Siberia mlombwa: photos, malongosoledwe a mitundu, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Mlombwa Siberia sayansi ankadziwika ndi Latin dzina la Juniperus sibirica. Komabe, lero dzina ndi maganizo ndithu. Ena amakonda kunena kuti pali chabe mlombwa wamba. Siberia (zithunzi zomwe zaperekedwa mu nkhaniyi) - izo amenewa zosiyanasiyana zimene umakhala Siberia, koma kusiyana saloledwa kupatula zomwe lawolawo.

zambiri

Dzina mitundu "Siberia mlombwa" chifukwa peculiarities wa kukula. Mu mbewu, ngati junipers ena, anatsika kuchokera cypresses, ndipo banja kuti mwini.

Kufotokozera za mlombwa Siberia zikuwonekera - ndi chitsamba chilichonse chimene thickly, otsika chafalikiradi. Kutalika kwa sangafanane umalandira mita, zambiri - zosaposa theka mita. Chimakula makamaka mapiri a Siberia ndi Far East. Mu gawo European la Russia Siberia mlombwa amapezeka m'madera kozizira.

Mlombwa: wamba Siberia

Ngakhale asayansi ena akunena kuti Siberia - ziri kwenikweni wamba mlombwa, pali akatswiri amene ali ndi udindo osiyana. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti mu Russian Arctic, Siberia mlombwa (chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa mbewu kulola kulankhula zokhudza kukhala mbali khalidwe la subspecies ndi) m'malo mlombwa wamba, monga gulu lachiwiri mu Arctic zakutchire zimachokeradi.

Ngati zikhalidwe za gawo European la Russia ndi ku madera a kum'mwera kwa kulima mlombwa Siberia vuto zofuna chidwi, monga kufunika kulenga zinthu mulingo woyenera zomera kumpoto m'madera a mapiri anali kukula pa m'madera ambiri. Monga ulamuliro, izo zimawonedwa pa malo atachuluka miyala kumapiri mtunda. Iwo kukula mu placers ndi malo osowa yolimba, m'nkhalango ya mkungudza.

Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi maonekedwe

mitundu yonse ya mlombwa Siberia amafanana ndi mnzake mu maonekedwe - conifers, kutalika osati choposa mita. Timapepala ta ali ngati masingano ndi kukula mu utatu, monga iwo amati sayansi, whorled. Mphukira poyamba yokutidwa ndi glossy kutumphuka kuwala bulauni. Chomera limamasula m'chaka, koma zipatso kucha dikirani chabe kwa zaka ziwiri (kapena) chitsamba. Iwo adzaimba pafupi ndi kugwa.

Biologically mlombwa Siberia limanenedwa ngati chomera dioecious. Kutanthauzira mwamuna ndi zomera yaikazi ndi Chophweka njira ya tokhala. Mbali yoyamba, iwo ang'ono, chikasu ndi mkazi tchire m'munsi flakes opaque, ndi pamwamba atatu, wodzilemekeza ovules.

Kamodzi umuna kumachitika, flakes pamwamba kukuza ndi kuphatikiza, kusandutsa mu wosanjikiza mafupa okhaokhayo mwaikamo mnofu. Popeza pali mapangidwe shishkoyagody. Poyamba chipatso cha mlombwa Siberia ali ndi kulocha wobiriwira, koma mtundu zimasiyanasiyana ndi kusasitsa ndi shishkoyagody kwasanduka wakuda ndi, yokutidwa ndi phula bluish. Chitsamba akhoza kukula kwa zaka 600, ndipo amapereka ndizochuluka pa intervals wa zaka 3-5.

Features gulu

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mlombwa mu zolembedwa mu 1968 ndi Eric Hulten pa zomera Alaska. Komanso anafufuza zomera kukula pa pafupi ndi gawo la Alaska. Pano mukhoza kupeza zithunzi za mlombwa Siberia. Komabe, wasayansi anali otsimikiza kuti Alaska, Kamchatka ndi Magadan pafupi kukula mtundu umodzi wokha wa zomera - Juniperus communis subspecies nyenyezi yaing'ono.

Koma mu 1960 boma la Soviet Union linasindikizidwa ntchito zina za olemba katswiri A. Tolmachev. Mu maganizo ake, Far East, Siberia, kumadzulo Alaska gawo - malo a kukula mlombwa Siberia. Hulten dzina ili m'gulu n'chimodzimodzi ndi mawu akuti "wamba yofanana ndi mkungudza."

Kodi ndi mmene kukula

Pa madera awa mlombwa amapezeka omangidwa. Kwenikweni, nthawi zambiri palibe Chukotka kapena Wrangel Island, koma Kamchatka ndi Magadan pafupi zomera Tingaone m'madera ena. Kawirikawiri ndipamene m'nkhalango ya zokwawa zitsamba, kuphimba miyala osati yokutidwa ndi otsetsereka miyala, nkhalango deciduous. Mlombwa m'madera opanda nkhalango - subalpine lamba.

