Zozizwitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zawo

Extrasystolia ndi mtundu wa arrhythmia umene umapezeka chifukwa cha kusinthika kosadziwika bwino ndi njira yowalowanso ndikuwonetsedweratu ndi kusokonezeka kwa mtima kapena madera ake onse. Zozizwitsa, zifukwa ndi malo a zochitika za chisangalalo choyambirira, ndi zosiyana. Malingana ndi malo ooneka, pali mankhwala oopsa, ochotsa mimba, komanso zosiyana siyana zomwe zimachitika pamtundu wa atrioventricular.

Zozizwitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka ndi nthawi ya maonekedwe, zimayitana mofulumira ndi mochedwa. Nthawi yomwe imadutsa kuchokera kumtunda wakale kufika pakuwonekera kwachitsulo chatsopano imatchedwa nthawi yoyamba (nthawi ya kumatira). Zimakhazikitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kutalika kwa nthawi yosawerengeka kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi extrasystoles ochokera kumalo osiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe awo amasintha.

Kuyanjana pakati pa maonekedwe oyambirira a chigwirizano ndi chiyero cha mtima kumayambitsidwa ndi maonekedwe aakulu (maganizo) - mawonekedwe a postdepolarization, kubwezeretsedwa kwachinyengo kapena kubwereranso.

Zochitika za extrasystole zimatchulidwa ndi kupuma kumeneku, ino ndi nthawi yomwe imadutsa pakati pa kuvutitsidwa koyambirira ndi chikoka chotsatira cha nyimbo yaikulu. Kutha kwa kupuma uku kumadalira ngati nthenda ya sinus yatha. Pamene nthenda ya sinus imatulutsidwa ndi ectopic impulse, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kukondwerera koyambirira kwa pangozi, chiyero chatsopano chimayambira mmenemo ndi nthawi yofanana yofanana ndi chiyero cha tchimo. Kenaka mtengo wa nthawi yapitayi ndi yotsatizana ndi yochepera msinkhu wa miyendo yachiwiri ya mtima, iyi ndi yopuma yoperewera. Ngati kutuluka kwa nthenda yayikulu sikuchitika, phokoso lathunthu limakhalapo, ndiko kuti, chiwerengero cha nthawi yapitayi ndi yotsatizana ndi yofanana ndi nthawi ya miyendo yachiwiri ya mtima.

Zozizwitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe awo, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi komanso maonekedwe awo. Kupweteka koyambirira koyambirira (mwachitsanzo, zozizwitsa pambuyo pa kudya) sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo zowonjezereka kwa mankhwala, koma nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zifukwa zowonongeka, kukhala chiwonongeko cha zipsyinjo zovuta kwambiri. Zowonjezera zowonjezereka, zomwe zimakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chachibadwa, zimakhala zovuta ndi matenda a hemodynamic. Ngati katatu musanayambe kusinthidwa, mkhalidwewu umatanthauzidwa ngati phosphysym ya tachycardia. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mtima kumachitika ngati kusanayambe kusanayambe kusokonezeka kumene kumayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo m'magalimoto.

Zovuta zoyambirira zomwe zimachitika mu atrium zimawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a P wave, omwe amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi nthawi yake. QRS yovuta yokhalabe yofanana. Zifotokozo zazing'ono zowonongeka pamagalimoto pamoto zimasonyezedwa ndi zovuta zowonongeka. Dino silikupezeka, chifukwa chisangalalo cha atria chimagwirizana ndi chisangalalo cha zinyama. Ngati chosemphana cha ventricles chimachitika poyerekeza ndi atria, P-wave ndi yoipa ndipo ikuwoneka pambuyo pa zovuta zowopsa.

Kupangika koyambirira kwa zinyama zam'mimba pamtundu wa cardiogram kumawoneka ngati chipangizo choyambirira chokhala ndi chithunzithunzi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Pamaso a extrasystole palibe P wave, zovuta zowonjezereka zimakula ndi kusintha. Zozizwitsa zazing'anjo za kumanzere zimawonetseredwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa mwendo wamanja wa Guiss mtolo komanso mosiyana.

Zozizwitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe awo

Matenda oyambirira amatha kuyenda ndi matenda amtima, koma amatha kuwonekera okha, chifukwa cha matenda a mitsempha, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matenda a electrolyte, ndi kumwa mowa kwambiri.

Kodi kuchotsa extrasystole bwanji?

Ndikofunika kuthetsa zinthu zonse zomwe zikuthandizira kuchepetsa msanga. Perekani ndondomeko zamagetsi zothandizira mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri kuchepa kwa mankhwala apadera sikufunika. Pamene kuphatikizapo mankhwala owonjezera matenda okhudzana ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri amalembedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso antiarrhythmic mankhwala (propranolol, verapamil, etc.), kukonzekera potaziyamu, ngati palibe kutsutsana kwa iwo.