Amene anaikidwa pa manda Vagankovsky wa otchuka?

Vagankovsky manda, mwina wotchuka kwambiri necropolis wa modernity. Mbiri ya malo awa anayamba pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu zapitazo ndipo ulipobe. N'zokayikitsa amene angathe kukhazikitsa mndandanda molondola aliyense amene anaikidwa pa manda Vagankovsky osachepera zaka mazana otsiriza, osanenapo zonse za mbiri yake yaitali. Mndandanda wa akufa, tapeza pano chitetezo chatha, mwa ndiwofatsa kafukufuku ambiri anali pafupifupi theka la miliyoni maina. Komabe, ambiri amakhalabe anonymous m'manda.

Mliri anapanduka ndi tsinde la manda

Mmodzi wa kubuka posachedwapa mliri mu Russia mu zaka 1770-1772 zinali zodzaza ndi osati imfa chachikulu cha anthu, komanso kwambiri otchuka zipolowe ku Moscow ndi oyandikana ake. Analephera kugonjetsa ndi zipolowe Komabe, mwa chitsimikizo cha Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri anamwalira nzika choletsedwa m'manda ku mzinda.

Njira thanzi muyeso kuti zotsatira, matendawa anaphwa, ndi pafupi Moscow m'mudzi wa New Vagankovo anakula necropolis, amene anakwiriridwa ndi Muscovites wamba.

Amene anaikidwa pa manda Vagankovsky? Mndandanda wa maliro mu masiku amenewo, ndithudi, palibe amene akutsogolera. Patapita zaka 18-19 anawapeza kumeneko mpumulo wotsiriza anafa miliri, asilikali amene anagwa mu Nkhondo ya Borodino, anafa pa Khodynka ndipo akuvutika zina zambiri za nkhondo ndi mavuto mbiri.

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo manda Vagankovsky anawonjezera manda misa ndi chipilala kwa zokometsera mumzindawo.

Kodi zonse kumbukirani? Amene anaikidwa mu la manda Vagankovsky wa otchuka

Lero, yaikulu manda ku Moscow Tikamayanjana ndi manda a anthu onse mumaikonda, antchito chikhalidwe ndi luso, andale - m'nthawi yathu. Panthawiyi, anthu ambiri kuiwala kuti, mu Ndipotu necropolis wa otchuka ndi malo kuchita zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Ngati pachiyambi penipeni pa mbiri yake Vagankovsky manda "akhoza kudzitama" koma kuti akamuuze manda fraternal ndi manda modzichepetsa anthu wamba, ndiye theka zaka lasanduka malo ampumulo amuna akulu a m'nthawi yake.

Mwa anthu m'manda mu manda Vagankovsky, maina wotchuka kwa zaka za m'ma 19. lamuloli ndi asilikali, ogwira chikhalidwe, olemba ndi ojambula zithunzi. Pafupi m'manda zazikulu za umunthu wotchuka mbiri azikhala odzichepetsa manda tsopano anthu pafupifupi aiwala, amene mayina awo odziwika kupatula kwa akatswiri.

Kukumbukira kugalukira Decembrist

Mayina a anthu amene anamuika ku manda Vagankovsky akhoza kuyamba ndi mayina a Decembrists. Panopa, asanu okha anapulumuka manda awo. Mpanda wina anaika tombstones Aleksandra Filippovicha Frolova ndi Aleksandrov Bobrischeva-Pushkin, pafupi ndi iwo Pamwalawo wa pinki nsangalabwi Ivan Nikolaevich Hotyaintseva.

Pa Njira yaikulu ili manda a Mikhail Alexandrovich Bestuzhev. Apa iye m'manda mwana wake wamkazi ndi mlongo, Elena. Great mkazi, dzina ana undeservedly kuiwalika. Kuti icho chakhala anapitiriza kuti mbiri ya mtengo wapatali kwambiri archival bokosilo - Bestuzhev wotchuka zomera zithunzi za Decembrists, kuchotsedwa ake ku Siberia pambuyo pa imfa ya m'bale wake.

