Plein Air - kodi mawu awa akutanthauza chiyani?

Aliyense amene adaphunzira ku sukulu ya luso la masewero, amapita kukajambula kapena kujambula zithunzi, mwinamwake anamva mawu oti "mpweya" nthawi zambiri. Zomwe izi, komanso momwe zimasiyanasiyana ndi zowoneka zowoneka, ziyenera kuuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi aphunzitsi. Nkhani yomweyi ndi ya iwo omwe sadziwa bwino lingaliro limeneli.

Kodi "mlengalenga" ndi chiyani?

Osati ojambula onse amajambula zithunzi zawo, atakhala mu studio. Ndipo sikuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wojambula zithunzi, makamaka popeza kamera silingathe kufotokozera voliyumu ndi malo ake, ziribe kanthu momwe izo zikuyesera. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli ndipo pali kutseguka kwachilengedwe. Ndipo chinthu chodabwitsa chingakhale chirichonse: zomera ndi malo, mapiri a mzinda ndi nyumba, mawonekedwe, mlengalenga ndi zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zingangobwera m'maganizo.

Olemba maphunziro a ojambula ndi mwayi wina kuti awone mphamvu zawo, kumva kuwala kwachirengedwe ndi kuzipereka zonse ku chinsalu. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuphunzira momwe mungathamire mofulumira mpaka kuwala kutasintha. Nthaŵi zambiri kunja kumapanga zojambula ndi zojambula, osati zithunzi zonse. Ojambula amagwiranso ntchito m'chilengedwe. Kwa ambiri a iwo, mlengalenga ndilo njira yowunikira.

Zimakhala zovuta bwanji

Kujambula kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa mu studio. Nyengo ingasinthe nthawi iliyonse - mphepo imatulutsa zonse zopangidwa, tizilombo timasokoneza, ndipo dzuŵa limasintha malo ake mofulumira kumwamba, kumasintha kwambiri kuwala. Zikuwoneka, chifukwa chake kuzunzidwa kotero, chifukwa mukhoza kutenga chithunzichi ndikukoka nyumba zonse. Koma si zonse zophweka. Wojambula aliyense adzayankha kuti zithunzi zojambula ndi chithunzi chophatikizira, ndipo iwowo adzawoneka ofooka. Ndipo ntchito ya wojambula ndikumangapo malo. Zomwe iwo akunena za mlengalenga (zomwe ziri, mwachitsanzo, kutaya nthawi, mphamvu ndi mitsempha), palibe mbuye woyenera adzasiya mwayi wopanga chilengedwe.

Mbiri

Chikhalidwecho chinali chojambulidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma mlengalenga monga kalembedwe kajambula kanangowonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, chifukwa cha ntchito ya a Chingerezi Richard Parkings Bonington ndi John Constable. Mtundu woyambirira, kutanthauza kukongola mofulumira m'chilengedwe, udakondana ndi ambiri. Anatengedwa ndi ojambula otchuka monga Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Baptiste Camille Corot ndi Jean-Francois Millet. Pambuyo pake, mmodzi mwa ojambula otchuka kwambiri omwe anajambula chilengedwe kuchokera ku chilengedwe, anali Claude Monet.

Ku Russia, mpumulo unali wotchuka kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi limodzi. K. Korovin, I. Grabar ndi V. Serov nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito m'chilengedwe. Zojambula zambiri zozizwitsa za mtundu umenewu zinapangidwa ndi mbuye wotchuka Isaak Levitan.

Pakalipano, kujambula m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya masukulu apamwamba ndi apamwamba. Ndipo opanga akatswiri amapanga mpweya wadziko lonse. Ulendowu ndi ulendo wopita ku chilengedwe, wokonzera kugawana zochitika ndi chidziwitso pakati pa ojambula ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji?

Mwapeza lingaliro la "mlengalenga" - chomwe chiri, komwe ilo linachokera ndi chifukwa chiyani. Tsopano zatsala kuti tiphunzire momwe tingalowerere mu dziko lonse lapansi.

Mudzafunika bukhuli. Ili ndi vuto lapadera lomwe mungathe kunyamula maburashi, zojambula ndi zina. Imakwera pa katatu ndipo imalowetsa wojambulayo ndi paselesi. Musaiwale mapensulo ndi pepala, pepala, eraser, madzi, momwe mungatsukitsire maburashi, ndi chidebe cha izo.

Zoonadi, mumafuna zovala zotentha, chifukwa nyengo imatha kusintha nthawi iliyonse, chovala cha mutu kuti chiteteze ku dzuwa ndi mankhwala a tizilombo. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitidwa mozama, apo ayi chilakolako cholenga chidzatayika mkati mwa theka la ora mutangoyamba ntchito.

Kotero, kodi inu munaphunzira chiyani za mphepo? Kodi ichi chikujambula chilengedwe, mtundu wakale wa chojambula chomwe chinawonekera ku England kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Iye amakhalabe wotchuka mpaka pano. Tsopano inu nokha mwakonzeka kuyamba kujambula m'chilengedwe pofanana ndi ojambula kwambiri a XIX ndi XX.