Tallinn a Baltic zombo kusintha

Mu mbiri ya Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo walowa mwambo kumene kunachitika mu mochedwa July 1941 ndipo analandira dzina la Tallinn Baltic zombo kusintha. Izi kuposa Kuvuta kugwira ntchito ndi chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima ndi kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena a panyanja Union.

Kuwerengetsa lamulo

Monga zikalata archival wa zaka posachedwapa, kuti chiyambi cha Nazi Germany anaukira Soviet Union m'munsi mwenimweni mwa Baltic zombo lili Tallinn. Komabe, ngakhale, ntchito yanu kulimbitsa mzinda ndi dziko ndi nyanja siinkachitidwa. ziyembekezo lamulo anali atamangidwa pa mfundo yakuti, chifukwa cha patali ndi malire boma, likulu la Estonia osati udzasokonezedwa ndi mdani.

kuwerengetsera awa anali m'manyuzipepala ndi kukula mofulumira nagonjetsa wa asilikali German, zomwe zachititsa woyamba masiku khumi a July 1941 mdani anali makilomita sikisite ku Tallinn, kulenga, motero, mdani weniweni pali m'munsi panyanja, chigawo onshore osati nthawi kuti atuluke wamba.

Ngakhale kuti achoke zinali zosachita kufunsa ndithu lamulo la malangizo North-West, lotsogoledwa ndi kulamulira K. E. Voroshilovym, kuopa udindo, sanayese n'komwe kupereka dongosolo loyenera, ndipo motero, nthawi anataika. Pachifukwa ichi, linanena bungwe la Baltic zombo zombo ndi asilikali nthaka ya anatseka misewu mdani, imene iwo anayamba pansi moto katundu mdani. Opaleshoni imeneyi analowa mu mbiri ya nkhondo lotchedwa Soviet achoke ya Tallinn.

Khama la mdani, umalimbana wogonjetsa Tallinn

Kupita patsogolo mofulumira asilikali German chifukwa cha malamulo Hitler, zikumanena zivute zitani kuteteza mozemba Army ndi zombo Baltic zombo kuti Leningrad, kulandira amene anali, monga mwa dongosolo "Barbarossa", mmodzi wa zinthu za lamulo German.

Chifukwa cha achoke Soviet ya Tallinn zinachitikadi pansi moto seventini zida zankhondo battalions ataima pa gombe kum'mwera kwa Gulf wa Finland, amene anathandiza awiri Chifinishi batire. Komanso, zinthu kwambiri kumva ndi nambala yaikulu ya minefields, anasonyeza ichitikire ndi navies German ndi Chifinishi ndi ndege apanyanja mdani. Bwaloli ndi ngozi ndi Chifinishi oponya cutters, kugwira ntchito mu malo Bay.

kuti ndi odabwitsa

Masiku ano, akatswiri ankhondo zikutipatsa mafunso ambiri a dongosolo lamulo, pa maziko zomwe Tallinn kusintha. Bunich Igor Lvovich - wotchuka Russian wolemba, wolemba mbiri publicist - m'buku lake zoyenera zochitika pa zaka zonsezi, anafotokoza Osamva phokoso mfundo kugwiritsa ntchito kuti muyende a zombo zonse ngalande chapakati.

Palibe chikaiko kuti iye anali akuya kwambiri ndi oyenera nawo kusintha cruiser Kirov, koma chifukwa ena makhoti, amene anali kwambiri zochepa mvula, izo analetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito fairways ena - sizikumveka. Choncho zombo anatambasula makilomita ambiri, ndi kupereka chitetezo ku nyanja ndi mpweya mphamvu za mdani anali pafupi zosatheka.

Zikuonekera m'buku lake Igor Bunich, Tallinn kusintha zinachitikadi ndi kusowa zoopsa za minesweepers. Pachifukwa ichi, kufufuza anga buku yake akhala ndi malo Bay ankasonyeza pangozi chifukwa kuchuluka kwa onse German ndipo Soviet migodi panyanja.

Mwaichi, inakonzedwa zombo lamulo

Malinga ndi dongosolo anayamba ndi ndodo ya opaleshoni, Tallinn kusintha amayenera kuchitidwa motere: kutsogolo anaikidwa ndi detachment a nkhondo yaikulu, iye anatsatira ndi sitima kuphimba rearguard, ndipo anatsekera anayi apaulendo convoy. Musanadye gulu la zombo anafunsa ntchito zina, kukhazikitsa bwino lomwe ankadalira pa zotsatira chonse mlanduwo.

