State dongosolo la Ukraine. State dongosolo ndi ndale dongosolo la Ukraine

Ukraine - boma mwayekha. Iwo ali gawo yake, matupi apamwamba m'dera bungwe, boma, odula manja, mbendera ndi nyimbo. State Ukraine chipangizo ali ndi dongosolo nthambi ndi gulu la nthambi zosiyanasiyana ndi lolingana malamulo malire mfundo za demokalase.

kupeza ulamuliro

Mu July 1990 pa Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine yamalamulo) linavomereza "Chikhazikitso State Ulamuliro." chikalata ichi watsegula tsamba latsopano mu mbiri ya dziko, imbaenda ku nyumba ya boma voti zochokera lamulo.

Malinga ndi Declaration chiwongoladzanja anthu amaloledwa kusonyeza Verkhovna Rada. No maphwando, mabungwe kapena anthu (kupatula mtsogoleri, ndipo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana) sanayenera kutero. Chikalatachi amakhazikitsa ulamuliro wa Constitution m'gawo la mphamvu, akuimira anzake a nthambi za mphamvu, malinga ndi malire boma (malire Ukraine pa nthawiyo ndi mayiko asanu ndi awiri), ufulu nkhani zina.

Kuyambira lipabliki aphungu ndi Pulezidenti

njira imene Ukraine anali pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Declaration pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma malamulo, pang'onopang'ono ndi zovuta. Izi mosavuta anafotokoza ndi kusintha kwakukulu zandale ndiponso zachuma.

Mu July 1996, boma mphamvu wagawo anasintha. The Verkhovna Rada anatenga Constitution latsopano la Ukraine. Malinga ndi iye, Ukraine tsopano - lipabliki aphungu ndi makonzedwe mutsogoleli wadziko. pulezidenti amasankhidwa lililonse zaka zisanu. Iye - mutu wa boma, mu nkhani iyi sangathe kutumikira mawu oposa awiri.

mapulezidenti:

• Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (05.12.1991 - 19.07.1994).
• Kuchma Leonid Danilovich (19.07.1994 - 23.01.2005).
• Yuschenko Viktor Andreevich (23.01.2005 - 25.02.2010).
• Yanukovych Viktor Fedorovich (25.02.2010 - 22.02.2014).
• Poroshenko Petr Alekseevich (c 06.07.2014).

amazilamulira

Mitundu ya boma Ukraine mogwirizana ndi miyezo ambiri amavomereza demokalase. Kuchotsedwa boma ogaŵikana nthambi zitatu wofanana:

• malamulo;
• wamkulu;
• khoti.

Verkhovna Rada - apamwamba Chiyukireniya malamulo. Ndi yamalamulo unicameral, kumene Sipikala amatsogolera. Ntchito za Verkhovna Rada - lawmaking ndi kulamulira bwino boma. Chisankho cha a phungu ndi paliponse zaka 4. Iwo anagwira molemekeza chinsinsi. Nzika zonse zaka 18 ndi achikulire ali ndi ufulu kuvota.

Executive dongosolo, lotsogoledwa ndi mutsogoleli wadziko, umene boma pansi nduna yaikulu ndi oyang'anira mzindawo. Ndi matupi wamkulu monga mautumiki osiyanasiyana, mabungwe a chitetezo, asilikali ndi zina.

Constitution la Ukraine - lamulo lalikulu la dziko. Iwo amatitsimikizira ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika Chiyukireniya ndi kudziwa ntchito yawo. Zakuweluzidwa kwa milandu ali ndi ufulu wodziimira posankha zochita. Zochita mayiko ndi nthawi Transitional n'zovuta kwathunthu kulekana ndi wamkulu ndi nthambi malamulo. Zochuluka ulamuliro - Khoti Constitutional.

Boma

Mu dziko muli mitundu otsatirawa a boma:

• unitary (osakwatira);
• ndi mawonekedwe zovuta chipangizo (federations, confederations).

Unitary - boma ndi gawo ogaŵikana mayunitsi ofanana utsogoleri (m'madera m'zigawo, m'maboma, etc ...), Kumvetsela ku likulu.

Federation - ndi zovuta boma boma kupanga mayunitsi utsogoleri (mayiko, zigawo yoyenda yokha, limati, dziko, etc ...), Amene ali ndi ena ufulu malamulo.

Zifukwa mapangidwe boma boma ndi kuphatikiza ubale boma kungakhale lalikhulu ladziko ndipo (kapena) pangano feduro. Pamaziko a Mapangano mwachindunji uka, mwachitsanzo, Federation of Australia, Switzerland, ndi United States, USSR, Malaysia, Russia ndi mayiko ena. Iwo zafala mwa pangano, mosiyana sanali contractual, monga Mwachitsanzo, Canada, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, anatuluka pa maziko a ziwalo chapakati cha boma kapena matauni kudziyimira pawokha za tsogolo la Chitaganya cha.

