Ndicho NEP chiyani - mfundo zachuma wa USSR mu 1920s chiyani?

The Policy Chatsopano Economic (NEP) - mndandanda wa miyeso chuma cha Bolshevik Party pa kuchotsa Soviet Union mwa mavuto mu 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Ngati ife kulankhula za NEP lalifupi, ndi chitsitsimutso cha njira payekha.

Zimayambitsa Chatsopano Policy Economic

Policy a nkhondo chikominisi zinachititsa kuti chotupa wathunthu ubale zachuma pakati m'mizinda ndi m'midzi. anthu Urban zinali zovuta kwambiri m'njira yakuti iwo sadamlandire mlingo woyenerera wa mankhwala m'mudzi. kuphana Traditional zachuma linathyoka pamene mzinda anagula katundu m'mudzi ndalama. Komanso, alimi ayamba mndandanda wa zipolowe motsutsa expropriation mfundo chakudya.

Mobwerezabwereza zalembedwa nthawi imene asilikali zolembera kunja kwa mzinda m'mudzi Anatengako m'matangadza onse tirigu. Monga tikudziwa, zinali njala yaikulu kwambiri, kotero zionetsero osauka chifukwa chakuti zifukwa cholinga mu 1921.

dziko kufuzika ndi World Choyamba ndi Civil nkhondo zawonongedwa asapita onse zachuma ndi kumayiko ena. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi ubale zamtendere. utsogoleri Soviet anamvetsa kuti panthawi imeneyi popanda kubwezeretsa ubale ndi m'mayiko dziko kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Chifukwa china kulephera kwa malamulo a nkhondo chikominisi anali kumvetsetsa utsogoleri kuti kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuti chikominisi ndi zosatheka.

ndicho NEP chiyani?

Kusintha woyamba zachuma, sipangakhalenso monga chiwonetsero cha NEP anafotokoza, inayamba mu 1922-1923 motero. ntchito Main NEP (mwachidule) - ndi zochita umalimbana chikusintha miyoyo ya anthu.

Poyamba kunali koyenera kuti abwezeretse dongosolo la ndalama la dziko, anawonjezera malonda chakudya ndi katundu mafakitale. The Bolsheviks kudzifufuza kuti kunyamuka sinachitikepo ndi msonkhano wakonzedwa Kupha mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dziko la stupor wake.

Kuti amvetsetse chimene chili chofunika kwa NEP, kuyerekeza ndi malamulo a nkhondo chikominisi.

Mbali yaikulu ya ndondomeko ya zachuma ya Civil nkhondo ndi expropriation katundu kuchokera Amaya. Mawu osavuta, asilikali kapena boma oimira akanakhoza kutenga mankhwala bezoplatnoy. Party utsogoleri anamvetsa bwino lomwe kufunika kwa oyamba a NEP, tebulo kuposa nthawi 1918-1921 ndi 1922-1929 zaka adzakusonyezani izi momveka.

Events NEP

Mu ndondomeko yatsopano boma anathamangitsa ena kusintha. Taganizirani zimene akamanena za NEP mu gawo ndalama.

Monga mukudziwa, zaka zingapo ubale chofunika ndalama mu dziko anali pafupifupi mazira. Mu kusintha 1922 ndalama zinachitikadi. A yatsopanoyi (ducat) anazindikira mayiko a azungu, kotero mwayi kugwira wotuluka kuwombola yachilendo. Pa nthawi, anayambiranso malonda onse domestically ndipo amagona ndi achilendo.

NEP mu ulimi

zasintha kwambiri anapangidwa ulimi. Amaya potsiriza anathokoza ku goli la chikominisi nkhondo, chifukwa mu 1921, anathetsa requisitioning. Kumene, kwathunthu msonkho si anamasulidwa. msonkho chakudya polima, koma inali nthawi zosakwana 2 kuposa mlingo wa ubweya wa. Anandilola msonkho uyu ndalama. Wamba osaukitsitsa anamasulidwa kulipira msonkho. Anthu a m'mudzimo yomweyo kumvetsa zimene akamanena za NEP. mawonekedwe ubwenzi ndi zoyenera, ndipo ambiri sanafune kupita ku minda losonkhanitsidwa mu 1930-1932, motero.

chitukuko makampani

Mu mafakitale miyezo NEP anali nkhanza. likulu Private ayambanso kugwira ntchito muzochitika zosiyana za ulimi. M'madera amene boma sanafune kufooketsa kukopa kwawo, milandu losakanizika likulu anakumana kuntchito. Control pa ntchito amakampani ali utachepa, kotero akagwire ntchito chuma wakhala mosavuta. asinthire mu njira ya boma yomweyo ndalama zakunja anayamba aganyali kugwilira latsopano.

The zotsatira za NEP mu USSR

mfundo NEP, tebulo ndi zomwe zotsatira pamaso panu, koma zabwino, anali ndi zotsatira zoipa.

Koma kufunika kwa nthawi Chatsopano Policy Economic mu chitukuko cha boma Soviet n'zovuta Musaone. Dzikoli n'kulipeza zinthuzo zovuta 10 ntchentche za zana la 20.