Kazan. ntchitoyi mtundu wanyimbo akhoza chimatanthauza nkhani lake, yodziwika ndi yolondola fano pa iye, kusowa mphamvu, chidwi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, komanso zofunikila makhalidwe chithunzi. "Anthu akale" Gorky a Ziwerengero latsopano mtundu wa Kunkapezekanso. No kukongola, bwino kuti ife kuyambira ntchito zake.

"Anthu Amene Kale": Mwachidule

malo kwambiri mbali yoyamba ya kulongosola amaperekedwa. Poyamba, pamaso pathu ndi wakunja kwatawuni msewu. Ndi yakuda, wosasamala. Kwake, yomwe ili apa, inconspicuous: a mazenera skewed ndi makoma yokhota kumapeto, leaky madenga. Tikuona milu ya zinyalala ndi makhalidwe. Zotsatirazi limafotokoza nyumba ya wamalonda Petunnikoff. Omangawo lop amaganiza ndi mazenera wosweka. Makoma ake ataphimbidwa ndi ming'alu. Mu nyumba iyi, ngati nyumba yaing'ono, yomwe ili flophouse. Izo akufanana ndi louma, dzenje lalitali.

Zithunzi osowa

Kuyambira malongosoledwe a mkati mwa wolemba akupitiriza zithunzi osowa. ndi "anthu akale" mu sewero Gorky a "The wotsika kuya" n'chiyani?

Aristide Sledgehammer - mwini wake wa nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona, poyamba ankatumikira monga woyendetsa. Iye mitu ya kampani otchedwa "anthu akale" ndipo "ndodo yokha." Gorky anafotokoza kuti ngati wamtali, yotakata zaka pafupifupi 50, ndi nkhope pockmarked, kutupa kumwa. Iye akuvala greatcoat ovutika ndi zauve msilikali, ndi pamutu pake aliwonse kapu.

Komanso ZITHUNZI ena osowa. Mmodzi wa iwo - mphunzitsi. Iwo slouching mwamuna wamtali ndi dazi mutu ndi yaitali, mphuno lakuthwa. Wina osowa - Simtsov Aleksey Maksimovich, amatchedwanso Kubar. Uyu - ndi nkhalango kale. Gorky ananena kuti anali "wandiweyani ngati mbiya." Iye ali wamng'ono mphuno kapezi mtundu, nkhungu ndevu zoyera ndi choonadi maso madzi.

Kukhalamo wotsatira wa nyumba doss - Martyanov Luka Antonovich dzina End. Poyamba, iye anagwira ntchito ngati ndende woyang'anira, ndipo tsopano - mmodzi wa "anthu akale". Ndi woledzera chete ndi louma.

Apa amakhala ndi Pavel Solntsev (Obedok) makaniko. Izi lopsided consumptive munthu wa pafupi zaka makumi atatu. Komanso, wolemba limafotokoza Kiselnikova. Osowa - ndi Wolakwayo kale. Iye anali othina ndi wamtali, "ndi pamapindikira diso limodzi." Iye ankatchedwa theka Taras, monga bwenzi lake Taras, dikoni poyamba inali nthawi imodzi ndi theka poyerekeza izo. Ndiponso, tidzaphunzilanso za yaitali tsitsi anyamata "zopusa" "ndi sheepish Bony makapu". dzina lake - chammwamba. Ndiye, wolemba likutionetsera ife ndi anthu wamba a nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona, munthu. Mmodzi wa iwo - Tyapa, wokalamba chiguduli-nyemba.

makhalidwe osowa

Limakhulupirira Gorky akutisonyeza momwe anthu safuna kumva uthenga zotsatira zawo, komanso za moyo ndi mapeto a ena. Iwo alibe chidwi, kusonyeza mpheto kwa zinthu kunja. Mu mitima yawo pa yomweyo kukula mkwiyo umene ukuperekedwa anthu olemera. Mwa njira, ndi dziko la "anthu akale" mu sewero Gorky a "The wotsika kuya" ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi amene analenga mu sewero ndife chidwi.

