Cytostatics - ndichiyani? mndandanda wa mankhwala

Cytotoxic wothandizila - wothandizira amene pang'onopang'ono pansi pa ndondomeko ya kugawikana selo. Kusunga moyo wa chamoyo ndi zochokera luso maselo ake kugawanitsa, pamene maselo atsopano kutenga malo a okalamba, ndi akale, motero, akufa. Liwiro ndondomeko izi biologically anatsimikiza kuti thupi mothandizidwa ndi bwino okhwima maselo, chomwe chili chochititsa chidwi kuti aliyense limba kagayidwe kachakudya ndondomeko chimaposa pamlingo wosiyanasiyana.

Koma nthawi zina mlingo wa Chigawo selo amakhala waukulu kwambiri, maselo akale alibe nthawi ya kufa. Choncho ndi mapangidwe zotupa, mwa kulankhula kwina - zotupa. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi amakhala zogwirizana funso cytostatics - icho chiri ndi mmene angathandizire mankhwalawa khansa. Ndipo zimenezo, muyenera kuganizira mbali zonse za gulu la mankhwala.

Cytostatics ndi Oncology

Nthawi zambiri mu zochiritsira ntchito cytostatics amapezeka mu munda wa Oncology, kuti m'mbuyo kukula chotupa. Pa mankhwala, mankhwala ali zimakhudzanso maselo onse thupi, motero liwiro kagayidwe amapezeka zimakhala onse. Koma zotupa zilonda zotsatira za cytostatics chimaoneka mu zonse ndi liwiro mlingo wa kupitilira khansa.

Cytostatics ndi njira autoimmune

Komanso, wothandizila cytotoxic ntchito mankhwala a matenda autoimmune, chifukwa cha ntchito pathological wa chitetezo cha m'thupi chitetezo kuwononga antigens osati ozama mu zimakhala thupi zokha ndi maselo. zotsatira Cytostatic pa mafupa, kuchepetsa ntchito ya chitetezo chokwanira, umene matenda ali ndi mwayi kupita chikhululukiro.

Choncho, mankhwala cytotoxic ntchito matenda otsatirawa:

• zilonda zotupa khansa mu magawo oyambirira;
• lymphoma;
• khansa;
• zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus;
• nyamakazi;
• vasculitis;
• syndrome Sjogren ndi;
• matendawa.

Popeza kuti takambilana zikuonetsa yolandirira mankhwala ndi njira za kuopsa kwake pa thupi, zimaonekeratu kuti cytostatics ntchito, icho chiri, ndipo pamene iwo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

mitundu ya cytostatics

Cytostatics, amene ali m'munsiwa suthera magulu awa, koma adafuna kusiyanitsa izi magawo 6 a mankhwala.

1. alkylating cytostatic wothandizila - wothandizira amene angathe kuwononga DNA a maselo amene yodziwika ndi mlingo mkulu wa fission. Ngakhale digiri yapamwamba ya dzuwa, mankhwala olimbika zimachitikira, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za mankhwala nthawi zambiri ndi kudwala kwa chiwindi ndi impso monga machitidwe waukulu kusefera. Mwa kuchita zimenezi zikuphatikiza:

• mpiru;
• nitrourea opangidwa kuchokera;
• alkyl;
• ethylenimines.

2. alkaloids, cytotoxic nthumwi za chiyambi mbewu - mankhwala a kuchita chimodzimodzi, koma ndi zikuchokera chachilengedwe:

• taxanes;
• vinca alkaloids;
• podophyllotoxins.

3. Cytotoxic wothandizira, antimetabolites - mankhwala ziletsa zinthu nawo ndondomeko za mapangidwe chotupa, potero wotseka kukula:

• folate muzikangana;
• purine analogue;
• pyrimidine muzikangana.

4.Tsitostatiki-mankhwala - wothandizira antimicrobial ntchito antitumor:

• anthracyclines.

5. Cytotoxic wothandizira, mahomoni - mankhwala khansa kuti kuchepetsa kupanga mahomoni ena.

• progestins;
• antiestrogens;
• estrogens;
• antiandrogens;
• aromatase zoletsa.

6. Monoclonal chitetezo - chitetezo chongopeka analenga zofanana ukakhale ukuperekedwa maselo yeniyeni, mu nkhani iyi - zotupa.

kukonzekera

Cytostatics, mndandanda wa mankhwala amene anapereka m'munsimu, ndi chikalata yekha pa mankhwala ndi atengedwa okha pa zinthu okhwima:

• "Cyclophosphamide";
• "Tamoxifen";
• "Flutamide";
• "Sulfasalazine";
• "Chlorambucil";
• "Azathioprine";
• "Temozolomide";
• "Hydroxychloroquine";
• "Methotrexate".