A chipilala cha wakuda lubwe korona manda a Decembrists Alexander Petrovich Belyaeva, pafupi ndi manda ndi Nikolai Alexandrovich ZAGORETSKY.

Axamwali A. S. Pushkina

anthu ochepa kumbukirani pamene m'manda a ndakatulo kwambiri. Ayi, ndithudi, iye alibe mpumulo mu manda Vagankovsky. Manda a mabuku otchuka a ku Russia ndi ku ansembe yotchedwa Woyera, mu dera Pskov. Komabe, anthu a m'nthawi yake, amene anaikidwa pa manda Vagankovsky, ambiri kugwirizana ndi A. S. Pushkinym ndi banja lake.

Choncho, pafupi ndi mpingo wa gulu loyimba ndi manda a mabwenzi apamtima a ndakatulo iyi: Werengerani Tolstoy ndi Fyodor Ivanovich wotchuka ed chithunzi ndi kupeka Alexei Nikolaevich Verestovskogo.

ambuye burashi

anthu otchuka m'manda mu manda Vagankovsky si nthawi zonse, anamaliza moyo wake, anadza pamalopo izi mu ulemerero ndi ulemu. Makamaka pamene anthu kulenga, anathera mphamvu zake zonse luso ndi mofatsa za za m'dziko.

Gulu la ojambula zithunzi otchuka, amisiri ndi amisiri likutipatsa, amene anaikidwa pa Vagankovsky manda chidwi. Kumanda wodzichepetsa m'manda Vasiliy Andreevich Tropinin - zojambulajambula zazikulu za nthawi Achikondi ndi woyambitsa wa chithunzi amawaganizira pa kupenta Russian. Iye anasiya zithunzi zoposa zikwi zitatu a m'nthawi yake, ndipo anali talente yake ndi luso la Russian luso burashi afunika chitukuko cha Kuzindikira ndi maonekedwe a nkhope Zinthu chithunzi.

VA Tropinin anali woyamba odziwika bwino wojambula, anamuika ku manda Vagankovsky. Kumutsatira, ndi necropolis wa Moscow anakhala chitetezo chatha ambuye awa a burashi monga Vasiliy Ivanovich Surikov, Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev, Nikolai Alexandrovich Klodt, Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov ndi ena ambiri. Wanderers m'manda pano, ndi avant-garde, illustrators, zokongoletsera, likutipatsa zojambulajambula ndi zojambulajambula amene ankagwira ntchito zaka 19-20.

Anthu anamuika ku manda Vagankovsky ndipo anasiya chizindikiro kukoma m'mbiri ya lero makamaka aiwala m'nthawi. manda ambiri dilapidated, ena alibe ngakhale mipukutuyi chamadzulo. Komabe, iwo pang'onopang'ono kubwerera maina.

Manda a woyambitsa "Makwangwala Olimbana ..."

Pa Vagankovsky manda ndi manda a tate wa gulu la mpatuko, kapena ngati iwo amati, "amamuona ngati" ntchito za kupenta Russian. ntchito wotchuka "The Makwangwala Olimbana Kodi Yafika" kudziwa akadali pa sukulu. Komabe pang'ono kudziwa momvetsa chisoni za Mlengi wake.

Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov - m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa Association of zisudzo woyendayenda, zojambulajambula wanzeru ndi mphunzitsi. Kalanga ine, zaka zomalizira za moyo wake anakhala mu umphawi. mavuto amene chimene wojambula sakanakhoza kupirira, uchidakwa ndi kufunika zonse kwachititsa chakuti iye anali yekhayekha, aiwala ndi kudwala. Iye anamwalira ku Moscow osauka.

Poyamba, manda ake korona yotsika mtengo ntanda ndi lolembedwa odzichepetsa akuti: "Academician Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov. Anabadwa May 12, 1830, anafa September 26, 1897 ". Matabwa pamtanda chawola ndi anakomoka ku mapeto kenako osaonekanso, ndi malo a manda ya zojambulajambula kwambiri anamuthawa ndipo aiwala kwa zaka zambiri.

