Yopingasa ndi kotenga mafunde

Tonse tili bwino adjectives "kotenga" ndi "yopingasa". Osati bwino, ndipo mwakhama ntchito pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma pamene izo zifika ku mafunde, ziribe kanthu - mu mlengalenga madzi, nkhani olimba kapena minda atomu, ndi zambiri mafunso angapo. Childs, kumva mawu "yopingasa ndi mafunde kotenga," anthu ambiri yoweyula sine. Ndithudi, oscillatory chisokonezo madzi ndipo izo zikuwoneka kotero zinachitikira moyo aipatsa lingaliro. Ndipotu, dziko ndi zovuta zambiri ndi osiyanasiyana: pali mmene mafunde kotenga ndi yopingasa.

Ngati sing'anga iliyonse (kumunda, mpweya, madzi, nkhani olimba) oscillations zidzachitika, posamutsa mphamvu ku mfundo wina ndi mzake pa mlingo amadalira katundu a sing'anga, iwo amatchedwa mafunde. Chifukwa chakuti palibe Phokoso ali zimafalitsidwa yomweyo aziweyulira gawo pa poyambira ndipo mapeto aliyense kunadetsa zimasiyana ndi mtunda kuchokera ku gwero. Zikusonyezanso kuti nthawi zonse anakumbukira: kulanda mphamvu kudzera kunjenjemerako wa particles okha amene amapanga chilengedwe ndi osasunthika, ndi kukhalabe moyenera. Komanso, ngati tikambirana ndondomeko mwatsatanetsatane, zimaonekeratu kuti zosiyanasiyana si particles akutali, ndipo gulu lawo, anaikira mu buku unit. Chitsanzo ndi chingwe wamba: ngati wina kumapeto atathana ndi zina kubala undulations (mu ndege iliyonse), osachepera mafunde zimachitika chingwe zakuthupi si adzawonongedwa ndipo kudzachitika pamene particles kusamukira ku matabwa ake.

mafunde kotenga ndi khalidwe chabe la atolankhani gaseous ndi madzi, koma mtanda - komanso zolimba. Panopa, gulu alipo ukugawa onse perturbation vibrational m'magulu atatu: atomu, madzimadzi ndi zotanuka. Otsiriza, monga inu mukhoza ndikuganiza ku dzina, lochitidwa zotanuka (olimba) mapangidwe, kotero iwo limatchedwa makina.

mafunde kotenga zimachitika pamene particles sing'anga oscillate, wotsogoleredwa pamodzi vekitala wa kafalitsidwe chosokoneza lapansi. Chitsanzo ndi nkhonya kuthetsa wa zitsulo ndodo wandiweyani chinthu chachikulu. mafunde yopingasa kufalitsa mu dera perpendicular kwa zotsatira vekitala. A funso zomveka: "N'chifukwa chiyani mafunde kotenga yekha angayambe mpweya TV madzi"? Mafotokozedwe ndi losavuta: chifukwa uwu kuti particles amapanga sing'anga deta akhoza kusuntha momasuka, monga sankalimbana nafe mapulani monga kuyenera zolimba. Choncho, yopingasa Phokoso wachibadidwe zosatheka.

tatchulazi akhoza kukonza m'njira yosiyaniranapo: ngati chilengedwe mapindikidwe chifukwa cha chisokonezo ndi kuwonetseredwa monga kusintha kosangalatsa, nkhawa ndi psinjika, tikulankhula za olimba, umene n'zotheka mafunde onse kotenga ndi yopingasa. Ngati maonekedwe a kosangalatsa si zotheka, ndiye sing'anga mwina iliyonse.

Kuliganizira ndi kotenga mu atomu mafunde (kusoka). Ngakhale kuti theoretically kanthu kumathandiza zosayembekezereka wa kusinthasintha zimenezi, sayansi boma amati kulibe awo mu chilengedwe. chifukwa, nthawi zonse zimachitika, ndi losavuta: electrodynamics ano amatsatira mfundo kuti mafunde mu atomu zitha kukhala mtanda. Kukana kwa maganizo amenewo padziko lonse zikuphatikizapo younikanso zikhulupiriro ambiri ofunika. Ngakhale izi, pali mabuku ambiri za zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo, pafupifupi kutsimikizira kuli kusoka. Izi njira zina zikusonyeza kudziwika boma lina la nkhani imene zoona, n'zotheka kupanga mafunde mtundu uwu.