Craw mbalame - ndi ... Nchifukwa Chiyani Kumafunikira?

Mbalame - izi ndi gulu lopatulika la nyama, amene oimira Ndaligonjetsa kumwamba. Ndipo amayi kuti Nature chopatsika zipangizo zawo ciri kunja ndi mkati kapangidwe. The streamlined thupi mawonekedwe, nthenga, mapiko, atasowa mano, mafupa dzenje, pamaso pa muyezo wa, mpweya wapawiri, kagayidwe mofulumira ndi kukhalapo kwa khosi lotupa awathandiza mu izi.

Kodi "mbalame" Chotupa chija?

Mawu ambiri "khosi lotupa" amagwirizana ndi matenda, koma mbewu ya mbalame - thupi wapadera kuti akutumikira monga mosungiramo chakudya. Iye ndi gawo yaitali kholingo, lomwe limapanga malire izo pawiri - chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Craw mbalame - ndi protrusion m'mimba, amene ali kuoneka bwino lomwe kwa apoyera. Iye alimbane ndi mucosa ndi zopangitsa kuti secrete chinsinsi. Ndicho chifukwa ena siteji koyamba wa chimbudzi akuyamba patsogolo meshochkoobraznom. Mbalame njiwa banja Phasianidae ndi khosi lotupa poperochnopolasatye Ufumuyo minofu, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa chakudya kusamukira ku m'mimba glandular.

Choyambiriracho khosi lotupa zake mbalame zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2:

1. esophageal khoma bulges ndi mitundu veretenopodobny thanki. Mwachitsanzo, hummingbirds, mbalame zodya nyama.
2. Lalifupi ndi zochepa pamwamba ndi pansi. Mwachitsanzo, Zinkhwe, nkhuku.

Tsopano muli lingaliro chomwe craw mbalame. thupi ili kuti? mbalame zambiri ili mu khosi kumanja pamwamba phewa lapansi.

Chotupa chija ndi bwino kuonekera anapiye a kadzidziyo anadyetsa. Pamene akufufuza mpata kanthu, mbewu wathanzi - zofewa ndipo zonse - olimba.

Kodi mbalame zonse ndi khosi lotupa?

Ndi bwino anayamba khosi lotupa pa mbalame kudya tirigu. Ndi mu gawo ili la dongosolo m'mimba akuyamba zovuta njira amuzolengedwa wa chimbudzi. Chakudya kutupikana woyamba ndipo zofewa pansi zochita za michere yake ndi michere malovu, ntchofu, ndi mabakiteriya symbiotic akuyamba kuwola ndinso kubwerera zigawo zawo. Choncho, processing aakulu zinthu zovuta organic mu gawo la kholingo - mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, zasintha mu zigawo zake. Ndi zina oimira a nkhuku, Zinkhwe.

Mbalame, lomwe ndi khalidwe la nthawi yaitali osadya, mbewu yosungirako chakudya. Pakuti carnivores thupi ili, zoona - thumba zinyalala, monga kupeza particles undigested chakudya - mafupa, nthenga, chitin, ubweya. Patapita kanthawi mbalame regurgitates iwo mu mawonekedwe a pellets - wothinikizidwa, undigested chakudya.

Koma pali mbalame zina, monga nthiwatiwa, anyani, amene alibe mbewu konse. Chili mbalame izi ndi kuti flightless. Pakalibe khosi lotupa pa nthiwatiwa kuchepetsa ndi khosi lalitali, ndi kuti kumeza miyala, zimamuthandiza kugaya chakudya lolimba.

Gastroliths ndi ntchito

Koma si nthiwatiwa yekha kumeza miyala, mwachitsanzo, ndi grouse kuchita izo. Gastroliths - miyala kuthandiza kudya chomeracho zakudya lolimba. Iwo kufunafuna mbalame ndi kumeza chakudya. Koma mbalame zina zolimba ngati kugwa m'munsimu m'mimba, mu gawo akulu, ndi kukhala pamenepo. N'chifukwa chake mbalame kuti anali pakhomo, Ndi bwino kuika mchenga, timiyala tating'ono selo. Gastroliths kuchita ntchito mano, amene kwina mbalame ano.

