Smolensk opareshoni, malamulo dzina lake "Suvorov". Mayendedwe a nkhondo, gulu zotsatira. kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk

Soviet Smolensk ntchito codenamed "Suvorov" kunachitidwa mu August-October 1943. zinthu yabwino kwa kuukira mderali atamwalira bwino Red Army mu wamagazi Nkhondo ya Kursk ndi ntchito asilikali kuzigawo wa Kharkov ndi Orel. Nsombazi motsogozedwa Smolensk zinali zofunika, chifukwa ndi izo, utsogoleri Soviet ankati kumanga magulu ankhondo Wehrmacht, ndi kuwalola iwo kupita chakumadzulo pa. Komanso, izo ziri pano m'tsogolo wayamba kumasulidwa kwa Belarus.

The vuto kutsogolo ndi akazembe

The German lamulo unachitikira ku malire chapamwamba za Dnieper ndi oyandikana Western Dvina ( "Smolensk chipata"), gulu lalikulu la asilikali. Pa kutalika makilomita 600 Wehrmacht anaikira 40 kwathunthu anasonkhana pamodzi patsogolo magawano. Iwo anali odziwika ndi okonzeka, chitetezo kwambiri. gulu limeneli adakali ndi kuukira District chapakati Industrial la Soviet Union. Anabisa njirazo yayifupi ku Baltic States ndi Belarus. Kale pa maziko a izi, ntchito Smolensk ankayenera kuti akhale mayeso aakulu kwa Soviet Union.

Smolenskaya amanyansidwa mlandu Western ndi Kalinin amadzibisa. Cholinga chawo ndi kugonjetsa chakumbali ya gulu "Center" wa makamu. Ntchito yachiwiri - kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa yachilendo Roslavl-Smolensk. Lamanzere pambali ya Kalinin Front, analamula General Andrei Yeremenko. Part mwachangu alumikizirana ndi mphamvu patsogolo pa Belgorod-Kharkov ndi Bryansk malo.

Mkuluyu chachiwiri, amene anakhala bwino ntchito imeneyi anali Vasily Sokolovsky, mkulu nthawi ya Western Front. Kenako iye amakhala kulamulira dziko la Soviet Union, ndipo adzakhalapo pa kusaina mchitidwe kugonjera kwa Germany.

German chitetezo

Kugwira mizere kum'mawa Roslavl Smolensk mdani okonzeka mabacteria asanu kumbuyo, kuya okwana amene anali makilomita 100-130. Kwenikweni, zinalengedwa pa gombe la mitsinje: Western Dvina, Ugra, ndi Dnieper, ndi Desna, Sozh. Pakati pa mizere ya chitetezo m'midzi ndi pa phula mfundo pakuyenerera.

Thanki m'madera woopsawo munali mano, mphepete mwa chinjoka ndi okuya ndi makhalidwe. zinthu Natural imene anadutsa Smolenskaya ntchito woyanjidwa chitetezo German. Zinali woodland ndi mbali yofunika kwa madambo. Cities Roslavl Elnya, Smolensk Iartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, chitsulo, Dukhovshchina, Suraż, Vitebsk kukhala wamphamvu kukana mfundo. Njira iwo (komanso misewu ndi milatho) anali ncho.

Kukonzekera kwa chaka

Pa yokonza zikuluzikulu regrouping la asilikali unachitikira Smolensk opareshoni, komanso massing mphamvu komanso njira. Pa kutsogolo kumadzulo kwa magulu oyenda 58 kupanga magulu kuponya akhala allocated 42 magawano. Kwa eni okhwima ndi gulu la isanayambike chidwi ndi lamulo posts kuyandikira kwa asilikali mwachindunji. Aliyense magawano kuwombera udindo pafupifupi 2 Km yaitali yojambula gawo.

Air thandizo ntchito ikuchitika 1 ndi makamu mpweya 3. The zikuchokera woyamba wa iwo analowa Regiment "Normandy", umene n'zochititsatu oyendetsa yachilendo France. Ongodzipereka anali ophunzitsidwa mu sukulu ndege mu Ivanovo ndipo anapanga zopereka zofunika kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa dziko la Germany.

Akatswiri ndi thandizo

Opaleshoni "Suvorov" adamfunsa mwapadera kuti zofunikira pa. Asilikali anali kuswa chitetezo German mwakuya mu zinthu mvula nyengo ndi mtunda kovuta. Army Corps wa Akatswiri chitakonzedwa minefields ndipo akukonzani ndi udindo poyambira kwa tingalimbanirane. Iwo anakhalabe mu boma yachibadwa a msewu ndi njira nsanja. Mu zone ya pasadakhale anali ambiri mizere madzi, amene okonzeka ndi kuwoloka njira.

