"Arizona" (nkhondo) - m'manda mu 1177 kwa oyendetsa

Iwo ali masamba oopsa kuposa kale a lililonse dziko. Iwo maganizo losanganikirana. Koma chinthu chimodzi chofanana: iwo ayenera kukumbukira kupewa zisadzachitikenso. Mu US dzina tsamba wotereyo - "Arizona" - ndi nkhondo, amene anamwalira mu 1941 ndipo kunapangitsa kuti dziko la kulowa Wachiwiri World nkhondo.

Mmene onse anayamba?

The mzaka zana makumi awiri anayamba ndi kulimbana kwambiri ndi redivision a dziko. Pakuti Zombo Zankhondo anatanthauza wamakono. Mayiko mpikisano kusintha Mkhalidwe wa zombo zawo ndi kuwonjezeka chiwerengero chawo.

Mphamvu yaikulu ya Navy Nkhondo ankatengedwa. Ku Nkhondo m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi kunapezeka chitsanzo chosiyana a nkhondowo chotengera. Nkhondo ankatengedwa oyenera nawo kunkhondo ku squadron lapansi. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito kuwononga zombo za adani ndi pansiyi zida zankhondo thandizo kuchokera kudziko. Izi oti muli nazo zida mfuti katundu makina zida ndi likungosonyeza wa 280-460 mm. Adalira unali ndi anthu mazana khumi ndi asanu akhoza kukhala mkulu monga zikwi zitatu. Ndi pafupifupi kutalika m'chombo kuchokera mamita zana limodzi makumi asanu mpaka chikwi ndi mazana atatu kusamutsidwa ranged ku matani makumi awiri kuti munafa.

Chifukwa chachikulu woganizira mozama Zombo Zankhondo anali chilakolako cha limati kuti ukulu mu gulu lankhondo lamphamvu. Mayiko ambiri lolunjika pa nkhondo zombo. Ena anafotokoza ndege. Back mu 1922 ku United States ndi Britain anasaina Washington Pangano pa chiwerengero cha fleets la Japan, ndi US ndi Britain. Woyamba anapambana bwino kuti peresenti makumi anai okha pa mndandanda wa England ndi United States. The Japanese anaganiza kuti apambane owatsutsa mu ndege.

Mu mmasate, ndi zofuna za mayiko oyandikana akukumana chifukwa chuma mafuta. Army ndi Bulu ayenera mafuta, pamene Japan ndi zitsime zamafuta sanali. Ogulitsa golide wakuda panthawiyi mayiko a kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, monga Indonesia. chilakolako Japan ndi kulanda zinthu mafuta zinachititsa kuti zipolowe ndi United States.

Lamulo US anabweretsa kwa Hawaii (kumene ankayembekezera kuukira Japanese) ku California Zombo Zankhondo. Japanese asilikali poyankha Nkhondo poyera America ndi cruisers anayamba kukulitsa zombo zawo. Inapatsa Zombo Zankhondo ndi zida kuboola mabomba inasanduka ndege zonyamulira.

Pakati adasamutsidwa ku California, ndipo ngalawa inali nkhondo "Arizona".

Zosintha nkhondowo

Pa Brooklyn doko la zombo zapanyanja kumanga chombo "Arizona" unayambitsidwa mu March 1914. Ankadikira wakhala losagonjetseka asilikali wagawo mu nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuphana mphamvu za m'chombo ali ndi khalidwe la zida zake. American ankadikira "Arizona" anali pa bolodi ake nkhokwe chidwi zida mkulu-likungosonyeza mfuti khumi likungosonyeza 356 mamilimita; . Mfuti makumi awiri likungosonyeza 5 "/ 51; mfuti anayi likungosonyeza 76/23; sawatcha mfuti zinayi 47 mamilimita ndi awiri 1-pounders 37 mamilimita; mfuti ziwiri oponya a 533 mamilimita m'chombocho achuluka adalira - alonda 1385 ndi amuna.

miyeso kunja komanso kuuzira ulemu. Ndi kutalika mamita zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi makumi awiri lonse chombo tonnage anafika matani 31.400. Zolemba malire kuyenda liwiro - twente wani unit.

chombo chidali ndi mpanda wolimba angaloŵe pa madzi, iwo ali amphamvu moti mbali. Koma Japanese sankafuna kumenyana izo amafunika njira ya makolo. Zida ya sitimayo chapamwamba analibe mphamvu, ndi kuswa sikunali kovuta.

