Simeon Bekbulatovich: yonena za moyo wake, chithunzi, ulamuliro tsiku, kusintha

Tsar Ivan Grozny anali wotchuka okha kusintha kwake kuti analola Russia kuti atenge malo ake oyenera mwa mphamvu zamphamvu nthawi, komanso eccentricities, zikusonyeza ena palibe chodabwitsa zosakwana misa Kuphedwa chifukwa cha unpredictability ake. Chimodzi cha zimene anali Mfumu Simeon Bekbulatovich. tsiku lake leni leni lobadwa silikudziwika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mabuku ambiri, nthawi zambiri zotsutsana, umboni wa gulu lake otchedwa.

Simeon Bekbulatovich: MBIRI (wachinyamata)

Za ubwana wa munthu, amene pambuyo ngakhale mwachidule anatenga mpandowachifumu, pang'ono amadziwika. Sain-Bulat Khan anali mwana wa Bek-Bulat - m'banja la Genghis Khan ndi Sultan Nogai gulu. agogo ake Ahmet anali wolamulira lotsiriza la Golden gulu, amene anapitiriza kugwira mu kudalira ndale za Moscow akalonga.

Ivan Chachinayi anaitanidwa Bek-Bulat ndi mwana wake ndi utumiki wake. Mkulu wakale anaperekedwa zoopsa ndipo anakhala monga msilikari wabwino, pambuyo pa imfa yake, iye ali ngati Sain-Bulat.

Mwa dongosolo la Mfumu wamng'ono kalonga anakwatira msungwana wotchuka banja boyar - Maria Andreyevna Kleopinoy-Kutuzov. Ndipo kotero iye anaima ndi malo ake pamwamba anthu otchuka Russian, chifukwa iye anali mtundu wa Genghis, ndi ukwati ndi ana achifumu Russian analimbitsa okha udindo wake.

Kulamulira Kasimov

Pamene mchitidwe alipo, olamulira Russian zambiri chinapangitsa anapempha Chitata akalonga adzalandira mzinda wonsewo. Choncho, palibe amene anadabwa pamene, mu 60s mochedwa Simeon Bekbulatovich yoikidwiratu Khan mu Kasimov, nthawi yomweyo analandira udindo wa "Mtumiki", pamene ngakhale boyars kwambiri bwino wobadwa ankatchedwa yekha "kapolo Ivana Groznogo."

Mu ulamuliro wa Simeon Bekbulatovich Kasimov iye anachita nawo ku Livonia nkhondo, komanso kuyenda ulendo mu Zalipidwa, mtedza ndi Kolyvan. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pa kuumirira Ivana Groznogo, anabatizidwa ndipo anatenga dzina la Simeon. Ndi nthawi Bekbulatovich anali wamasiye ndipo anakwatiwanso kwa posachedwapa mwamuna wake anamwalira ndi Mfumukazi Anastasia Cherkassy.

Kudzera ukwati Simeon Bekbulatovich - mfumu Kasimov - kuyandikana ndi banja lachifumu, monga mwa mitsempha ya mkazi wake wachiwiri anali magazi Sofii Paleolog.

Mu ukwati, banjalo ana aamuna atatu ndi aakazi atatu.

N'chifukwa chiyani kulanda mphamvu?

Kufikira tsopano, chifukwa chimene Ivan Grozny ankachitika pa mutu wa boma ngati inconspicuous munthu, Simeon Bekbulatovich, akhala nkhani yofotokoza mbiri yakale.

Pali Mabaibulo ambiri. Malinga ambiri Ivanu Groznomu zinachitika malodza imfa chayandikira cha wolamulira wa zonse Russia Choncho, ankafika pa mpando wachifumu munthuyo, nayembekeza kunyengeza tsoka. Palinso kumverera kuti akufuna kusamuka kwa kanthawi mu mthunzi kuti awulule adani awo obisika. Olemba mbiri ena atapereka ndi kungoganizira, ndi kuti Choncho mfumu ankafuna nacho otchuka kusakhutira, amene ali kovuta kuti achire zoopsa zimene iye anali kupirira pamene oprichnina ndi, "kusuntha mivi" pa mkulu mlendo.

Pampando wachifumu wa boma Russian

Chirichonse chimene chinali, mu 1575, Ivan m'khutu analamula kuti korona mfumu Simeon Bekbulatovich omwe akutipatsa mutu wa "Grand Prince wa Russia." Iye yekha anasamuka ndi banja lake ku boma la Russia kuti Petrovka. Pankhaniyi, dziko yokhala wogawanika, kusonyeza Ivanov Moscow monga anaganiza tsopano kuti dzina "wakale" wolamulira wa dziko, zamasiye. Pali anayamba maganizo ake, amene anathamanga ndi Godunov, The Wamaliseche ndi Bielski.

Total mfumu yatsopano analamulira miyezi 11. Panthawi imeneyi, malinga ndi akazembe lina ndipo anatenga kuchokera amonke ndi mipingo makalata onse, anadandaula kwa zaka mazana, ndi kuwononga. Komanso, ndi lamulo la Simeon yokhala Komatu ndi dongosolo la Ivan m'khutu, anaphedwa ena ogwira, amene anafika kwa iye pambuyo oprichnina, koma sanali kuyembekezera. Choncho zinachitikadi wina "zikulilima woyera" mu echelons chapamwamba mphamvu.

Simeon Bekbulatovich ndi kusintha zake zinali bwino lomwe m'zinthu a m'nthawi yake, koma zipolowe, zomwe Ivan Grozny anayamba kuopa sizinachitike.

kusamutsidwa

Kutsimikiza kuti reshuffle ndale ndi bwino, KWAMBIRI anasonyeza "kusakhutira" akhalidwe Simeon ndipo "amakakamizidwa" kuyendetsa ndodo kubwezera zoipa, mavuto amene anayambitsa mpingo.