Chitaganya - mgwirizano wa kwa kanthawi: iyo chisoni kapena lidzasinthidwa boma feduro. Mwachitsanzo, pali tsopano Switzerland monga boma boma, pamene anapitiriza dzina "Chitaganya". Chitaganya adanyamuka pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndipo panthawi zosiyanasiyana mu USA, Germany, ndi Netherlands.

Mu Ukraine, ankatengedwa (ndipo ankaona), mitundu yonse ya boma, yoyenera kwambiri makonzedwe kumabungwewa. Pa nthawi, akuchita dongosolo unitary.

Chiyukireniya parliamentarism

zidutswa munthu wa yamalamulo Chiyukireniya pa mbiri yake anali wotchuka Komiti ya Kievan Lazaro, ndi Sejm ya boma Chipolishi Chilituyaniya, ndi Cossack Hetman nthawi wokondwa, ndipo kenako - apamwamba malamulo thupi la Austria ndi Hungary, ndiyeno Russian ufumu wa Chiyukireniya SSR la Soviet Union.

Chirengedwe cha Ukraine monga boma N'zosatheka mapangidwe wa Nyumba ya Malamulo mokomera ndi zololeka, udindo kasamalidwe kampani, amene m'mayiko ambiri. Zotsatira za chiyambi cha mchitidwe aphungu mu mbiri posachedwapa anali cholengedwa ndi ntchito mu March 1917 - Pa April 1918 Chiyukireniya chapakati Rada - ndi mtundu wa dziko proto-yamalamulo, amene wadutsa njira zinachokera kucheza umoyo ndale chifukwa "wamkulu" ulamuliro wa anthu Chiyukireniya.

Zikamera ya malamulo ndi ntchito zake linali lofunika kuliganizira kulimbikitsa anthu Chiyukireniya panjira kuti ufulu wa dziko mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Kuti ndi mwambo mbiri ya Chiyukireniya chapakati Rada apitirira mu zinthu zamakono za Verkhovna Rada a Ukraine.

Pamodzi ndi nyumba yamalamulo, akuimira zofuna za anthu ndi pulezidenti wa Ukraine.

utumiki

State Ukraine chipangizo administratively ali ndi dongosolo bwino. Pa akuluakulu a mutu wa pulezidenti osankhidwa ayenera udindo ambiri adzaponye chisanko kudzilamulira.

Gawo pansipa ili mautumiki udindo mumaganiza zofunika kwambiri muzochitika zones za ntchito: zachuma, chitetezo, thanzi, chikhalidwe, Utumiki Mkati, chitukuko dera, mfundo ulimi, zachilengedwe, mphamvu, nkhani zakunja, zambiri, achinyamata ndi masewera, zomangamanga, maphunziro ndi sayansi, chilungamo, zachuma, mfundo zachikhalidwe, nduna za Atumiki.

Kapangidwe ka Utumiki ovomerezedwa ndi nduna, ndi zina matupi chapakati - mitu yawo. The zikuchokera kwa matupi chapakati nthambi za wavomerezedwa mogwirizana ndi nduna yaikulu ya Ukraine, wotsatila Nduna Choyamba, wotsatila nduna yaikulu malinga ndi kugawa mphamvu zawo zinchito.

Mutu wa boma akukhala nduna yaikulu asankha ndi pulezidenti, koma pamapeto pake Rada ziwanga kunena. Mosiyana ndi msasa (Germany, Japan, Great Britain, Italy ndi ena), ndi nduna yaikulu ya Ukraine alibe chidzalo cha posankha zochita. Iye anati Pulezidenti.

List kwa Nduna ndi kuchitanso:

• Witold Fokin (1990-1992);
• Valentin Simonenko (1992);
• Leonid Kuchma (1992-1993);
• Yefim Zviagilskiy (1993-1994);
• Vitaly Masol (1994-1995);
• Evgeniy Marchuk (1995-1996);
• Pavlo Lazarenko (1996-1997);
• Basil Durdinets (1997);
• Valery Pustovojtenko (1997-1999);
• Viktor Yushchenko (1999-2001);
• Anatoly Kinakh (2001-2002);
• Viktor Yanukovych (2004-2005, 2006-2007);
• Nicholas Azarov (2005 2010-2014);
• Yulia Tymoshenko (2005 2007-2010);
• Yuriy Yekhanurov (2005-2006);
• SERGEY Arbuzov (2014);
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk (2014).

utsogoleri magawano

Features a dongosolo boma la Ukraine zikugwirizananso Gulu ake utsogoleri. Kwa dziko achinyamata achibadwa "chisoni" mawonekedwe kwambiri mulingo woyenera kwambiri zimene zimachitika pakati pa anthu a m'madera osiyana. The vuto kuzungulira Crimea ndi Donbas akutsimikiza yekha kuti zimatenga nthawi ndipo mwina, kusintha zina pofuna kulimbikitsa dongosolo monolithic utsogoleri kuti amaganizira zofuna za zigawo zonse za anthu.

