Nienschanz. Swedish linga ndi mzinda Nienschanz Nien (Nyen)

Kukhazikitsa achinyamata Peter Ine madongosolo sizikanatheka popanda lalikulu doko lotseguka, amene adzalola Russia kuti maulalo nyanja ndi inati European. "History" buku (kalasi 5) limafotokoza nkhani ya anagonjetsa Ingria, ndipo m'nkhani ino ndi mfundo za adani a chitetezo Swedish, ataima pa gombe la Neva ndipo Okhta. Panopa Swedish, dzina zikumveka ngati linga Nyuenkas, koma historiography Russian linga ankadziwika ndi dzina Nienschanz linga.

Maziko a linga la

Chiyambireni cha m'ma XIV ndi pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu za Swedish Ufumu kuchitikanso m'mayiko Baltic amene ceded kuti izo pansi pa mawu a Orekhov dziko. Neva ndipo Ladoga m'mayiko sikuphatikizidwa mu mndandanda wa zofuna za boma. Izo zinali kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII, anaganiza zobwerera m'mayiko otaika. Kuyamba ndi boma la Sweden anasankhidwa kukhala yankho ndale vutoli. Mmodzi wa ana a Charles IX anali ndi mwayi woti atenge mpando Russian. Koma uyu anali kupewedwa ndi nkhondo protracted ndi Denmark, imene inatha mu 1613 Pa nthawi imeneyi, mwayi kuti akhale mfumu ya Russia anatayika - anakwera wachifumu achinyamata Mikhail Romanov. Koma mapulani Sweden ndi kulimbikitsa mtsinje wa Neva anali sanaiwale, ndi Yakobo de A Lagarde mu-mkulu wa asilikali Swedish, anapereka korona kumanga mpanda wolimba kuteteza m'madera anagonjetsedwa kale.

Yomanga mpanda wolimba ndi

Ganizo anali ovomerezedwa ndi Chief mfumu ndipo mothandizidwa ndi Swedish yamalamulo - Riksdag. Mu 1611, linga inamangidwa, amene anadzatchedwa Nienschanz, omwe anamasuliridwa mu Russian monga "kulimbikitsa Neva."

Kumene, Riziki zofunika, amene adatenga Nienschanz linga, zinaonekeratu ndithu kuti boma Swedish. Onse m'ma XVII inapatulidwa ndi kulimbikitsa ndi modernize kapangidwe chitetezo cha nyumbayi. Mu 1675 linga dongosolo kutembenuka kwavomelezedwa ndi mfumu ya ku Sweden ndiponso anakhazikika kukakamizidwa. Aliyense mlimi Karelia ndi Ingermanland anayenera ntchito mwezi, kukulitsa Nienschanz.

Ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII wakhala kulimbitsa mawonekedwe a Pentagon, ndipo wakhala pa yokumba chochuluka kutsinde kutalika kwa 19 m. Awiri Ravelin, asanu bastions ndi zipangizo zamakono anapanga linga lalikulu yomanga chitetezo.

Zadzidzidzi Nien

Neva - malonda njira, wodziwika kwa Scandinavia, n'zosadabwitsa kuti panali pafupi linga ndipo anakhala kukula yachangu mizinda Nien.

mzinda uno, ntchito ku Sweden, wakhala ndi pathupi likulu la onse a m'mayiko a kummawa - Ingermanland. Pa malaya mzinda wa manja akuonetsedwa mkango ndi lupanga ubwenzi pakati pa mitsinje awiri, chifukwa kukhalapo lankhondo la asilikali a Sweden pakamwa wa Neva ndipo Okhta.

malo yabwino amakopeka ndi malowa amisiri ndi amalonda ochokera ku Ulaya. Apa moyo chogwiritsira Finns, Germany, Russia, Izhors, Dutch. Panali mipingo ya Chiprotestanti, ndi mpingo wa Lutera, ndi lamanzere gombe la Neva Mtsinje chokongoletsedwa mpingo Orthodox. Pakati pa magombe a kufalitsidwa boti. Business ndi makalata wamba amachitika German ndipo Swedish.

Kuwonjezera masitolo ritelo ndi malo mu Nien iwo zinamangidwa chipatala fakitale njerwa, ndi doko la zombo zapanyanja, ndi kutentha ngakhalenso okalamba. Pakati pa mbali ziwiri, amene anamanga ndi mzinda, boti anapita.

The wotukuka wa malonda ndi mpikisano pakati pa mizinda ina Baltic anatsogolera chakuti mu 1632 nzika anakasuma kwa mfumu Swedish ndi kupempha kuti awapatse malonda maudindo, omwe kenako anawapatsa.

doko anakhala zone ufulu ndi sankayenera kukhoma msonkho. Kuwonjezeka zokonda malonda zinachititsa kuti chitsitsimutso cha malonda ndi kutukuka kwa anthu.

Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda linga anali kokha chizindikiro choyamba cha zopezera malinga amphamvu kwambiri amene cholinga chake chinali kulimbikitsa dziko Ingermanlandii. Koma chiyambi cha nkhondo kumpoto chinalepheretsa kukhazikitsa ndondomeko izi.

kutenga Nyenschantz

Mbiri ya m'zaka 17 ku Russia anayamba ndi kulengeza nkhondo kumpoto. Peter ndinali bwino kufunika kwa mzinda ndi Nien oyandikana naye kulimbitsa. Motero, chimodzi mwa ntchito yoyamba lankhondo la mfumu anali kutenga Nyenschantz.

Mu ambiri felmarshala Sheremetev Russian asilikali anali mu Shlisserburge, ndi April 23, 1703 mudzi ndi kuyendera banki lamanja la Neva Mtsinje, iye anafika kumalo kumene linga anali Nienschanz. A detachment okwana awiri anatumizidwa kuti kukazonda, maboti anawoloka Nyanja Ladoga ndipo anapita kwa mpanda wolimba wa asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda. Mwadzidzidzi kuukira wosweka ndi Swedish asilikali outposts monga kulimbikitsa chitetezo sichinayambe anakonza ochepa. April 25 anafika ku linga la zambiri za asilikali. Part wa asilikali anawoloka Okhta ndi gawo ili pa mmbuyo pansi pa chivundikiro cha kutsinde akunja. Azungulira linga, adani anayamba kukumba ngalande kuti unsembe wa mabatire zida zankhondo. Usiku ndi madzi Shlisserburga litapita mortars, mifuti ndi zipolopolo kwa iwo.

April 26 kutenga nawo mbali pa adani a linga la mfumu adadza kwa Petro ndipo anamuperekeza wake. Ndi April 30, zochita zonse Zungulirwa anaphedwa, ndi commandant a linga la watumidwa kupereka kwa kudzipereka. 7 koloko madzulo pa Nyenschantz zokometsera anatsegula moto. Asilikali a Sweden anawomberedwa ndi faifi koloko m'mawa, kenako anavomera kudzipereka.

Kudzipereka linga la

The adani a linga wakhala mulibe mgwirizanowo kugonja. Mu mgwirizano wa zokometsera otsiriza zonse inaperekedwa njira yotulukira mu chinyumba mu Vyborg ndi Narva ndi mbendera ndi zida. Pamene nthawi kutenga linga anadzatchedwa Shlotburg.

Bungwe usilikali zimene zinachitika atangobadwa kuphatikiza wa asilikali Russian pa magombe a Neva, anaganiza tsoka la Shlotburga. m'tauni yaing'ono kwambiri ndi wovuta. yomanga Open a linga latsopano anaganiza kalulu Island.

Peter panokha anaonerera Nienschanz linga unawonongedwa pansi. Nyumba kuphwanyidwa, wosweka lotengeka, erasing kukumbukira kulimbitsa Swedish. City Nien Nayenso anazunzidwa pamene azingidwa, koma nyumba ndi njerwa mbewu anakhalabe liziyenda bwino ndipo kenako ntchito yomanga nyumba woyamba wa St. Petersburg. Pa malo a linga wakale wa mfumu inalamula kuika anayi yaitali mlongoti mtengo.

Nienschanz atakhala

M'nthawi kumpoto nkhondo ankanena zaka mkati 15, ngati linga Nienschanz zidzaiwalika, koma mappers deta kusonyeza kuti mtembo wa nyumba imeneyi kumbuyo analipo kale 10 ntchentche za zana la 19. Mu 1748 pa malo kronverka Nyenschantz namatetule Rastrelli maziko a Smolny Cathedral. Inland linga khumi kenako kutenga doko la zombo zapanyanja Petrovsky fakitale.

Museum Nienschanz

Mu 90 oyambirira. XX m'ma Petersburg archeologists zakale pa Okhta Mtsinje m'dera la m'kamwa mwa mtsinje. Apeza anasonkhana analola kutsegula zakale, dzina lonse zikumveka ngati "Zaka 700 Landskrona, ndi Neva estuary, Nyenskans". M'nyumbayi kungabweretse planograms ndi masanjidwe kutonthozedwa. Komanso kupeza kuti kusunga mbiri. Kalasi 5 sukulu zasekondale kwambiri mungawonjezerere ya nzeru zawo, kudziwana ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali cha nyumbayi.