Total zombo mazana asanu nawo ntchito. The detachment a nkhondo yaikulu kutsogozedwa ndi cruiser "Kirov". Iye anatsatira mwa ofunkha zinthu zinayi, sitima zankhondo asanu, nambalayi wa minesweepers ndipo ambiri oponya, maboti kulondera ndipo ena. Zinali detachment wa thupi chachikulu.

The kumuwombera chivundikiro m'gulu ofunkha atatu, sitima zankhondo anayi ndi maboti zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Rearguard inkakhala ofunkha atatu, zombo kulondera atatu ndi maboti. chisamaliro awo anali anayi convoy, wopangidwa mwa ambiri zombo katundu yonyamula katundu zosiyanasiyana ndi anthu. Kuwonjezera zotengera, opaleshoni nawo ambiri zombo zina kuperekezedwa.

The zokolola za m'nyanja, ndi imfa yoyamba

Tallinn kusintha anayamba m'mawa wa August 28, pamene Zombo Zankhondo nawatengera anawalamula kupita ku gombe lakunja. Komabe, pasadakhale mofulumira kupewedwa zinachitika pa tsiku nkuntho, limodzi ndi amphamvu kumpoto-mphepo ya kum'mawa. Only mochedwa mu masana nyengo bwino ndi bwalo, ngakhale zida zankhondo moto waukulu wa mdani, ayamba kumanganso kuti akuyenda.

Kwenikweni kwa mphindi loyamba polimbana migodi nyanja analowa trawlers, zonse muzipha ndi Paravani awo - anakonzedwa zipangizo cholinga, ndipo trawls. Koma Bay anali zodzala ndi mabomba kuti chombo si nthawi zonse asamalidwe nthawi kupewa kukumana ndi iwo. Chifukwa cha lero akuvutika chifukwa cha Landmines anayamba naini zombo pamwamba ndi sitima zankhondo awiri.

Madzulo ndi usiku wodzazidwa ndi wovuta

Pa tsiku loyamba la ulendo convoy Amakweza ndipo kangapo pansi zida zankhondo moto wa mdani, yemwe amachitika intensively, koma sizinathandize. Mozungulira 20:00 tinali anawona Chifinishi maboti oponya, kufika rapprochement ndi makhoti Soviet, koma mifuti wandiweyani moto, kuwagwiritsa pamaso anafika mtunda wa oponya mpirawo. zomvetsa katundu anavutika chifukwa cha kuukira convoy ndi ndege mdani, anayesetsa kusanachitike isanayambike mdima. Anayi zombo Soviet anali kumizidwa, ndi awiri ena anali kwambiri kuonongeka.

Koma pamlingo wokulira zinthu wakhala zovuta ndi isanayambike mdima, pamene waukulu M'gulu chombo chidali pakati kwa minefield olimba. Usiku uno, iwo analowa pa migodi ndi kumira khumi pamwamba zombo ndi sitima zapamadzi wina. Kuyambira oyeretsa awo ambiri ndi okwera pa bolodi yekha angapo anthu anapulumutsidwa.

Popeza zinthu ziliri, mkulu wa zombo za anakakamizika kuyitanitsa ziwiya zonse otsala kuponya nangula ndipo dikirani m'bandakucha. Chifukwa cha kampeni woyamba usiku anali lowopsya - ziwiya twente-sikisi a anthu amene anabwera pa madzulo a tsiku la Tallinn, anali kumizidwa. Komanso zombo zisanu - kuonongeka awiri anagwidwa ndi mdani, ndipo chimodzi chikusowa.

Air kuukira adani

Ndi kunyezimira woyamba wa dzuwa August 29, 1941 zombo anapitiriza ulendo wawo, koma lero tsoka mu sitolo kwa iwo mayeso aakulu. hours kale mu 5 ndi 30 minutes pa apaulendo anali German reconnaissance ndege, ndi kuchokera 7,30 mabomba anatsatira akutiakuti. pafupipafupi awo zathandizira moyandikana m'mphepete mwa nyanja aerodromes, mtunda si upambana wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi, ndiponso kusapezeka pafupifupi mu ndege mlengalenga Soviet.

Pafupifupi popanda kukumana mdani aliyense moto aakulu, oyendetsa German anatha kusankha mipherezero yaikulu komanso pachiopsezo, kenako kugunda iwo mu mwazi ozizira. Chifukwa, mwandondomeko ndi bomba pa August 29, adaonjezeredwa ku kale akufa koma khumi ziwiya, komanso kuchuluka chiwerengero cha anthu amene yoonongeka ndi chofunika towing.