The Republic lagawidwa m'madera amene malire ndi Soviet Union, pafupifupi sanasinthe - okwana madera 24, nayenso ali lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika m'zigawo 490. 176 m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi udindo - oyandikana (Republican) Lamulo ndi mmene m'maboma ndi mabungwe m'zigawozo mlingo wachiwiri. Mu gawo lachitatu - wapafupi kwa anthu - ndi mabungwe m'deralo, mzinda, ndi m'mudzi. Kiev ndi dera likulu.

Zochita za boma

Dongosolo boma la Ukraine zikuphatikizapo mtundu oyendetsera dziko a boma, utsogoleri-Kupititsa kapangidwe ndi ndale. Mfundo yomaliza ndi dongosolo la njira ndi njira mphamvu ya boma, izo wofanana ndi mlingo wa chitsimikizo cha ufulu.

Nkhani nambala 1 ya Constitution ali pabwino Ukraine monga boma voti. Chikalatachi amakhazikitsa mfundo za chifuniro cha anthu, kulekanitsa kwa mphamvu, ndale, chuma ndi maganizo zosiyanasiyana, udindo kwa munthu, ndi zina zotero.

demokalase

Ukraine boma unitary amati mfundo za demokalase, yomwe ikuchitika mwachindunji kupyolera mabungwe boma ndi makonsolo ndi akuluakulu a boma. Court Constitutional pa 26.03.2002 ponena kuti "boma kuzioneka ngati mawonekedwe a anthu mphamvu."

A mawonetseredwe a demokalase mwachindunji ndi chisankho, mayiko komanso madera referendums, njira otchuka, mlandu anthu ndi zina zotero. Pankhani ya anthu mphamvu kudutsa dzikoli kupanga ziwalo wa mavoti otchuka.

Boma zida ayenera kusiyanitsa matupi pulayimale ndi sekondale ya chifaniziro cha anthu. matupi Public anapanga ndi nthumwi yaikulu ya kusankha kwawo, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe mphamvu zinapatsidwa kwa State mwachindunji ndi anthu. M'dziko ali Verkhovna Rada (VR) ndi mutsogoleli wa Ukraine.

Boma matupi, amene anapanga ndi BP ndi pulezidenti, ndi matupi a sekondale, chifaniziro zina. Ubwino wa demokalase mwachindunji ndi kupingasa kukopa anthu kuti amchigulu. Ubwino wa ntchito kwa matupi nthumwi kuti ali okhazikika, ogwira ntchito tsiku ndi akatswiri.

boma ulamuliro

Unitary boma Ukraine - wolamulira ndi palokha. Ulamuliro amatchedwa ulamuliro wa akuluakulu a boma chisankho mu dziko ndipo de A facto kusadalira mphamvu Link (maiko, magulu, mabungwe, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Ulamuliro lagawidwa mkati ndi kunja. Zinthu zamakono woyamba motsatira malamulo, ndi nkhawa chachiwiri chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana, kutenga nkhani za malamulo a malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. Ulamuliro si chuma cha boma, ndi maulamuliro makamaka anthu. Ndi pamwamba chipani, zachipembedzo, chuma - palibe wina akhoza ulembedwe chifuniro chake. Mwa ulamuliro wa dziko malire ndi ufulu wa anthu.

Chirengedwe cha Ukraine monga boma zinali zosatheka popanda ulamuliro kunja. Iye akunena kuti malire awo mwa amene mmene zochitika Interstate njira kaphatikizidwe ayenera kutenga malo.

Pa mtima wa boma ufulu wa Ukraine ndi otchedwa ulamuliro wa anthu. Ndi anthu, makamaka kupyolera Zisankho zochitika momasuka legitimizes boma mphamvu. Chifukwa ndiye gwero la anthu, ndiye izo ziyenera a ndi mphamvu. ulamuliro a anthu sanagwiritse ntchito kupyolera wosankhidwa thupi woimirira ndi mwachindunji kwa anthu kudzera chisankho, anthu zokambirana referendum. Choncho ulamuliro kwenikweni chikugwirizana ndi wowerengeka mu demokarase.

Compliance ndi lamulo

Kuti boma malamulo a Ukraine, ndi amenewa anali akuluakulu awonetsetse zoletsedwa ndi malamulo paliponse: ndi aboma apamwamba boma kuti nzika iliyonse. Malamulo kuti - chikhalidwe malamulo a dongosolo, gulu ndi lamulo la maubale. M'njira imeneyi, iye:

• Ndi zamphamvu otsutsana a chisokonezo, chisokonezeko, disorganization, nkhawa ndi Kusakhazikika kwa ubale pakati pa anthu;
• mwalamulo kuti m'mbuyo zotheka zochita oletsedwa anachita ndi boma ndipo akuluakulu ake kwa nzika, komanso munthu poyerekezera ndi mzake.