Mbalame mkaka - Bodza Zoona?

Malinga ndi nthano, ndi mbalame za paradaiso namwino anapiye awo mkaka. Munthu adalawa mkaka izi, izo zimakhala invulnerable matenda. Ndipo ngati pali mkaka mbalameyo?

Pa nyengo kuswana nkhunda ndi kusintha kapangidwe ka mbewu. Choncho, maselo zaminyewa akusinthika mu mafuta. Ndiye, iwo anakana, pamodzi ndi woyera amatope mawonekedwe curdled madzimadzi. Ichi ndi mbalame kapena mbewu mkaka, amene mbalame kudyetsa ana awo kwa miyezi kuthengo, ndipo pafupifupi milungu iwiri mu ukapolo. zakudya zoterezi, mafuta ndi mkulu-kalori, izo kumathandiza chitukuko mofulumira anapiye. Mbewu mkaka ndi kutulutsa onse akazi ndi amuna.

mankhwala ofanana kudyetsa ana awo, ndi mphama, koma mkaka wa mbalame lili Kuwonjezera - theka m'mimba chakudya.

Craw mbalame; pakuti n'chiyaninso chimene izo?

Nkhunda mbewu - kumakhalanso resonator, zomwe zimafunika kuti kulira, kukopa zazikazi. Kuti Tingaone, ndi mpweya pachibwenzi.

M'chipululu mbalame (sandgrouse) mu thumba kubweretsa madzi ana awo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zida kupulumuka m'nyengo yotentha ndi youma.

The mbewu yaikulu mu zikovili n'kumene mbalame kunyamula nsomba - okha ana awo.

The kuwonongeka mbewu zinadzala

Craw wa mbalame (protrusion m'mimba) n'kofunika kwambiri. Makamaka kudya mbewu chakudya ndi tirigu. Pamene chimawononga nyama akhozanso kuphedwa. Kuwononga "thumba" kwa zakudya m'magulu 2: Link (kunja) ndi mkati.

kuvulala kunja nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvulala: kugunda mwamphamvu pamwamba pamene ndege; kulimbana ndi odana kwa wamkazi, dera chakudya; ikuluma zolusa (amphaka). Ndi kuvulala ngati linaphwanya umphumphu wa khungu, kotero chakudya imagwera kunja. bala Izi si bwino anachiritsidwa ndipo mbalame, wosunga kudya, kufa ndi njala.

kuwonongeka Internal kumachitika chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa khosi lotupa kutupa chakudya kapena kuvulala ndi chinthu lakuthwa. Choncho osavomerezeka kudyetsa mbalame zakutchire atsopano bulauni mkate. Pa mbewu yomweyo wathyoka, ndi chakudya cha izo zifika pa khungu lanu. Zingayambe wokhudzika kapena kuona m'dera pakhosi.

Amenewa kuvulala mbalame angapulumuke, ngati nthawi zolankhulirana vetenale wanu, amene azichititsa ntchito ndi stitches.

kutupa mbewu

Mmodzi wa matenda oopsa amene amapezeka mbalame, ndi kutukusira kwa khosi lotupa. Chifukwa ingestion cha tizilombo tizilombo bowa kapena zinthu zina pa ntchito za masiku onse zopangitsa Chotupa chija. Iwo anayamba kubala yambiri ntchofu. Nthawi zambiri, kuukira matenda ziweto kuti amadyetsedwa tirigu zosakaniza anakonza wonyong'onya chifukwa chosadziwa vitamini A. Ngati vuto si nthawi kuzindikira ndi kuyamba chithandizo, matenda kufalitsa zina, okhudza m'mimba ndipo matumbo. Mu mbalame, izo zikhoza kukhala m'mimba. Zizindikiro za kutupa khosi lotupa ndi:

• imvi gu;
• Pafupipafupi kumeza;
• regurgitation chakudya;
• kutsitsa kutentha;
• kusafuna kudya;
• matumbo matenda.