Kupulumutsidwa, kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri

Lero zinali zodzaza ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri anafa mwa anthuwo, ndi okwera ngalawa, komwe kunkakhala anthu othawa kwawowo magulu ankhondo pansi ndi anthu wamba. Komabe, chifukwa cha zochita awathandize m'masautso anapulumutsidwa zoposa zisanu ndi zinayi anthu zikwi mazana atatu, ndi zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi anatha kutsika kuchokera zombo yoyaka ku chilumba cha Hogland. Adalira, makamaka anathamangitsidwa m'dzikomo pochititsa anapulumutsira Kronstadt, komanso zilumba Lavensaari ndi Hogland, akhoza kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri.

Kuyesera kumvetsa zimayambitsa mavuto

Kufotokoza chifukwa ambiri zomvetsa kuti anatsagana ndi achoke Soviet ya Tallinn, Bunich Igor Lvovich, limene takambirana pamwambapa, komanso angapo a mbiri asilikali amanenanso za kulephera kwambiri lamulo, kupereka malangizo otsutsana bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ndi opanda kuti paucity ya chivundikirocho wakhala chokumana ndi dongosolo, ife zichokera kwa cruiser "Kirov", malinga ndi zimene sitima zankhondo awiri anawalamula, kusiya convoy pa liwiro zonse anatumiza kwa Kronstadt, kuti iwo anaphedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Pozindikira kuti chiwerengero cha madongosolo anali malinga ndi kulephera Poti akuluakulu, atsogoleri a zombo munthu, ngakhale langizo la, khoti unachitikira fairway awo kum'mwera ndi bwinobwino tikafike, kupulumutsa anthu.

Court anafika cholinga anakhumba

Ndi madzulo a tsiku loyamba la zombo katundu waukulu apaulendo asilikali anayamba kufika mu Kronstadt. Mpaka pakati pa usiku makumi awiri ndi anayi anakwanitsa bwinobwino kuponya nangula mu misewu yaikulu kwambiri panyanja m'munsi. Komanso, ngakhale sikisitini anafika malo a asilikali athu pa Hogland chilumba.

August 30 Kronstadt anafika singly, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kapena zana ndi zisanu zombo. Mosakhalitsa anapanga bungwe yobereka mamembala onse amapulumutsidwa adalira, komanso asilikali ndi anthu wamba mu Leningrad. Ovulala anagawidwa mu zipatala, ndi anthu amene akanatha usilikali, analembedwa mayunitsi kuti inakhazikitsidwa kutumiza kutsogolo. Choncho anathetsa achoke Soviet ya Tallinn, zotsatira umene ungatithandize kuvomereza kuti masamba kwambiri oopsa kuposa kale a bulu Soviet.

Losses anakhumudwitsa masiku kusintha

Ngakhale kuti ena m'mabuku ndi nambala osiyana a zombo anaphedwa pa ntchito imeneyi, amaganiza kuti panali sikisite-awiri. ndalamazo ndi ambiri mogwirizana ndi deta zilipo ofufuza za. Pamafunikanso Zombo Zankhondo komanso wothandiza ndi zoyendera zipangizo.

Komanso, palibe kugwirizana pa chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Asilikali Tributs, amene analamulira zaka amenewo Baltic zombo Ponena za zikwi akufa asanu Maulendo Ake. Kuchokera lipoti la Stalin, Commissar Anthu a Navy N. G. Kuznetsova, ndizoonekeratu kuti panali zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu mazana asanu ndi awiri, ndi buku nduna ya General Wogwila akulengeza zikwi khumi. Mwachionekere, mfundo imeneyi kwambiri zabodza, monga mwa nthawi Soviet anamutengera Musaone zomvetsa zawo.

The chikumbutso cha zochitika zomvetsa chisoni

Chaka chino m'pamene zaka 75 achoke Soviet ya Tallinn, mogwirizana ndi zomwe tcheru kucheza ndi masamba zozizwitsa za mbiri Russian. Chakumapeto August, izo zadutsa zambiri zomwe zinachitika khalidwe mbiri ndiponso dziko lawo, lomwe panafika anthu onse Navy anamenyela ndi achinyamata.

Pa zowonetsera wa dziko anabwera ku mwambo umenewu zomvetsa chisoni wodzipereka kwa mafilimu zopelekedwa. Tallinn kusintha ukufanizidwa mwa iwo pamaziko a zikalata archival ndi Maulendo gulu zinachitika. Iwo amandiuza za ntchito imene anapatsidwa kwa anthuwo Baltic. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito Igorya Bunicha, tatchulazi, mu masiku amenewo, ife litapita kwa chidwi owerenga ndi mabuku ena za achoke Soviet ya Tallinn.