Ndi chifooke mphamvu, kukula kumusonyeza lokhala wosasangalala mu 2013-2014 boma dongosolo la Ukraine wakhala pangozi. The lamulo ndi chitsanzo malamulo, amene amasonyeza udindo wa nzika ubale chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe chawo, ubale anthu zachilengedwe ndi malamulo, komanso njira, njira, njira kuthetsa kusamvana.

Pa maziko Kupititsa (m'dera la Kufalitsa) kapena lonse lamulo kusiyanitsa:

• boma (dziko) ambiri;
• mabungwe zoweta (nzika za boma, yoyenda yokha mabungwe onse);
• utsogoleri-Kupititsa mayunitsi - m'midzi, zigawo, madera, etc.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za chilamulo, ziwalo structural pa mapangidwe lamulo, tikhoza kupanga ambiri, magawo, wapadera kapena mabungwe dongosolo. Total aonekera ndi ntchito chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa dongosolo lonse malamulo. Ndi buku, kalasi kwenikweni ofanana ndi lamulo pa maziko malo. Makampani anapanga pa maziko a malamulo enieni nthambi ya malamulo (malamulo, chuma, ndondomeko boma, ndi ena.). Special (mabungwe) tingafunse pa maziko a kukhazikitsa lamanja la mabungwe payekha.

makhoti

Zakuweluzidwa kwa milandu - dongosolo wachitatu wa boma Ukraine. Iwo anazindikira mwa matupi wapadera boma - mabwalo amilandu. Dziko wapanga dongosolo atatu gawo, pamwamba umene Constitutional Court kutero. Iye anali woyang'anira - yankho la mavuto padziko lonse zokhudza maziko a ulamuliro wonse - malamulo.

nkhani zokhudza (chikhalidwe, za malonda) adapatula ambiri ndi chigamulo makhoti, motero. Motero, boma la Ukraine zimatengera pa dongosolo abwinowa moyenera ndi Rada (malamulo), Pulezidenti (Woimilirako Executive System) ndi Constitutional Court (monga mawonekedwe apamwamba a chiwonetsero cha dongosolo zotuluka).

Mia

Malamulo kuti - ndi udindo leni malamulo a dongosolo, Pamudzi, gulu la maubale, chotsatira cha kukhazikitsa leni la chilamulo, chimake moyo wawo. Lingaliro la boma limodzi ku Chikhulupiriro chakuti "amphamvu" ulamuliro malamulo. Chifukwa tikukonza ake ndi kukhazikitsa mu Ukraine analenga Ministry of the Mkati.

Poyamba, Unduna wa za M'dziko la Ukraine unagawidwa ntchito apadera:

• apolisi Public.
• apolisi chigawenga.
• GAI.
• State Security Service.
• Various wapadera mphamvu.

kusintha

Kusintha mu 2014 kwambiri anasintha dongosolo la Utumiki wa Affairs Internal. Choyamba, m'malo apolisi anali ovomerezeka ndi mutsogoleli wadziko pa 08.04.2015, ndi National Police. Iwo anakonza amachotsedwa nyumba zoyendera apolisi ndi GUBOP Chowona Zanyama. Kuyambira 2016 ntchito ya GAI "kupereka" analenga dongosolo pakompyuta cholinga m'malo "moyo" maofesara magalimoto apolisi. 16/09/2015 anathetsa Kupititsa Utumiki Mkati. Mapeto kusintha mu 2017. Kumene, boma ndi ndale dongosolo sadzasintha, koma nyengo yosintha zingakhudzire zinthu chigawenga.

Izo zakonzedwa kuti dongosolo latsopano kwa Utumiki wa Mkati potsiriza akutenga mawonekedwe zotsatirazi:

• apolisi chigawenga.
• Special Police.
• Police chitetezo.
• Keyala ndi kutumiza mauthenga.
• Oyang'anira apolisi.
• Mitembo ya kufufuza chisanadze mayesero.
• Police ntchito.
• Dipatimenti ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• apolisi Economic.

teething mavuto

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya boma. Ukraine wasankha unitary mawonekedwe mogwirizana mabungwe utsogoleri. The vuto kuzungulira Crimea ndi Donbas, nkhani ya kupereka mphamvu zambiri kumadera, kufikira federalization patsogolo opanga malamulo, asayansi ndale ndi mafunso anthu, mayankho achidule ayi.

The ndondomeko ya kulenga latsopano demokalase boma zovuta. Koma yochepa dongosolo latsopano la boma unakhazikitsidwa, dziko ankhondo, mabungwe a chitetezo, apolisi.