Mndandanda wa mankhwala kukwana tanthawuzo la "wothandizira cytostatic" amakhudza kwambiri, koma mankhwala awa zotchulidwa madokotala zambiri. Kukonzekera amasankhidwa payekha kwa wodwala mosamala kwambiri, adokotala anafotokoza kuti wodwalayo chimene mavuto a cytostatics chifukwa, chimene icho chiri, ndipo kaya n'zotheka kuzipewa.

zotsatira zoyipazi

matenda ndondomeko ayenera kutsimikizira pamaso pa munthu wa matenda oopsa amene chithandizo chofunika cytostatics. Zotsatira zake zoyipa za mankhwala awa anasonyeza momveka bwino, iwo bwino kokha analekerera ndi odwala, komanso kunyamula thanzi la munthu. M'mawu ena, kulandira mankhwala cytotoxic - nthawi zonse chiopsezo chachikulu, koma mu Oncology ndi matenda autoimmune, chiopsezo cha kupanda mankhwala ndi apamwamba kuposa chiopsezo chingachitike mbali ya mankhwala.

Waukulu mbali zotsatira za cytostatics ndi zotsatira zake zoipa m'mafupa, motero lonse hematopoietic dongosolo. Ndi ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, omwe kawirikawiri chofunika mu mankhwala a khansa zotupa, ndi njira autoimmune, mwina chitukuko cha khansa.

Koma ngakhale ngati magazi a khansa zikhoza kupewedwa, kusintha zikuchokera magazi zivute zitani, zimakhudza machitidwe a machitidwe onse. Ngati kukhuthala kuchuluka kwa magazi, impso amakhudzidwa, ngati nembanemba glomerular muli katundu wamkulu, ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo akhoza kuonongeka.

Pa phwando cytostatics ayenera kukonzekera okhazikika matenda. Odwala amene anadutsa njira ya mankhwala ndi gulu, onani mmene zonse kufooka, kugona, amalephera kumvetsera pa ntchitoyo. Pakati ambiri amadandaula monga mutu, amene ali pano mosalekeza ndipo sakonda kupewedwa analgesics.

Akazi nthawi chithandizocho zambiri amakumana ndi kuyan'anila za msambo ndipo kulephera pakati mwana.

Matenda a dongosolo m'mimba ndi kuwonetseredwa monga nseru ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri zimenezi zimachititsa amafuna asagwiritse zakudya wake ndi kuchepetsa kudya chakudya, womwe kumabweretsa matenda odana ndi chakudya.

Osati woopsawo thanzi, koma zotsatira zosasangalatsa mbali ya mankhwala cytostatic ndi tsitsi imfa pa mutu ndi thupi. Pambuyo kuthetsedwa kumene, monga ulamuliro, kukula tsitsi tikupitiriza.

Pa mfundo imeneyi, n'zotheka kutsindika kuti yankho ku funso la cytostatics - icho chiri, muli mfundo osati za ubwino wa mtundu uwu wa mankhwala, komanso chiopsezo thanzi ndi bwino kukhala pa nthawi ya ntchito zake.

Chikuonetseratu malamulo cytostatics

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti cytostatic kumakhudza mwachindunji pa ntchito ya chitetezo cha m'thupi, inhibiting izo. Choncho, m'kati mwa munthu akakhala atengeke matenda aliwonse.

Popewa matenda, muyenera kutsatira miyezo chitetezo siziwoneka m'madera woipa lalikulu la anthu, kuvala zoteteza gauze bandeji ndi ntchito njira yapafupi ya antivayirasi chitetezo (oxolinic mafuta) kupewa hypothermia. Ngati matenda a matenda kupuma mpaka pano, muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo mwamsanga.

Zochepetsera mavuto?

mankhwala amakono limachititsa kuchepetsa zovuta mavuto kunachitika odwala kulandira mankhwala cytotoxic. mankhwala Special kuti ndigwire gag reflex mu ubongo kuti n'zotheka kukhalabe boma yachibadwa thanzi ndi ntchito pa chithandizo.

Childs, piritsi akutengedwa m'mawa, ndiye izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuonjezera mode kumwa mpaka malita 2 madzi patsiku. Cytostatics ambiri excreted ndi impso Choncho particles akhoza zakhazikika zimakhala a chikhodzodzo, kupereka akutivutitsa. A wambirimbiri wambiri madzimadzi pafupipafupi voiding limachititsa kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphamvu ya mankhwala cytostatic pa chikhodzodzo. Makamaka zofunika mosamala tidzikhuthule chikhodzodzo asanagone.

Kafukufuku pa chithandizo

Chikuonetseratu cytostatics amafuna Kupenda zonse za thupi. Osachepera kamodzi pamwezi, wodwala ayenera mayeso kusonyeza mphamvu ya impso, chiwindi, dongosolo la mwazi:

• Ndondomekoyi;
• umagwirira magazi pa mlingo wa creatinine, alt ndi Ast;
• ndi kusanthula wodzala mkodzo;
• kuyeza CRP.

Choncho, podziwa zinthu zonse zogwirizana za zofunikira cytostatics, chimene icho chiri, chimene mitundu ya mankhwala ndi m'mene izo, inu mukhoza kuwerenga pa nyengo madokotala ananena zawo mankhwala a khansa matenda autoimmune.