Komabe, kunapezeka kuti mawu aulosi a Isaac Levitan Savrasov: "Musakhale m'modzi wa ojambula zithunzi kuya Russian ... Ndi mawu Savrasov anaonekera penti mitunda ndi chikondi chopanda malire chifukwa kwawo ... ndipo phindu lake undoubted m'munda wa luso Russian konse Iwo zidzaiwalika. "

Today manda ake pa manda Vagankovsky imakongoletsa ndi lubwe obelisk mawu akuti laconic: ". The kwambiri Russian wojambula Aleksey Kondratevich Savrasov, 1830-1897"

njira Last Melpomene atumiki

List otchuka m'manda pa Vagankovsky manda chidwi. Zodabwitsa, koma necropolis, amene anaonekera chifukwa cha yopweteka kwambiri mu mbiri ya boma, wakhala amakonda malo a zisudzo m'manda a zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema, Opanga filimuyi, oimba ndi analemba.

Malinga ndi nthano, mwambo kukaika anthu apa ntchito kumachita wapita ku umodzi wa meya Moscow, lamulo limene anapatsidwa kuti aponye anthu m'manda Vagankovsky. Mwina chifukwa anali manda waukulu ndipo sanachedwe ndi zosavuta kupeza, omwe amachepetsa ndalama kwa maliro, umene unachitika zambiri ndalama pagulu. Komabe, pali wina mwangozi mwachinsinsi: zinaliri pa malo tsogolo la necropolis mu zaka zana la 17 anakakhala jesters ndi buffoons.

Today chiwerengero cha zisudzo ankakonda oimba zida komanso, kupumula apa, n'zovuta kudziwa. Zisudzo anamuika ku manda Vagankovsky anali mafano yake, ndi ulemerero ambiri sunaiwalike mpaka tsopano.

Pakhomo amaima ndi moyera-madzi oundana, chipilala mu kalembedwe constructivism pa manda a Aleksandra Abdulova. The chipilala pachiyambi, chikumbutso filmstrip mafelemu amatikumbutsa bwino ankakondedwa Michael Pugovkin. Nthawi yomweyo pafupi ndi manda a "zabwino mu dziko, Watson" Vitaly Solomin. Zisudzo Andrei Mironov, Oleg Dal, Leonid Filatov atsogoleri Stanislav Rostockiy ndi Grigoriy Chuhray, wolemba masewero, Wolemba wina ndi satirist Grigory Gorin. Kodi si zoona aliyense amene anaikidwa pa manda Vagankovsky wa otchuka amene Polemeretsedwa Russian ndi dziko chikhalidwe. Mmunsimu muli mndandanda (mwanjira iliyonse wathunthu, ndithudi, sanatchulidwe lemba la otchuka)

• Aksonov Vasily - wolemba.
• Alov dzina lake Aleksandr - wotsogolera.
• Bogatyrov Yury - wosewera.
• Braginskiy Emil - Wolemba wina.
• Burkov Georgy - wosewera.
• Balter Alla - zisudzo.
• Vitsin George - wosewera.
• Voroshilov Vladimir - kutsogolera.
• Spiridonov Vadim - wosewera.
• Garin Erast - wosewera.
• Glebov Peter - wosewera.
• Gluzsky Michael - wosewera.
• Dvorzhetsky Eugene - wosewera.
• Kaverin Veniamin - wolemba.
• wosewera - Kononov Mihail.
• Levtova Marina - zisudzo.
• Liepa Maris - wovina.
• Vlad masamba - mtolankhani.
• Wolemba - Migulya Vladimir.
• Rozov Viktor - ochita masewero a zisudzo.
• Rostockiy Andrei - wosewera.
• Sazonova Nina - zisudzo.
• wosewera - Samoylov Vladimir.
• Samoylov Evgeny - wosewera.
• Streltsov Eduard - wothamanga.
• ndakatulo - Tanich Mihail.
• Tulikov Seraphim - Wolemba.
• Fodorova Zoya - zisudzo.
• Haritonov Leonid - wosewera.
• Chekan Stanislav - wosewera.
• Chukhray Gregory - filmmaker.
• Yumatov George - wosewera.
• Yashin Lev - wothamanga.