Kukonzekera kuukira Japan

Mu 1940, Hawaii ndi Zombo Zankhondo ena anafika "Arizona". Ankadikira kumbuyo m'munsi asilikali ku Pearl Harbor. America Abharaamu atawira kuti nkhondo kubwera kudzakhala nkhondo sitimayo. Koma Japanese sanaganize choncho.

Ndi 1941, gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi asilikali Yamamoto anakwanitsa kukhala ndi ndondomeko zapadera kuwononga nkhondo mpweya. Ndege, gulu la amuna atatu kuvula kuchokera chonyamulira ndege natengedwa pa bolodi chimodzi matani mabomba. Airspeed anafika makilomita mazana asanu pa ora. Popanda wopikisana naye ukulu mu airspace pa Pacific Ocean kunditumiza ku Japan.

The mphindi lotsiriza la nkhondo la "Arizona"

Seventh mu December 1941 - ndi chisoni ndiponso oopsa mutu mbiri US. Lamlungu m'maŵa, pamene doko la Pearl Harbor adalikugona mwamtendere, lamulo Japanese anapanga kuukira awiri pa doko asilikali. Anayamba pa seveni, eyiti inatenga mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. The chachiwiri mobwerezabwereza pa naini koloko inatenga mphindi makumi awiri. Pa mphindi khumi ndi chitatu wa woyamba kuukira (pa eyiti koloko mu maminiti asanu) anataya ankadikira "Arizona".

Kuukira Pearl Harbor anapanga makumi looneka ndi zoponya mabomba mazana atatu makumi asanu ndi atatu. Lililonse m'madzi ndipo ndege ali ntchito yake. Zoponya mabomba adzawonongedwa wa airfields, oponya zoponya mabomba akuukira mbali ziwiri za chilumba linga. Pa eyiti koloko mphindi zinayi bomba loyamba anagunda nkhondo, ndiyeno anayi. Bomba loyamba anagunda mbiya ya chida ndi kulumpha. A masekondi angapo kenako inaphulika ndi moto. Flames anafika kutalika mamita mazana awiri ndi makumi anai.

Imfa ya nkhondo "Arizona" kwachitika osati kuti anagundidwa ndi looneka ndi. Owononga chibadidwe oponya kugonjetsedwa, anapezeka.

umboni zopelekedwa

Ataima pafupi ndi chipatala sitima zidendene Dr. Eric Haakenson anajambula mphindi mmene la ndegeyo ndi bomba mu foredeck. Panali ufa kotunga warship. Zipolopolo chakumene ndi anachititsa funde la mabomba wotsatira. Chipinda kwa chipinda anatera mlengalenga. Ankadikira kuthyoka theka ndipo anayamba kukhazikika pansi. Onse chombo moto kuti m'kati kwa masiku atatu. chombo anataya.

The chifukwa cha kuukira Pearl Harbor

Pa anaukira anaphedwa anthu 1177. Pakati pawo, asilikali Ayzek zida. Iye anali m'mawa pa nkhondo ya. Asungidwa mphete kumasulidwa asilikali a Naval Academy, amene kalekale soldered ku komiti "Arizona" chotengera. Ankadikira anatsogolera Franklin Van Valkenburg, amene anali tsoka ogwira wake. Unit anapulumuka. Ndinakhala zaka ziwiri imachitika kusanthula wreckage lapansi. Iwo anakwanitsa kupulumutsa ku chitsulo thupi ukapolo 233 akufa. oyendetsa oposa mazana asanu nthawizonse kukhala pa ngalawa "Arizona". Ankadikira kuti madzi likadali.

anaukira amene anapha osati "Arizona". Ankadikira kuti wakhala umodzi wa Nkhondo anayi a asilikali apamadzi kumizidwa 7 December 1941. Awiriwo anakwanitsa kuchira kwa 1944. Anayi Nkhondo ena analandira osiyanasiyana kusalekerera zoipa. Ife anadwala kuukira Japanese ofunkha atatu, imodzi minelayer ndi cruisers atatu. US ndege anataya pafupi mazana awiri ndege. Iye anafa awiri ndi zikwi theka anavulala ndipo konfuzheny - chikwi ndi mazana awiri eyite-awiri.

