Liniya sitimayo. Nkhondo ya Russian Imperial Navy

Nkhondo - boti warship ku mtengo ndi kusamutsidwa matani mpaka 6 zikwi .. Iwo anali 135 mfuti pa mbali, anakonza m'mizere angapo, ndi kwa mamembala 800 adalira. zotengera akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kunkhondo mwa nyanja ndi ntchito otchedwa machenjerero liniya anamenyapo zaka 17-19.

Maonekedwe a Nkhondo

Dzina "liniya ngalawa" bwino kuyambira nthawi ngalawa. Pa nyanja nkhondo mnogopalubniki alimbane mu mzere umodzi kupereka salvo mfuti adani. Ndi moto munthawi yomweyo ochokera pa bolodi mfuti chinaperekedwa zinawonongeka kwambiri kwa mdani. Posakhalitsa, njira imeneyi itadziwika monga omenyera nkhondo. Popanga sitima mu mzere pa nkhondo nyanja anayamba ntchito mwa English ndi fleets Spanish m'zaka za m'ma 17.

Makolo a Nkhondo ndi galleons ndi zida lolemera, Carrack. Kutchula koyamba za iwo anaonekera mu Europe m'zaka za m'ma 17. Izi Nkhondo zitsanzo anali mbandakucha kwambiri ndi yankholi galleons. makhalidwe amenewa awalola akamagwiritsa msanga, ndiye kuti mukhale munzere pambali mdani. Kunali koyenera kumanga njira yakuti mphuno mwa sitimayo lotsatira anali kwenikweni imatsogoleredwa kudyetsa wina m'mbuyomu. Chifukwa sanali mantha kuika sitima bolodi pansi adani? Chifukwa multilayer nkhuni mbali anali chitetezo chodalirika kwa maso mdani sitimayo.

The ndondomeko kukhala Nkhondo

Anatulukira mnogopalubny nkhondo boti, zimene ziri zaka zoposa 250, wakhala njira yaikulu ya Pomenya nkhondo pa nyanja. Bwino Kodi chilili, chifukwa njira yatsopano ya mawerengedwe a nyumba wakhala zotheka kudula madoko mfuti mabwalo ena pachiyambi penipeni pa ntchito yomanga. Motero, zinali zosatheka kuwerengetsa mphamvu ya sitimayo musanagulitse anapezerapo. Mu zaka za m'ma 17, panali kusiyana pakati pa magulu:

1. Akale awiri decker. zombo izo amene adzikometsa zili pamwamba pa ena. Amachita 50 mfuti kuwombera pa mdani pawindo mbali ya sitimayo. Izi luso anali silamphamvu kukhala mzere wa nkhondo, ndipo makamaka ntchito ngati convoy kuperekezedwa.
2. zombo kawiri sitimayo liniya ndi chiwerengero cha mfuti 64 90 kuimira gawo lalikulu la zombo za.
3. Three- kapena zinayi ngalawa 98-144 mfuti nkhondowo, ankaimba udindo wa akatswiri. Zombo munali 10-25 sitima zoterozo zikhoza kulamulira mizere malonda mwambo nkhondo kuti asalalikire kwa mdani.

Kusiyana kwa Nkhondo ina

zida chilikupita ku frigates ndi Nkhondo ya yomweyo - atatu Posakhalitsa. Ulendo uliwonse kwenikweni azipereka matanga lalikulu. Koma frigate ndi mzere ngalawa ndi kusiyana. Akale ali chimodzi chokha chatsekedwa batire, ndi liniya magalimoto angapo. Komanso chiwerengero cha mfuti yotsirizira zambiri monga izi imakhudzanso kutalika kwa mkanda wa. Koma frigates kuuluka ndi ungatithandizire ngakhale m'madzi osaya.

Kuyambira matanga galleon sitima mzere molunjika ndi osiyana. Komanso, yotsirizira alibe nsanja amakona anayi pa kumbuyo ndi pa fungo loipa uta. Ankadikira galleon ndi amphamvu liwiro ndi maneuverability, komanso mu zida zankhondo nkhondo. Yotsirizira kwambiri yoti chiphaso nkhondo. Komanso, nthawi zambiri ntchito yonyamula asilikali ndi zinthu zina.

