January 9, 1905 - amagazi Sunday (mwachidule). nkhani

Chimodzi mwa zochitika kwambiri zomvetsa chisoni zimene zinachitika m'mbiri ya Russia - amagazi Sunday. Mwachidule, January 9, 1905 zinachitikadi kuphedwa kwa chitsanzocho, panafika anthu pafupifupi 140 zikwi oimira kalasi ntchito. Izo zinachitika mu St. Petersburg pa ulamuliro wa Nicholas II, kenako anthu anayamba kuitana Magazi. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nkhani imeneyi anali kutsogolera mwachamuna chiyambi cha 1905 zisinthe.

Wamagazi Sunday: mwachidule mbiri ya

Kumapeto kwa 1904 mavuto a zandale anayamba mu dziko, izo zinachitika pambuyo kugonjetsedwa, umene boma anavutika wathuwu Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kuti misa kuwombera antchito - tsoka, lomwe linadzadziŵika amagazi Sunday? Mwachidule, onse anayamba ndi bungwe "Msonkhano wa antchito Russian fakitale."

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chilengedwe cha bungwe ili mwachangu anathandiza m'Dipatimenti Police. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti akuluakulu a boma nkhawa ambiri a osakhutira chilengedwe ntchito. Cholinga cha "Assembly" poyamba anali alonda a m'kalasi ntchito ku zochita za mabodza chosintha, gulu la maphunziro mangawawo. Komabe, "Msonkhano" si bwino olamulidwa ndi maulamuliro, chifukwa mu kusintha lakuthwa kumene bungwe. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mlili wa munthu, izo ankapita.

Georgi Gapon

George Gapon amachita tsiku chisoni kuti sizidzakumbukiridwa monga amagazi Sunday? Mwachidule, ndi wansembe uyu anali inspirer ndi kulinganiza wa chitsanzocho, yomwe zotsatira zake zinali zachisoni. Gapon anatenga monga mutu wa "Assembly" kumapeto kwa 1903, posakhalitsa kunapezeka kuti mphamvu zake mtheradi. Wansembe wofuna ndinalota kuti dzina lake anapita mu mbiri, analalikira yekha mtsogoleri woona wa kalasi ntchito.

Mtsogoleri wa "Assembly" maziko komiti chinsinsi, amene mamembala kuwerenga mabuku choletsedwacho, anaphunzira mbiri ya gulu chosintha, kukhala pulani ya kulimbana kalasi ntchito. Anzake Gapon anakhala mkazi Karelin, yapamwamba kwambiri mwa antchito.

"Msonkhanowu zisanu", womwenso mndandanda ndale ndiponso zachuma zofuna za mamembala a Komiti Chinsinsi, anayamba kupanga mu March 1904. Zinali iye amene anali gwero umene unatengedwa chofunikira zionetserowo anakonza kwa mfumu mu Sunday amagazi mu 1905. Mwachidule, iwo analephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Pa tsiku limenelo, pempho sanagwe m'manja a Nicholas II.

Zimene zinachitika pa Putilov Bzalani

Kodi mwambo chinapangitsa antchito kusankha chionetsero misa pa tsiku, amene amadziwika kuti amagazi Sunday? Mwachidule kumuuza za tinganene kuti: ndi kutsogolera anali kuchotsedwa kwa anthu angapo amene ankagwira ntchito pa fakitale Putilov. Onse a iwo anali Akhristu a "Assembly." Mphekesera zimene anamva kuti anthu anachotsedwa chifukwa cha anthu ao a bungwe.

Chipwirikiti mu Putilov kufalitsa mabizinezi ena amene ankagwira ntchito nthawi imeneyo ku St. Petersburg. Anayamba kuponya misa anayamba kufalitsa timapepala ta ndi chintchito chuma ndi ndale boma. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi Gapon anaganiza kupempha mfumu panokha Nicholas II. Potchula mfumu, lemba anawerenga ophunzira "Assembly", chiwerengero cha anthu chomwe kuposa anthu 20 zikwi anasonyeza mtima wofuna kuchita nawo masewera a.

Zakhala kuzindikiridwa ndi tsiku ulendo, amene anapita mu mbiri monga amagazi Sunday - January 9, 1905. Mwachidule za zochitika zazikulu pansipa.

Mwazi anali sanakonzekere

Akuluakulu anadziŵa pasadakhale pang'ono chitsanzocho, amene anapezeka ndi anthu pafupifupi 140 zikwi. Mfumu Nicholas ali 6 January anachoka ndi banja lake Tsarskoye Selo. Minister Mkati otchedwa msonkhano mwadzidzidzi tsiku zisanachitike, amene anakumbukira ngati amagazi Sunday 1905. Mwachidule, musalole kuti gulu msonkhano anaganiza pa msonkhano kupita osati Palace Square, komanso mzindawo.

Ndi ponena kuti mwazi sanali poyamba anakonza ofunika. Akuluakulu sanakayikire kuti khamu kumwazikana gulu la asilikali onyamula zida, koma amayembekezera amenewa sanakwaniritsidwe.

kupulula

Kumanda, amene anasamukira ku Zima Palace, inkakhala amuna, akazi ndi ana, omwe analibe zida naye. Ambiri a zionetsero anatenga zithunzi za Nicholas II, ndi mbendera. Nevsky chipata chionetsero anali anaukira ndi apakavalo, ndiye kuwombera anayamba, zinamveka akatemera asanu.

Akatemera awa zinkaimbidwa pa Utatu Bridge St. Petersburg ndi Vyborg mbali. volleys angapo inatulutsidwa ndi Zima Palace kumene zionetsero anafika Alexander Garden. powonekera chosaneneka matupi anali atatsala molasidwa ndi akufa. kusiyana Local mpaka usiku, maola 23 monga akuluakulu anakwanitsa angafalitsire zionetserowo.

zotsatira

Lipotili, lomwe unaperekedwa kwa Nicholas II, kwambiri understates chiwerengero cha anthu anavulala pa 9 January. Wamagazi Sunday, mwachidule amene retold m'nkhani ino, ananena miyoyo ya anthu 130, wina 299 anavulala, ngati inu kudalira lipoti lino. Ndipotu, chiwerengero cha akufa ndiwobvulazidwa wakhala kuposa anthu zikwi zinayi, chithunzi enieni akhala chinsinsi.

Georgy Gapon anakwanitsa kuthawa kunja, koma March 1906 wansembe anaphedwa ndi Socialist-boma. Meya Foulon, amene anali ndi ubale mwachindunji kuti zochitika za amagazi Sunday, anachotsedwa kale January 10, 1905. Iye anachotsedwa ntchito ndi nduna ya Mkati Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Tinakumana ndi Mfumu ntchito nthumwi unachitikira pa 20 January, m'kupita kwa izo, Nicholas II anasonyeza chisoni kuti anapha anthu ambiri. Komabe, iye ananenanso kuti zionetserowo achita upandu, anadzudzula misa masewera.

Pomaliza

Pambuyo kutha kwa Gapon misa kuponya itatha, chisangalalo anakafera. Komabe, chinali chabe bata usanafike mkuntho, posakhalitsa boma kuyembekezera latsopano chipwirikiti cha ndale ndi nsembe.