Zosemphana ndi Petunnikoff

Mu gawo lachiwiri la ntchito ya zilembo onsewa kusakhutira anamasuliridwa mu nkhondo momasuka ndi Petunnikoff, wamalonda m'deralo. Chikhalidwe cha nkhondo imeneyi - chikhalidwe. Woyendetsa anaona kuti mbali ina ya mbewu wamalonda ndi pa nthaka Vavilov. Iye anditsutsa mwini nyumba ya alendoyo kuti akambirane Petunnikoff. Tikumbukenso kuti Aristide Sledgehammer mu nkhani iyi ndi chikakamizo alibe chikhumbo kuti apindule. Iye amafuna kumvutitsa Petunnikoff, yemwe amadzitcha yekha anamuda Yudasi.

chifukwa atasemphana

Komabe, amanena, zomwe analonjeza 600 rubles, dziko ikutha. Business, ophunzira ndi mwana wankhanza Petunnikoff Vavilov anditsutsa kufunika kuti mupewe choncho ku khoti. Apo ayi, anamuopseza kuti kutseka malo omwera, muli mwini nyumba ya alendoyo. Anthu okhala doss nyumba kuzindikira kuti tsopano iwo adzayenera kusiya malo, chifukwa wamalonda Ndithu kuwakhululukira iwo lopunthwitsa izi.

Posachedwa Petunnikoff amafuna kusiya nthawi yomweyo "hibarochku". Koma tsokali izi sinathe kumeneko. Uchiel amafa imfa ya mlandu Aristide sledgehammer. Chotero potsiriza chimandiswa wosauka m'dera. Petunnikoff kupambana.

Psychology ngwazi

chidwi limakhulupirira Gorky amalipira osati kuphunzira otchedwa moyo beens. Iye analinso chidwi kuwerenga maganizo awo, dziko lamkati. wolemba amakhulupirira kuti tikukhala flophouse ndi umabala anthu ofooka amene sangathe kutsitsimutsa, kudzimvera kuzindikira. Iwo angakane chilichonse, kuphatikizapo moyo wawo. Zimenezi (mfundo zake - Sledgehammer) yotayikitsa, unpromising. Si yolimbikitsa, zabwino chiyambi. Ndi osakhutira amayamba ndi kusabala, zingabweretse yekha kukhumudwa ndi mkwiyo.

Tikhoza kunena kuti limakhulupirira Gorky (chithunzi cha iye anapatsidwa pamwamba) mu nkhani yake "anthu akale" kumapangitsa anthu a chiweruzo "pansi". Iwo sanatchule otchulidwa wopanda mphamvu ndipo anafooka. Analysis nkhani "anthu akale" zikusonyeza kuti iwo sangathe maganizo athu ndi zochita. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndi kuwulula ndi yanthaŵi wa imfa Ambuye. Maul, amene adakhulupirira munthu kukhala bwenzi, sindimakhoza kupeza ngakhale mawu anthu chifukwa cha izo. mavuto zimaonekera nkhani bosyatskogo mkombero m'tsogolo adzapitiriza kusintha mu masewero a Maksima Gorkogo.

Kusiyana mankhwala kuchokera zina zachidule thupi

The sewero thupi nkhani yaikulu ya fano inali ntchito zokhudza anthu otchulidwa, osati yeniyeni. olemba anali chidwi Mwachitsanzo, limba-chopukusira Petersburg, St. Petersburg wiper, madalaivala zashuga, akuluakulu, amalonda. Mu sewero luso amene analenga Gorky ( "anthu akale"), lonena za kafukufuku wa mawonekedwe a m'nkhaniyi, amene akugwirizana zinthu chikhalidwe. Zimphona zinali m'nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona, pansi pa moyo. Flophouse amasunga Aristide Sledgehammer, amene ali pachokha ndi "wakale" munthu, chifukwa iye ndi mkulu wa anapuma.

The pakalibe ngwazi autobiographical

Mwina kudziŵika ndi zina zina za mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, "anthu akale" si autobiographical ngwazi chithunzi odziwika kuti Gorky. The owerenga ntchito imeneyi, ngati iye akufuna kuti ubwenzi yekha pa zonse osati kuti akampereke kukhalapo kwake. Tikhoza kunena kuti udindo wake ntchito ya "anthu akale" Gorkogo Maksima ndi osiyana penapake kuposa mu mkombero "Mu Russia," kapena nkhani chikondi cha wolemba. The ngwazi autobiographical si wophunzira a m'nkhaniyi, mnzawo. mwatsatanetsatane Only anyamata chithunzi, zomwe ikutchedwa Sledgehammer chammwamba, ndi mapangidwe a mmene amachitira ena, ungatithandize kuona kuti makhalidwe autobiographical. Komabe, penapake ubwenzi wathu ndi ntchito ya owerenga ndi.