Japanese anadabwa adzaukira ndi kuwonongedwa kwa US asilikali m'munsi pa chisumbu cha Pearl Harbor zinachititsa kuti zinthu zisinthe mu malingaliro andale US. Franklin Roosevelt akufuna kulengeza nkhondo pa Japan. December 7, 1941 - tsiku la United States analowa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ndipo chifukwa kuti ali motere: ndi nkhondo "Arizona" pansi chifukwa cha bomba la ndegeyo Japanese.

kukumbukira muyaya

Places kulambira kwa olowa "Arizona" inayamba mu 1950. Asilikali Arthur Radford, pamene mkulu wa US Pacific zombo, chinali chiyambi cha mwambo watsopano, kuukitsa mbendera polemekeza adalira anataya. Pakuti gawo ili la superstructure sitimayo anawachotsa, pamodzi m'mbali mwa yagoletsa milu konkire kwa mphamvu kamangidwe. Pa Nyumba Zam'mwamba anakhazikitsa hema wamng'ono, amene ankaoneka kukangamira pa zotsalira za nkhondo ya. mwambo kulemekeza "Arizona" oyendetsa pano ndi kuchita.

chipilala pamalo pomwe anamiza ankadikira "Arizona" inamangidwa mu 1962. Chikumbutso lili zotsalira za m'chombo, amene ali kuoneka bwino mwa pamwamba pa nyanja. Konkire dongosolo si kukhudza wamba nkhondo ya. Pakhomo kuti m'nyumbayi zovuta, alendo moni nangula anaukitsidwa kwa gulu la "Arizona".

Mu holo alendo waukulu kulabadira mazenera zisanu ndi ziwiri, kufanizira deti la imfa ya nkhondowo chotengera. Pa makoma a nyumbayi analembedwa mayina a panyanjawa akufa. Kuti tikafike kumeneko, muyenera kuthana ndi madzi chotchinga, dziko zosatheka. Pakuti mayiko alendo anamanga Marina.

Chitsimikizo cha chisoni chosatha

The kwambiri kwa America kusunga kukumbukira wosatha anthu amene anaphedwa 1177 oyendetsa amapereka mwa mfundo zambiri:

• Chachisanu May 1989 anasunga wamba ankadikira anali m'gulu chiwerengero cha malo dziko wosaiwalika.
• Asanabwere ake, chikumbukiro panafika anthu oposa wani miliyoni.

• Lililonse pulezidenti American pa zaka anakhala mu White House chofunika kamodzi kukaona malo umenewu. Lero, ulendo ku nkhondo achikumbutso "Arizona" mutu wa dziko wakhala mwambo.
• Mfumu ya Japan nawo mwambo wa kuika nkhata pa mndandanda wa a panyanjawa akufa.

Bakuman imfa ya nkhondo ya

mafunso ambiri za imfa ya nkhondo ya siinampezebe mayankho. Choncho, kuzungulira zochitika wosaiwalika wa December 7, 1941 pali nthano.

Mmodzi wa iwo chikugwirizana ndi chiwonongeko ngati mofulumira nkhondowo chotengera. Iwo amalankhula za polojekitiyi ikuluikulu ya torpedoes mu wamba m'chombo ndi olowa mabomba asanu kugunda. Koma "Arizona" analibe ngakhale flinch. Only bomba wina anagunda chitoliro wopita ku chiwonongeko cha nkhondo ya. Kasamalidwe Flue analozera kusatsatira a Baibulo limeneli. Kuwononga khalidwe la kugunda ichi ndi kuphulika wotsatira anapezeka.

Nthano moyo

Nthano adadza wachiwiri zaka zingapo pambuyo pa imfa ya ngalawa, pambuyo yomanga chikumbutso konkire pa malo a madzi osefukira ake. Nthawi padziko madzi kufalikira wochuluka banga. contours ake ofanana ndi misozi mmaso. Wofiirira-ofiira mtundu zikusonyeza kufanana ndi magazi. Alendo kuyesa chithunzi cha nkhondo "Arizona" pa mphindi ino. America amakhulupirira kuti njira ya nkhondo akulira maliro yotereyi akufa. Ndipotu, ndizoonekeratu ku omwe anachita dzimbiri amatseguka injini mafuta a chipinda engine. Koma nthano ndi kuwapereka kwa mibadwo ya m'tsogolo.