Pa wamng'ono kwambiri, kanthu Ivan IV anali kuperekedwa kwa anthu ndi anthu otchuka mu kuwala. Mfumu walola kuti ayambirenso zilembo zichotsedwa, koma wadutsa iwo m'malo ake, kusunga ndi kuwonjezera chuma cha mfumu ya mayiko mpingo. Komanso, anali mphekesera kuti ambiri mwa akuluakulu a tchalitchi alipire ndalama zambiri kuti achire osachepera gawo la chuma mchitidwe awo.

Monga lipoti maboma awo kwa akazembe yachilendo, naperewera pa ulamuliro lalikulu la Simeon Bekbulatovich (tsiku la inalowa ufumu silikudziwika, koma asayansi amakhulupirira kuti zinachitikadi mu October 1576) walola Ivanu Groznomu popanda kumva ululu uliwonse achotse mbali yaikulu ya chuma mu Mpingo, komanso amasonyeza onse osakhutira kuti " mwinanso kayendetsedwe koipa ".

kulamulira

Pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa Simeon Bekbulatovich (chithunzi m'munsimu) anauzidwa kuti akatumikire ku Tver, kumene anapatsidwa tsogolo latsopano. Komabe, iye anakhalabe mutu wa Grand Duke, amene anali ndi Ivan. Komabe, otsiriza nthawi yomweyo mu zikalata zofunikira ankatchedwa adakali mfumu. Opanda mphamvu, umene ndi Wochokera yokhala okha, Simeon Bekbulatovich wakhala mmodzi wa nzika yaikulu ya nthawi. Malinga ndi alembi buku anasunga chuma chake, analemba za 1580, mu lina la Tver ndi Mikulinsky zigawo iye anali mmodzi dziko okha olimapo kuti maekala 13.500. Komanso Anapatsidwa mwayi wapadera, amene kumpatsa ufulu Levy misonkho misonkho mokomera awo, omwe saloledwa zina, ngakhale mkulu kwambiri, kutumikira anthu a ufumu wa Moscow.

ntchito zina

Popeza kuti mapeto a 1577 kwa zaka 5 Simeon Bekbulatovich anatenga mbali maudani ndi Poland. Komabe, zotsatira mu munda, sikunali kotheka kuti apindule, chifukwa sakanatha mtima kapena talente imodzi ya mtsogoleri wa.

Atamwalira Ivana Groznogo mu 1588 Grand Duke Simeon kwa kanthawi iye anakhalabe malo ake okwezeka. Komabe, ine kuyandikira pafupi ndi mpando wachifumu wa Boris Godunov anamukwiyira kwambiri sintha achinyamata Tsar Feodor Choyamba ndi Tver kalonga.

chamanyazi

Atakhala mfumu, Godunov analamula boyars kulumbira kulumbira kuti iwo sali kanthu kwa kulanda mpando wachifumu Simeon Bekbulatovich kapena ana ake. Komanso, iye anapezeka chochitira kuthetsa ndi Woyesana owopsa kwa mphamvu mu dziko, wachibale wa Simeon Bekbulatovich - I. Mstislav - anali nawo mmodzi wa ziwembu m'bale onse wamphamvu mfumu chilamulo, ndipo iye anamangidwa, akale "wolamulira wa zonse Russia" Iye anavutika opal. Iye anachotsa katundu ndi ulemu, koma osati ukapolo, kulola kukhala mu womwe kale unali likulu yodziwika Kushaline.

Godunov mantha anali sanatsatire, monga ena olemekezeka kwenikweni akufuna chiwembu kuti kulamulira mfumu, amene anali kale wotanganidwa mpando wachifumu ndi chilolezo cha Ivana Groznogo. Chiwembu panafika odziwika kanjedza zandale za nthawi, monga Theodore Nikitich Romanov ndi Belsky. zochita zawo adakwiya, ndi Simeoni, malinga ndi malipoti ena, khungu.

monasticism

Iye anaiwala wake ndipo anali atagwa manyazi Simeon Bekbulatovich anayamba kufunafuna kumacheza ndi chikhulupiriro ovomerezedwa. Iye anamanga akachisi komanso kupereka nsembe kwa mchitidwe. Tikaona maphunziro awa, iye amayenera kutenga tchuti pa inalowa Dimitri Choyamba, amene poyamba anamuitana kuti Moscow ndi caressed. Komabe zimenezi sizinakhalitse, ndi wochititsa chifundo wonyenga m'ndende kwa mu St. Cyril-Belozersky obisika. Anasunga ngakhale chikalata yolembedwa ndi iye, kulangiza ndi abbot wa agulupa kuti atenge zowinda Simeon Bekbulatovich ndi kulemba za izo kwa iye.

April 3, 1616 mfumu kale anatenga malonjezo kumene kumakhala Amonke pansi pa dzina la Stephen. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Simeon Bekbulatovich, amene yonena akukumbutsa ulendo buku, anakhalako zaka pafupifupi monga mkaidi.

zamuchitikirazo litamkiramkira pamene Vasilii Shuyskom, mmonke kupita ku Solovki.

masiku owawa wa Simeon wake, amenenso mmonke Stefan anamaliza Moscow mu 1616 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Simonov obisika.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa amene anali Simeon Bekbulatovich, zaka za moyo kuti zitha anafotokoza mwina (1540s - 1616 TH). Chifukwa nayenso lakuthwa mu moyo wake, limene linali pa mpando wachifumu Russian, akadali mutu wa kutsutsana ndi azambiriyakale ndi chodziwikiratu nthawi kuti anaika.