The kusintha kwa romanticism kuti Kuzindikira

Chinthu chachikulu chimene chimasiyanitsa "anthu akale" ku ntchito za Gorky, zokhudza ntchito kale - ndi kusintha kwa kutanthauzira chikondi cha chikhalidwe kuti zimathandizadi. wolemba akadali zikusonyeza anthu kwa anthu. Komabe, pempho lake kuti Kuzindikira lilili kusonyeza zambiri momveka bwino kusiyana mdima ndi kuunika, ofooka ndi amphamvu mbali ya chikhalidwe dziko, kusatsatira ake. Ndi nkhani ya kafukufuku tinachita "anthu akale".

Zikuoneka kuti wolemba, litatuluka udindo wa Kuzindikira, sangathe kupeza njira yothetsera mkangano mapeto a munthu (msinkhu wake) ndi kulephera zomvetsa chisoni kuzindikira moyo wake anthu "wakale", otsika chikhalidwe malo iwo amakhala. Invincibility nkhondo kumachititsa Gorky mu malo komaliza kubwerera zidzakhalira, achilendo romanticism. Only mu mchitidwe kusamvana angapezeke insoluble. wolemba analemba kuti panali chinachake osatekeseka ndi yomangika m'mitambo okhwima imvi, amene zophimbidwa kumwamba. Ngati pang'ono umayamba ankasewera ndi kusamba kuchotsa litsiro lonse ndi chisoni dziko lotopetsa. Cacikulu Komabe, malo m'chombocho. M'pofunika kunena mawu ochepa za izo.

malo

Mu nkhani oyambirira la wolemba chikondi malo cholinga chake chinali kutsindika chikhalidwe chapadera ndi wauzimu ndi kukongola kwa usiku kum'mwera, mantha nkhalango mdima ndi wosatha steppes ufulu akanatha kukhala maziko a Kuwulura ngwazi chikondi, pa mtengo wa moyo wake kudzinenera abwino wake. Tsopano Gorkiy Maksim ( "anthu akale") amatanthauza malo m'chombocho. Amacita cidwi ndi nkhope yake odana ndi zokongoletsa. Iwo amachitikira ife ndi mzinda yonyansa. Turbidity mtundu, kudetsa, pallor kukhazikitsa kudzimva kunyalanyaza malo omwe osowa moyo.

nkhondo

wolemba amayesetsa kumvetsa mmene kwambiri chikhalidwe ndi munthu angathe otchedwa "anthu akale". Iye ayenera kupeza ngati iwo ali mu zinthu zovuta zoweta ndi chikhalidwe, kusunga wauzimu, makhalidwe sanali chuma, sipangakhalenso kusiyana ndi dziko kotero kum'lakwira iwo. The peculiarity wa mkangano chifukwa ndendende mbali imeneyi ya nkhani. zosemphana ndi ntchito ali ndi khalidwe chikhalidwe. Pambuyo osowa mutu sledgehammer Petunnikoff zotsutsana ndi munthu wamalonda, ndipo mwana wake - ozizira, wamphamvu, wanzeru ndi mamembala ophunzira a bourgeoisie Russian.

Mlembi ali ndi chidwi ndi digiri wamkulu mbali zokhudza nkhondoyi, ndi kusafuna kumvetsa otchulidwa malo omwe Chiyembekezo zotheka, zofuna zawo. Si kudziko lina akufuna, ngakhale ndalama. Imeneyi ndi chiwonetsero cha udani wa woledzera osauka kwa mwakhama ndi munthu wolemera.

Gorky limasonyeza kupanda lathunthu la "anthu akale" zilandiridwenso, kukula mumtima, ntchito, kudzilemekeza wekha bwino. Koma makhalidwe amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa mwini. Iwo anapereka mu buku "Mayi" komanso ngwazi za trilogy wake autobiographical. Anthu okhala doss nyumba sangachite chilichonse kuti asiye zenizeni ozungulira, koma choyipa. Izi umawatsogolera iwo chimodzimodzi "pansi". mkwiyo wawo akutembenukira ndi iwo. Palibe anapanga anatsutsa wamalonda, "anthu akale".