The Bank European chapakati (ECB). Ntchito za Bank chapakati European

European Bank chapakati - ndi chapakati banki la Soviet European ndi Eurozone. Amadziwika monga kwambiri palokha banki mu dziko. Ndi bungwe ili chuma ali ndi ufulu wonse kwa kusankha zochita pa nkhani zokhudza yuro. Institution anakhazikitsidwa mu 1998. The pulezidenti woyamba wa bungwe ndalama zambiri Wim Duisenberg, amene anasankhidwa kuti mawu a zaka 5. Mu October 2003, mtsogoleri watsopano anatenga Jean-Klod Trishe. Masiku ano, udindo waukulu limabweretsa Mario Draghi.

nkhani

Tikachoka lachiwiri World nkhondo anayamba kugwirizana kwa Ulaya. Adamulowetsa ndi structuring ndi mapangidwe danga umodzi msika. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1947 mpaka 1957, izo inachitika bwinobwino pa kaphatikizidwe wa m'deralo ndi zikamera yomweyi State wa ndalama European Union. Mu 1957, apo ndi bungwe la mayiko waukulu European mu European Community Economic. Mu 1979, a EEC anayambitsa makonzedwe ndalama - ECU - kwa midzi yomwe kale womangidwa ndi mtanga wa ndalama European. The memorandum pa mapangidwe m'dera ndalama European, ndi ECB wakhala Mukalowa mu 1988. CB "chapakati European Bank" anaonekera pambuyo imakhala mu 1992 pa gawo la pangano Maahstrihta lonse pokhazikitsa bungwe la European Union, komanso pambuyo mapangidwe a European Monetary Institute, amene anali ndi udindo wokonza kusintha kwa ndalama limodzi - yuro.

Kunja ndi dongosolo mkati

The Bank chapakati European ali wapadera kasamalidwe timu. Pamafunikanso oimira aliyense wa EU M'Bungwe States. Mafunso okhudza ntchito bungwe chuma, chiwongola dzanja, zolemba promissory ndi zinthu zina, n'chakuti pa Directorate mabungwe, ndi bungwe la nduna. kasamalidwe Amakhala ndi anthu 6, ndi wapampando wa banki, ndipo wachiwiri wake, palimodzi. Board limba akanasankhidwa asanu ndi atatu yaitali. Mothandizana malo mu Directorate ali asankha ndi kuonedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Ulaya ndi atsogoleri a limati amene ali mbali ya zone yuro. The ECB ndi membala wa System European ku Central Banks, womwenso Bank National la European Union. Dongosolo lonse ukugwira ntchito pa aligorivimu awiri mlingo. funso lililonse ndi kulemekeza mfundo ndalama kuthetsedwa yekha kukachitika kuti pangano kukufika pa aliyense wa zimatiyika.

mwachidule

Chapakati Bank ku Ulaya kuyambira penipeni mu Germany, mu Frankfurt, ogwirizana motsogozedwa ndi dongosolo lonse la European mabanki chapakati. Kapangidwe zikuchokera limapangidwa:

• Bank of Belgium.
• Bundensbank.
• Bank of Greece.
• The Bank of Spain.
• The Bank of France.
• Luxembourg Monetary Institute.

Mayendedwe a bungwe lalamulo yekha ECB, ena onse mabungwe a zachuma m'gulu dongosolo kuimba udindo wa mayunitsi wothandiza. ntchito zawo zazing'ono. Cholinga chachikulu ndi kuteteza ECB kuuluka mitengo ndi olimba a kufufuma, amene sayenera upambana 2%. Zimene banki aliyense alibe zimakhudza mwachindunji pa yuro kusinthitsa ndalama ndi ndalama za maiko ena a dziko. kusinthasintha lakuthwa amachititsa kusintha mlingo chidwi ndi kumamkongoza Member States Union.

ndi ECB amachita chiyani?

Chapakati Bank European amagwira ntchito angapo lalikulu:

• Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo ndalama ku dera la malo yuro.
• Security, chitukuko ndi kasamalidwe ka nkhokwe kuwombola a boma la nduna yuro nthambi.
• Nkhani ya yuro.
• Atakhala chiwongola dzanja.
• Kuonetsetsa bata mtengo mu zone yuro.

Indicators wa ECB ndiwo index wa mitengo ya katundu kwa ogula mu EU ndi kukula kwa kusowa ndalama, omwe amaonjezera sayenera oposa 4.5% pa chaka.

mitengo Ofunika chidwi banki

Ntchito za Bank chapakati European kuphimba chizindikiritso ndi chidwi mitengo. chiwongola dzanja angakhale mitundu itatu:

• The refinancing mlingo. Izi ndi chiwongola dzanja, amene amasankha mtengo osachepera ntchito kwa kukopa chuma mu aang'ono imene ECB lapansi.
• The chiwongola dzanja pa madipoziti. Izi ndi chiwongola dzanja, amene ali m'munsi pamene kuwayika ndalama zilipo mu mabungwe a ECB a. Voterani amachita ngati malire apansi chiwongola dzanja pa msika usiku.
• Mmphepete mlingo pa ngongole - zingati pa zomwe mabanki mu Kapangidwe ka wamkazi, inu mukhoza kutenga ngongole, chimene chili chofunika kukhalabe yochepa liquidity. Mmphepete mlingo atenge mbali ya malire chapamwamba osiyanasiyana mu mzere ndi mitengo msika chidwi usiku.