Ikuchitika luso thandizo ndi zinthu asilikali Soviet. Ndi chiyambi cha opaleshoni, Red Army anali avareji zofunikira ziwiri zipolopolo zipolopolo, amene sanali okwanira mu BREAKOUT mosamalitsa German chitetezo. Amadziwa m'matangadza mafuta. Ngakhale utsogoleri asilikali anayesa kulowa Wehrmacht posokoneza Germany ankadziwa kuti Red Army akukonzekera vuto zikuluzikulu. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Wehrmacht anali pafupi ndi Smolensk, pazipita zotheka chiwerengero kugawikana. Soviet disinformation wakhala kwambiri kothandiza kwambiri pa gawo lachiwiri la Smolensk zolawula.

Chiyambi cha ntchito

Mosamalitsa amanyansidwa a asilikali Union anayamba August 7, 1943 (gawo lake woyamba amatchedwa Mpulumutsi Demenskoj ntchito). Pa tsiku kuukira anayamba 5 ndi 10 alonda ndi 33rd Army. Kumenyana anatsatira yokonza zida zankhondo. Chiyembekezo cha kusala-yopuma anali sayesedwa wolungama.

Pa August 8 amanyansidwa zapita 31 Army pa Yartsevskaya malangizo. Kukwezeleza anali zonyozeka. Tsiku lotsatira, nkhondo yaikulu analinso pafupi ndi Spas-Demensk. Germany inasamutsidwa kuno ku mbali malangizo a Orlowski ndi Smolenskaya ntchito inali yowawa. Mdani mphamvu MOKHOZA anapita kukana. Pa tsiku lachinayi la nagonjetsa wa Red Army anagumula German chingwe chitetezo m'chigawo cha mzinda Kirov. asilikali chakhumi mtsinje Bolva. Kukwezeleza ndi zaka 20 makilomita.

Njira ya nkhondo

Malinga ndi dongosolo, 13 August anayamba Kalinin ake amanyansidwa Front. Pa Duhovschinskom malangizo anali 39 ndi 43. Army. Kwa masiku asanu patsogolo makilomita 6-7 yokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala awa analephera kugwira pansi magulu ankhondo Wehrmacht. Kudzera zochita zawo kuti tiponye ya Western Front anayamba. Opaleshoni "Suvorov" kunachitidwa ndi mgwirizano wa magulu ambiri, ndipo ena mwa asilikali kwenikweni kupulumutsa ena.

Ndi August 16, Red Army analowa mumzindawo Zhizdra. Patapita masiku atatu anaganiza suspend nagonjetsa. Ichi chidachitika kuti kukokera kumbuyo kwa stragglers lapansi. Popanda ichi kunali kosatheka kupereka mayunitsi ndi mafuta ndi zipolopolo. Pa milungu iwiri yoyambirira ya amadzibisa Western ndi Kalinin anagumula m'dera motetezera Wehrmacht motsogozedwa Mpulumutsi Demensk, patsogolo makilomita 40 ndipo linatulutsidwa pa midzi theka chikwi.

mwendo yachiwiri

Latsopano Elninskaya-Dorogobuzhskaya opareshoni anayamba August 28, 1943. Pa tsiku loyamba, asilikali a Soviet anayenda makilomita 9. Pa chitukuko cha kupambana pankhondo kuyamba 5 Makina ndi 2 alonda thanki Corps. The Germany kufalitsidwa mfuti odana ndi thanki ndi anayesa kuletsa pasadakhale m'mizinda zonse. Komabe, khama lawo sizinakukwanire. August 30 kuponya mphamvu anaswa kukana m'bungwe kumayambiriro kwa a Ugra Mtsinje , ndipo madzulo anatenga Yelnya.

Opaleshoni "Suvorov" anali woyamba kubweretsa zotsatira chogwirika. Uthenga wa bwino wa Red Army mu Yelnya anakankha Germany kusamukira ku mbali ya Dorogobuzh. Pofuna mbali awa, Red Army patsogolo makilomita 18, liza mu 200 m'matauni, m'midzi ndi m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono. Pa nkhondo m'mudzi Borisovka wamba Tashtemir Rustemov anatseka mfuti ya makina German, amene anali atamwalira anakhala Hero wa Soviet Union.

njira kumadzulo

Ndipo pa September 1, Red Army anamasula Dorogobuzh. Kulowa mumzinda wa Western Front. Anatsogoleredwa ndi Vasily Sokolovsky. Poyankha izi Wehrmacht anataya nkhokwe zawo owonjezera mphamvu. Soviet pasadakhale mochedwa.