Awiri manda a namatetule

Palinso chipilala cha Vsevolod Meyerhold. Zomvetsa chisoni monga moyo wa wotsogolera, tsogolo la manda ake. Kwa nthawi yaitali, zochitika ndi malo a imfa Meyerhold anali chinsinsi. Only mu 1987 inali kudziŵika m'manda ake enieni mu manda pa Donskoy obisika. Pamwalawo mwala wakuda ndi Meyerhold anakhazikidwa pa manda a mkazi wake chisoni wakufayo Zinaidy Rayh zaka 20 asanatulukire wa manda a wokonzanso zisudzo ayendetsa.

"Galia Woona"

Pa Vagankovsky kumanda ali m'manda ndakatulo Sergei Yesenin. Opanduka moyo ndiponso oopsa imfa ya namatetule achinyamata a ndakatulo chidwi cha malo ampumulo mafani wake ndi admirers. Kalanga, manda Sergeya Esenina ndi ankhanza. Kapena kugwira, zopaka chipika woyera nsangalabwi kapena lubwe plinth, wazunguliridwa ndi maluwa, simungathe kufufuta nkhani zomvetsa chisoni za mbiri ya manda izi. Mmodzi wa manda nthano limatiuza kuti usiku pafupi ndi manda limapezeka mzimu wa mkazi wamng'ono.

"Kudzipha pano, ngakhale Ndikudziwa kuti kuti agalu ambiri kukangamira pa Esenina. Koma iye ndi ine sindikusamala. M'manda izi zonse kwambiri wokondedwa kwa ine ... ".

Mwina chifukwa cha nthano akuika tsoka chisoni mnzake ndi wothandizira Galina Benislavskoy. chaka A pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo, iye yekha anawomberedwa pa manda ake, kusiya wotchuka kudzipha cholemba. Zazikidwa pomwepo, pafupi ndi fano lake. Bokosili yoyamba wodzichepetsa manda, "Galya Woona" ndendende kwambiri amasonyeza akamanena za mmene akumvera chifukwa Yesenin ndi zovuta, sewero odzazidwa ubwenzi. Komabe, mbale tsopano moyera-ali chokongoletsedwa ndi zingwe yaitali makalata ndakatulo ake: "Galya, wokondedwa wanga! Ine kubwereza kwa inu kuti ndinu kwambiri, wokondedwa kwambiri kwa ine. Ndipo kodi inu mukudziwa kuti popanda kutenga mbali pa moyo wanu anga adzakhala kwambiri chisoni. "

A mndandanda wa kudzipha pambuyo pake pa manda a "Moscow anthu oledzera 'kuphimba malo florom oopsa fatalism ndi chisoni. Okwana pali odzipha a anthu 12 - akazi onse.

mafano miliyoni

Kodi otchuka m'manda pa manda Vagankovsky ndi zimene nkhani ndi nthano kukulunga imfa yawo ndi malo m'manda, n'zovuta kulengeseka. Manda a Vladimira Semonovicha Vysotskogo anali nazonso. A pang'ono artsy chipilala chikusonyezera woimba wokondedwa ndi wosewera limaonetseratu, nkhawa pamene iye anali mu moyo. Pa dzanja limodzi - chithunzi, pa zina - chipilala yophiphiritsa, omwe anakhala leitmotif wa wojambula mzere aulosi nyimbo "Coney fastidious". Chisoni, zachilendo chipilala. Pakuona maliro Vysotsky ananena kuti mkazi wamasiye wake, Marina Vlady analira ataona gravestone, anamuitana chitsanzo woipa wa Kuzindikira zokomera.