Apainiya za mbewu tcheru kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1856, izo kukumbukira kuti kawirikawiri ohotku mlombwa ndi kukula pakati pa mitengo ya mitundu zipatso ndipo palibe wina ku am'deralo sagwiritsa ntchito. Mu 1948, tinaona kuti ku Kamchatka mlombwa komanso si ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale mwa kuchuluka kwa tchire m'deralo. Mu 1862, A. M'tengo anasonyeza kuti wa mlombwa zipatso akhoza kuphikidwa ndi kvass zodabwitsa, koma Kolyma am'deralo mulibe ntchito yokonza zakumwa kapena ayi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ananena kuti mlombwa m'dera lino ikukula kwambiri.

Mlombwa: chuma wachibadwa

asayansi amakono kudziwa motsimikiza: zipatso za onunkhira, chitsamba lokongolali wolemera zothandiza zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu anthu. N'chifukwa chake funso chodzala Siberia mlombwa chidwi osati Botanic Gardens antchito, komanso anthu wamba amene akufuna kukhala pa dzanja zokongoletsa munda gwero la zipatso zabwino.

The zipatso mlombwa muli kwambiri shuga. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti wokhutira ndi kuposa ambiri zipatso. Pa zomera chizindikiro angafanane ndi mphesa. Komabe, kuchotsa shuga kuchokera cones, komanso ngati zipatso zina, kuphunzitsidwa minda, n'zosatheka, koma mukhoza kukonza zakumwa ndi mankhwala Confectionery - mchewere, marmalade. Pangani mlombwa mowa ndipo ngakhale zabwino (monga ambiri) mowa wamphamvu mu dziko - English jini. Komabe, kukoma ndi fungo la mlombwa zipatso penapake achilendo, zomwe zimasokoneza ntchito zawo pa zolinga Confectionery.

Ikani kuchita

Amakayikira kuti kusamalira mlombwa Siberia n'kosathandiza? Ndiye kuyesa kuphika kamodzi chakumwa pa Chinsinsi zotsatirazi. Ndithudi mudzasangalala kuti adzakhala zokoma kukula pa munda chitsamba wake, ndi zina zambiri kuposa wina:

• Sungani shishkoyagody, knead iwo, kupulumutsa umphumphu wa mbewu. Dziwani izi: mbeu za zowawa, kulephera kwawo zidzayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kukoma.
• Pa kilogalamu shishkoyagody - malita atatu a madzi ofunda.
• osakaniza akawinduka kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, ndiye Finyani madzi, kuchotsa zamkati.
• Ikani mu chidebe cha zipatso atsopano kamodzi kapena kawiri.
• Choncho analandira madzi wapangidwa ndi shuga ndi pafupifupi kotala. Ngati pano angagwirizanitse luso apamwamba asanduke nthunzi owonjezera madzimadzi kutentha ukuwonjezeka, koma zili shuga angafikire 60%.
• The madzi ndi mkangano kwa osapitirira 70 madigiri ku kusamba nthunzi.

Shuga amapangidwa m'njira bwino kuti ife mokomera yotengedwa Beet, pafupi theka. Syrup ndi oyenera zakumwa, nyama mbale, iwo akhoza zokometsera tiyi, khofi, ntchito yokonza chofufumitsa, odzola.

Ndipo komabe?

Mbiri kudziwika zitsanzo za ntchito ya mlombwa zakutchire kupanga shuga. Advantageously zatsopano otere a ku Germany, British ndi Dutch.

Mu 1980 anafalitsa buku lomwe linalembedwa ndi Koshcheeva. Komanso zinali zambiri maphikidwe chidwi ntchito zipatso za mlombwa. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kukonzekera Brew:

• Kutenga monga maziko mkate wabwinobwino, koma kwa maola asanu mpaka okonzeka kuwonjezera mphamvu tchire zipatso.
• Pakuti aliyense lita imodzi ya osapitirira 20 shishkoyagody.

Mukhoza kupanga mlombwa mowa. Anapangira zotsatirazi: malita awiri a madzimadzi kofunika 200 ga zipatso, 25 ga yisiti ndi supuni awiri uchi.

• Choyamba zipatso yophika kwa theka la ola, ndiye amaloledwa kuziziritsa madzi ndi yopezera chipatso therefrom.
• Sakanizani yisiti, uchi ndi msuzi, mbasiya kuti kupesa.
• Mabotolo ya chakumwa cha chimaperekedwa, pakumuka kwa yisiti.
• Ndiye, mupatseni brew kwa masiku asanu pa malo ozizira, kumene si poyera kuti kuwala dzuwa.

Mlombwa ndi Medicine

Zingakhale zodabwitsa ngati zomera zosangalatsa sanapezeke zake ntchito monga mankhwala ndi wowerengeka. Popeza kuti anali mankhwala, malinga ndi hieroglyphs la Egypt. Mu masiku akale a iwo anapanga utomoni, balms, machiritso mafuta.