Chithandizo zotchulidwa dokotala, kumaphatikizapo maantibayotiki ndi kugwiritsira nyambo vitamini A.

candidiasis khosi lotupa

Ichi ndi kutupa kwa khosi lotupa sac chifukwa bowa candida drozhzhevidnym. Mu matenda m'thumba anapeza madzi thovu mkaka ndi chinthu chosangalatsa fungo. Chinyama kodi kudya, kuonda, nthenga topaka ntchofu. Kodi kupirira matenda: khosi lotupa kutikita, mankhwala ndi probiotics yoikidwiratu vetenale.

pendulous mbewu

kudwala Izi zimachitika chifukwa minofu mavuto Chotupa chija. Ikukhala ngati thumba atapachikidwa pa chifuwa chake, pamene ulusi minofu kutaya elasticity awo. Pambuyo kudya, thupi limakhala noticeable kwambiri.

Matendawa akhoza kukhala aakulu, ngati mbalame zambiri kutupa khosi lotupa kapena chifukwa kotunga osasamba. Monga njala mbalame adya kwambiri, nudzaza thumba lake, ulusi minofu ndi anatambasula ndi kutaya elasticity awo. Amatha ngakhale kulephera kuyenda kwake kwathunthu. Mu khosi lotupa waponya chakudya amakhalabe wautali kuposa masiku, kotero ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu amayamba ndi pansiyi - gassing. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti kuwononga thupi ndi chotupa ake. Mwatsoka, ngati pali matenda mbalame, ndi kulisiya ndi wosachiritsika.

Pofuna kupewa izi zisachitike ndi mbalame zimene anali panyumba, mbale yawo chakudya inayenera kukhala chakudya. Mbalame apeza ntchito ndipo osati "kuononga" Chotupa chija.

Yellow khosi lotupa kapena trichomoniasis

Matenda amayamba okha tating'ono tiziromboti Trichomonas. Tizilombo timeneti yolowera pakhosi ndi khosi lotupa, malonda awo kagayidwe kachakudya ndi amatope. Imagwera pansipa kholingo ndipo akhoza kulowa trachea, ndi kuchititsa mavuto kupuma. Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi tiziromboti mu magazi ndi matenda a ziwalo mkati. Zikuoneka pa nkhope yake angaulule mbalame izi ndi lovuta kulitsatira, nthenga raspushivayut, osati kudya ndi zimafa.

matenda imafalikira, kotero odwala amafunika mpanda ku mpumulo wa mbalame. Cell wodyetsa - kupopera mankhwala, kusintha zofunda, anthu kupewa kukhudzana amathera ngakhale akapanda kuonetsa zizindikiro za matenda. Popeza Trichomonas zingakhudze ndi munthuyo ayenera kukhala osamala.

Craw wa mbalame (chithunzi, lomwe limasonyeza protrusion ake mukhoza kuona m'nkhani) - mbali ya kholingo, chimene chili chofunika kuti:

• kusungiramo chakudya;
• chimbudzi;
• kayendedwe ka chakudya mmimba;
• kulera ana.

Komanso khosi lotupa akhoza chimodzi chofunika kwambiri zida za ulendo wa mbalame, chifukwa akufunikira kwambiri mphamvu. Mbalame izo Komanso anawakonzera pogawanikana pamawere mankhwala organic mu mbewu. Umboni wa zimenezi kuonedwa ndi kuti flightless mbalame (Nthiwatiwa ndi penguin) posoŵa mbewu.

Pakuti khosi lotupa thumba thanzi la mbalame n'kofunika kuti aziona zonse, chifukwa - mbali ya dongosolo m'mimba. Minor, osanenapo kusintha pathological zambiri kuyambitsa imfa ya mbalame.