Maonekedwe a Nkhondo mu Russia

Pamaso pa ulamuliro wa Peter Sindinali nyumba ku Russia. Woyamba Russian sitima mzere amatchedwa "pitani Kusankhulidwa". Ndi makumi za m'ma 18 mu Russian Imperial yapamadzi kuti ali 36 ziwiya zimenezi. Pachiyambi zinali wathunthu buku zitsanzo Western, koma kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wa Peter Ine, liniya zombo Russian anayamba ake mbali mwini chosiyana. Iwo anali wamfupi kwambiri, analibe shrinkage, amene zikuwononga amakhudza seaworthiness. Ngalawa zimenezi bwino kwambiri wosakanikirana ndi zikhalidwe za nyanja ya Azov, kenako Nyanja Baltic. Amagwira ntchito pulani ndiponso kumanga mfumu yekha anatenga. Dzinali - pa Russian Imperial Navy ankavala bulu ndi Russia October 22, 1721 pa April 16, 1917. alonda Naval akanangokhoza kutumikira anthu ku olemekezeka ndi panyanja zombo - kulemba anthu usilikali kwa anthu wamba. The moyo utumiki wa Navy iwo anali moyo wonse.

Ankadikira "khumi Atumwi"

"12 Atumwi" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1838 ndi anapezerapo mu 1841 mu mzinda wa Mykolayiv. Ndi ngalawa ndi mifuti 120 pa bolodi. Okwana panali 3 Russian bulu chotengera cha mtundu uwu. Ngalawa zimenezi anali odziwika osati kwa kukongola kwake ndi kukongola kwa maonekedwe, iwo analibe ofanana kunkhondo pakati sailboats lapansi. Ankadikira "12 Atumwi" anali mbali yoyamba ya Russian Imperial apanyanja, amene anali watsopano paixhans mfuti armament.

tsoka kwa sitimayo kwambiri moti sanathe nawo nkhondo iliyonse ya Black Sea zombo. thupi lake anatsala labwinobwino koma sanalandire mabowo iliyonse. Koma chombo uyu anakhala pakati chitsanzo maphunziro, izo zipangitsa chitetezo cha forts Russian ndi mipanda mu West Caucasus. Komanso, ngalawayo chinkhoswe mu mayendedwe a asilikali ndi dziko analowa ulendo wautali kwa miyezi 3-4. Kenako, chotengeracho anasefukira.

Zifukwa Nkhondo anataya phindu

Udindo wa zombo matabwa a mzere monga mphamvu yaikulu ya nyanja kugwedezeka chifukwa cha chitukuko cha zida zankhondo. Lolemera mabomba ndi mfuti mosavuta atagonjetsa nkhuni gulu mabomba modzaza ufa lotayirira, potero kupangitsa kuwononga kwambiri galimoto ndi kuchititsa moto. Ngati pamaso pa zida zankhondo sankaimira loopsa kwambiri kwa hulls sitima mfuti ndi mabomba akhoza kuyamba pa pansi pa Nkhondo Russian yekha angapo kumenya. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, panali funso za chitetezo nyumba anapanga zitsulo zida.

Mu 1848, iye anatulukira tinakwera wononga ndi injini ndi wamphamvu nthunzi, sailboats kotero matabwa pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuchoka siteji. Ena ngalawa refitted ndipo akukonzani mayunitsi nthunzi. Komanso, sitima zingapo lalikulu matanga anamasulidwa chizolowezi chawo otchedwa liniya.

Nkhondo ya Russian Imperial Navy

Mu 1907, gulu latsopano ziwiya, mu Russia iwo amatchedwa liniya, kapena chidule mawonekedwe - Nkhondo. Izi oti muli nazo zida zida zankhondo Zombo Zankhondo. kusamutsidwa awo ndi 20 ndi 65 zikwi. Tonnes. Ngati Tikayerekeza zombo liniya m'ma 18, ndipo Nkhondo, yotsirizira ndi kutalika kwa 150 ndi 250 m. Pa manja ndi likungosonyeza chida ku mamilimita 280 kwa 460. The gulu la nkhondo la - kuyambira mu 1500 mpaka anthu 2800. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito ngalawa kuwononga mdani mu zikuchokera asilikali ndi zida zankhondo kuthandiza ntchito nthaka. dzina lache linaperekedwa ku zombo osati pokumbukira kutumiza mizere, monga chifukwa iwo anali kutsitsimutsa mzere kupezerapo nkhondo.