Mlombwa amtengo ngati mankhwala mu Roma, kumene icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito Dioscorides. Mu Italy mu XVI atumwi ku ntchito yake ya udokotala, chitsamba ichi ntchito Mattioli, amene amanena kuti mwina zabwino achifumu, mankhwala diuretic. Odwala matenda gout, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti amasamba yofanana ndi mkungudza.

Features wa kulima kunyumba

Kudzala masika Siberia mlombwa si yovuta kwambiri. Zomera ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri umapulumuka pafupifupi nthaka aliyense, kuphatikizapo pamaso pa matope pa gawo lapansi miyala.

Iwo akhoza anabzala pa mbali peat. Komabe, kwa onse kupirira chitsamba chilichonse limakula pang'onopang'ono. Koma zotsatira n'kosathandiza - chomera wokongola, zokongoletsera, ndi amtengo wapatali, kuyambira masingano ali mithunzi awiri. Mwakhama ntchito minda thanthwe, magulu otsika-kukula.

Berry kutola imatengedwa mabvuto, ntchito amagwira kwambiri. Wamaluwa apanga njira zotsatirazi: minofu thabwa zomera ndi kugwedeza nthambi, amene ntchentche ndi zipatso kucha. Ntchito zina zosowa zawo kuti ziume. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda chino umakaniko mpweya wokwanira. Sikuti kuti ziume kuwala shishkoyagody.

Kukolola nthambi autumn, masingano pine. Mukhoza kukolola wobiriwira ndi ya masika, kuyembekezera kumalizidwa kwa nyengo kukula yogwira.

kuswana mlombwa

Siberia mlombwa akhoza zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. mitundu yokongola amagwiritsidwa akatulutsidwa cuttings. Kumera mbewu wokhwima okha okha. Kudziwa chikapsa akhoza kukhala ndi kukhalapo kwa bluish waxy ❖ kuyanika. Mbewu pansi amizidwa palibe chozama kupitirira masentimita atatu.

Care mlombwa mu Kuvuta ambiri si. zomera achinyamata sangathe kumasula ndi Kupalira, ngati n'zosavuta kuti kuwononga mizu. M'nyengo yozizira, pamwamba ali ndi singano. Izo sichisangalatsa voles, amene mlombwa mizu - azichitira weniweni.

Wamkulu chomera kugonjetsedwa dzuwa, kuwononga makina. Chitsamba akuchira n'zosadabwitsa msanga.

kubzala molondola

Mlombwa mbewu imene tikuyivomereza mu kasupe, koma izi chikhalidwe - osati kuvomerezedwa. Musaphwanye kudikira nyengo yofunda, ngati chitsamba chilichonse kugonjetsedwa ndi ozizira. Koma pamene chodzala zomera achinyamata m'dzinja zikuoneka kuti nthawi yozizira alibe nthawi kuzolowera chitsamba amaundana.

Chophweka njira kudzala mlombwa, chakula chidebe. Pamene Thirani kuchokera dongosolo zomera muzu si zowawa, kotero kusinthasintha kwa malo atsopano zimatenga nthawi pang'ono. Choncho, kuchokera chidebe ndi chitsamba akhoza anabzala m'chaka ndi kugwa, popanda kuopa m'nthawi yozizira.

Ndi bwino kuchita pa malo dzuwa. Komabe, mthunzi kuwala kwa mlombwa umabweretsa. Kuwala mlingo chimasonyeza okongola ndi zomera. Dzuwa ndi zina, mbewu amakhala fluffier lenileni. Ambiri kwambiri kusiyana ndi noticeable pamene kukula mitundu kuti ndi masingano a mitundu iwiri.

Malangizo kwa chisamaliro

Siberia mlombwa limakula bwino ngati dothi zamchere. Chodzala chitsamba, angathe kuikidwa pansi pa dzenje slaked laimu ndi dolomite ufa.

M'pofunika kulabadira ngalande, kuyambira madzi patsogolo amapha zomera pafupifupi pomwepo. Makamaka mosamala akonzekeretse ngalande, ngati alili amakhala ndi milingo okwera a pansi.

Kupatsidwa zina kukula panja tchire ikuchitika m'nyengo yozizira. Akumba, nyamuka pa muzu wa chipika lalikulu la pansi mazira. Zimenezi zimathandiza kusunga mizu wawo.

Zomera achinyamata okonzeka dzenje miyeso mita pa, mu kuya - theka mita. Komabe, pali chisanadze chikhalidwe: dzenje ayenera kukhala nthawi 3 zambiri amaika ake m'dziko chikomokere. Ngati mizu wa mlombwa wamng'ono anali wamkulu, kenako dzenje kuchita zambiri.

Kukumba mu chitsamba, Alekeni muzu khosi. Mu mmera dzenje anapereka mokoma m'khosi osati yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Thirani dothi pa mizu, pamene khosi si pa mlingo pansi.

Mlombwa choyamba madzi pamene anabzala yekha. Bwinobwino zilowerere muzu mpira ndinazembera pansi. Near pansi thunthu kuphimbira kuletsa madzi anapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali. Ntchito makungwa softwood, peat zinyalala, utuchi, zodulidwa.