Mwa khazikitsa mitundu ya mitengo, ndi Bank chapakati European amalenga kufunika kapena kotunga ndalama, zipangitsa bata ake, asaaonerera utuluke ndalama mkati woyendera nthambi.

kamba General

The Bank chapakati ku Ulaya ndi wapadera maphunziro malamulo, amene ntchito zachokera mapangano lonse. Likulu ulamuliro pa kosamalira pa nthawi ya chilengedwe ake anali wofanana mayuro 5 biliyoni. Mu udindo wa ma sheya hoda anali mabanki waukulu mu Europe. German "Bundesbank" anathandiza 18,9% ya mutuwo, Bank of France - 14,2%, Italy Bank - 12,5%, Bank of Spain - 8.3%. Onse a Bank ku Central a ku Ulaya ndi pakati pa 0.1% ndi 3,9% ya koyamba gawo likulu. Amatsogolera kosamalira ndalama bolodi wamkulu, amene tamutchula pamwambapa, - mutu wa Pulezidenti wake ubwenzi wa Bank chapakati ku Ulaya. Mbali yaikulu ya gulu ndalama - ndi ufulu wathunthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayambitsa afunika chaka lipoti pa ntchito yake ya malamulo ya ku Ulaya, Commission European, Bungwe la European Union ndi Bungwe la Europe.

madera Policy

Kuti akwanilitse zolinga zake ECB zipangizo ntchito monga ngongole olimba ndi amagulitsa nsombazo kubweza, ntchito kuwombola ena ndi wotuluka pa msika lotseguka. The chida champhamvu kwambiri cha lamulo msika chuma - ndi European mlingo Bank Central. ndalama ntchito anayambitsa mogwirizana ndi mfundo za ufulu ochokera m'mayiko ena, komanso ndi matupi supranational monga kusankha. Ntchito posachedwapa makamaka kumafuna palibe kukakamiza mu toyalana ngongole kunja ndi mkati. Chigamulo pa chilichonse lamulo enieni ayenera voti, anthu ambiri Board Management lapansi. Aliyense ali ndi mwayi ulipo umodzi basi kuvota. Mutu wa Bank chapakati European ayenera kutsatira maganizo a Board. Pokhapokha kukhazikitsidwa njira yeniyeni kukhazikitsa akhoza kutengapo mbali magombe a pakati pa mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Mphamvu ECB ndi dziko mabanki chapakati

ECB pansi khama olowa ndi Association of Central wa States Zisangalalo adzakhala nako ufulu kukhazikitsa ubale ndi mayiko ena a Bank ku Central ndipo ngati n'koyenera, ndi mabungwe mayiko monga. mipata Open kwa kupeza, kugulitsa ndi imatumiza mitundu yonse ya chuma, kuphatikizapo bullion. Lingaliro la "chuma mwakhama" zikuphatikizapo sheya mu ndalama iliyonse ndi mayunitsi aliyense wa mawerengedwe. Anandilola kukhala ndi kasamalidwe ka chuma. ECB amachititsa osiyanasiyana banki mabungwe a mtundu uliwonse, monga Othandizana kuti mabungwe mayiko akhoza kuimira gulu lachitatu. Partnerships kungabweretse sankakhala ndi kukongoza ntchito. Kuwonjezera ntchito zazikulu tatchulazi, ndi Bank European mogwirizana ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya chapakati titha kuchita ntchito ndi cholinga la boma, ndi kuchita zofuna za gululo. An siteji zofunika chigamulo cha ntchito banki a angatchedwe mapangidwe a European Monetary System, amene anakhazikitsidwa mu 1979.

European Monetary System mwa chimango cha ECB

Mlingo refinancing wa Bank chapakati European - si chinthu chokhacho chimene chidzakhudze dongosolo ndalama European. EMU ndi iyoyomwe angapo ntchito yeniyeni. Mukhoza kulankhula za mbali zotsatirazi:

• Kuonetsetsa bata ndalama mu EU.
• Zolemba malire zosabvuta pa ndondomeko ya mgwirizano ndi chitukuko yogwira zachuma.
• Kumbali ya bata dongosolo ndalama amapereka njira kukula.
• Systematization khola ndalama ndi mabwenzi chuma khalidwe padziko lonse.

Ndi chifukwa cha mawu oyamba mu makope ndalama monga ECU, European Union limati membala athana ndi vuto la 80s. Pambuyo kugonjetsa mchitidwe wa kufufuma anachotsa yosaloledwa wotuluka panopa ndalama. Kuyambira mu 1990, izo zinathandiza polandira mode likulu. Poyamba, Cholinga cha EU zinali kupereka momwe akadakwanitsira zinthu kwa kayendedwe ka katundu, likulu ndi ntchito. The ECB analengedwa kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa ndalama imodzi, ndi nzika wamba. ntchito yake akadali pa siteji mapulani anali kuthandiza kukhazikitsa njira dongosolo ndi malamulo kwa mugwirizano osati mfundo yachilendo, komanso ndondomeko yoyenela ya chitetezo cha aliyense Party State.