Vysotsky anali sakuyenera kupeza malo ampumulo omaliza pa Njira yaikulu. Maulamuliro, iye anapatsidwa malo mu ngodya kutali. Komabe, tsoka kanthu munthu wa Vagankovsky manda, ndi admirer lalikulu la Vladimir Semenovich. Zinali iye anasankha kumaliro a malo opanda kanthu pakhomo, kumene imba wakhazikika lero.

Kudzichepetsa ndi kufupika osiyana gravestone wa bard china chachikulu. Bulat Okudzhava komanso anamuika ku manda Vagankovsky. Tombstone mu mawonekedwe a Chimwala lalikulu ndi intricately mwachita lolembedwa - dzina la woimba ndi kupeka nyimbo. gravestone Izi angayenerere tikambirana chitsanzo zazikulu za luso Minimalism.

Mmodzi wa manda Ena yatcheredwa ndi maluwa, wokwatibwa ndi Igoryu Talkovu. Wina fano mamiliyoni amene anafa ali mwana. Ndipo imfa yake waphimbika chinsinsi, mphekesera ndi nthano, komanso ambiri a akalambula wake, amene anakwiriridwa ndi manda Vagankovsky. Photos of woimba mu chimango ndi matabwa pediment losema, chokhala ndi Russian kanyumba, nthawi anapangidwa ndi garlands wa carnations ndi maluwa. Nkosafuna tombstone Anaikongoletsanso mu Wachiwiri-achikunja kalembedwe Asilavo. Pa wakuda pedestal waima mtanda yaikulu anapanga zamkuwa, pamwamba pa amene chokongoletsedwa ndi Chisililiki ligature, ndi pa m'munsi mwa pedestal gilt ayipangira mzere wotchuka "Ndipo agonjetsedwa, ndidzauka ndi kuyimba ...".

Pa manda Igorya Talkova monga ku manda Sergeya Esenina, panalibe kufuna kudzipha. Mwamwayi, mu nkhani iyi analephera kuteteza kudzipha ndi kupulumutsa mafani wosakhazikika.

oyera anamuika ku manda Vagankovsky ndi ndani?

Pali yaikulu necropolis wapadera manda. Kenako nthawi zonse tikulephera, kuno kutali ndi pemphero ndi kupempha thandizo. Mmodzi wa manda awa a bambo ake Valentin. Ngakhale mwalamulo sanali canonized, anthu amakhulupilira mu chitetezero wake khulupirirani manda a zozizwitsa.

Atate Valentin mu moyo wake ankatchedwa kuti khalidwe lake labwino, wopatsa lotseguka mtima. Anatembenukira kwa iye kuti awathandize osauka ndi amasiye, akazi amasiye ndi anthu osowa pokhala. Wansembe ankatenga chidwi chenicheni chomwe chigwera onse amene anafuna chitetezo chake ndi chithandizo.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti malo enieni a manda bambo Valentin osadziwika. Wansembe anamwalira mu 1908, ndipo mu 20s chipwirikiti manda ake anali kupha kusiya Haji. Mu 1941, anakumba ananena kuikidwa pamalo sakupeza chotsalira. Amakhulupirira kuti, kuchita chifuniro cha atate wake Valentine, anaikidwa mamita awiri chozama kupitirira anapangidwa kwa kuyika akufa.

Lero, pa amayenera malo ampumulo wa Atate Woyera ndi ziwiri basi za mtanda, basi mita kutali Chrixitu. White, mwala, anapereka mdzukulu wa mkulu wachipembedzo, chachiwiri, nkhuni, anapanga ndi aulendo. Kodi zinthu anapita kukhulupirira kuti izo ziri pano, pa akungoonerera manda nduna, kunama zotsalira za bambo Valentine. Onse mitanda maluwa, makandulo nthawi zonse ima pamzere wa kupempha thandizo ndi kuthokoza kwa chitetezero.