Chimodzi cha September, Red Army anaima, kufika kutembenuka Gorbachevka Savka Small-Big-Nezhoda Mancina. Apa patsogolo chitetezo champhamvu ndi zopinga ophunzitsidwa bwino injiniya ndi dongosolo moto analengedwa. Pa ntchito Elnensko-Dorogobuzhskaya, Red Army patsogolo makilomita 30-40, lophunzira Yelnia, Dorogobuzh ndi midzi zikwi zambiri.

patsogolo latsopano

Pa mbali yake yomaliza ya Smolensk ntchito mu 1943 kungabweretse kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk ndi Roslavl. Pokonzekera kuukira lotsatira unatenga masiku ambiri. The pambali yakumanzere ya Kalinin Front, anayamba September 14, Demidov Duhovschinskom-opareshoni, ndipo asilikali a Western Front pa tsiku lotsatira - ndi Smolensk-Roslavl. sabata onse pamaso pa kugwedezeka lotsatira, Red Army anali pa mizere wotanganidwa.

Kalinin mbali amanyansidwa ya kutsogolo mu dera Dukhovshchina maphunziro. Madzulo a utsogoleri nkhondo mothandizidwa ndi Papayu ndi regrouping akhoza kusocheretsa mdani za malo woona wa asilikali Soviet. Disinformation zinali zabodza kumbuyo ntchito. Zonsezi anathandiza okha bwino ntchito adzaimira.

masiku zikuluzikulu

Ndi 15 September ya 39 ndi 43. a asilikali Kalinin Front anawononga mayunitsi angapo atazunguliridwa ndi Wehrmacht bwereza kutsogolo yojambula ake makilomita 30. Usiku wa pa 19, chiwerengero pambuyo akanthe anali kudana kwambiri ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri ndi likulu la kukana motsogozedwa Smolensk-Dukhovshchina. Tsiku lotsatira, pansi pa ulamuliro wa asilikali Soviet anaonekera Yartsevo.

Opaleshoni pa Smolensk anadza kwa gawo ake mwachangu. Mchitidwe bwino kwambiri ya Western Front. Kwa masiku 5 adakhoza kuyenda pa mtunda wa makilomita 30. Boma la Russia walamula kuti amasule Smolensk September 27 ndi 21 chiwerengero linatulutsidwa Demidov. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mzinda mdani anayamba abwerere kwa pambali yakumanzere ya Kalinin Front, amene anachita 43. Army. Ndi September 24, asilikali Soviet anali 10 Km kuchokera cholinga chake chachikulu.

kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk

Tsiku limodzi - September 25 - anali kumasulidwa kwa Smolensk ndi Roslavl. Mizindayo anali kufunika njira. Smolensk anali Asilikali wagawo wa Wehrmacht lonse kumadzulo. Choyamba amaphatikiza 5 TH 31 TH ndi 58 TH Army. Lost kulankhulana mfundo, mdani anayesa kuletsa Soviet asilikali pa mitsinje ya mmene kanyamaka ndi coolant, koma Red Army analepheretsa izi zoyesayesa.

Ndipo pa September 29 wamasulidwa ndi mfundo wina wamphamvu - Rudnya. Mbali ya Western Front mtsinje Sozh. Iwo analowa mumzindawo Mstislavl, Red, Krichev. Mbali ya Western Front anapitiriza kuukira pa Roslavl malangizo kumene asilikali anathandiza asilikali a Bryansk Front. Patapita masiku angapo, pa October 2 Akuyandikira Sachedwa Mtsinje. yojambula Zimenezi zinachititsa Smolensk ntchito zolawula. Army Gulu "Center" anagonja kwambiri.

zotsatira

Ndiyamika Smolensk njira amanyansidwa idagonjetsedwa "East kutsinde" wa Wehrmacht ku malire chapamwamba za Dnieper. Army la ziŵiri zapita makilomita 200-225. Onse anamasulidwa zoposa 7000 midzi. Ena mwa iwo anali m'mizinda ngati Smolensk, Yelnya, Roslavl, Yartsevo Dorogobuzh, Demidov, Spas-Demensk, Dukhovshchina ndi ena.

magulu mdani asanu anawonongedwa. Wopambana akamaliza machitidwe a Smolensk analola kutsiriza nkhondo ya Kursk, nkhondo kwa Dnepr Launch ndi kuchita ntchito za kumasulidwa wathunthu wa beseni ndi Donets.

Kwa tingalimbanirane, Red Army analandira thandizo ndithu mdani imachitika kumbuyo kwa zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. Kwa miyezi iwiri iwo pafupifupi msewu sitima mdani 200, anafufuma njanji 10 zikwi anawononga za 6000 adani. Only kulimbana zigaŵenga zankhondo German lamulo anali kulenga anayi osiyana magawano chitetezo.

Total zomvetsa Soviet mu Smolensk ntchito analipo pafupifupi 450 000 anthu (kuphatikizapo 107 zikwi - ndi deadweight). Malinga ndi zotsatira za tingalimbanirane, kulumikizana 104th anatumizidwa aulemu yake maudindo - .. Yelnya, Smolensk, Yartsevo, Roslavl, etc. ambirimbiri asilikali ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo analandira mendulo ndipo ungwazi makamaka wolemekezeka - mutu pamwamba pa Hero wa Soviet Union.