Biome - ndi chiyani ichi?

M'kagulu zimadalirana pa dziko, asayansi ayesetsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma chifukwa cha nambala yaikulu bezrangovsti ndipo zimadalirana achilengedwe m'kagulu iliyonse matope ndi mchenga milu ndi topezeka ake, sikutheka. Zachilengedwe, anaganiza m'kagulu kuphatikiza zinthu zachilengedwe angapo - biomes.

Biome - ndi chiyani ichi?

Timamva zambiri zokhudza biomes zosiyanasiyana, koma Ambiri a ife ndi momwe molondola yodziwika ndi mawu. M'lingaliro, biome - lalikulu zamoyo ndi nyengo yake. dongosolo amakhala ndi mitundu lalikulu zomera, kapena malo. Pali tanthauzo monga terrariums biomes. Izi zikutanthauza mchere aliyense, matabwa, nyama amapangidwa m'gawo lake. Mwachitsanzo, biome nkhalango deciduous - chogwidwa ndi mitengo deciduous. Kapena bowa biome - dera ndi nyengo konyowa oyenera moyo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa ndi spores awo. Ngati ife kusuntha kuchokera kumpoto kwa equator, mukhoza kuona biomes zikuluzikulu zonse.

Kodi zikuluzikulu biome?

Kodi chogwidwa biomes ndipo kodi chiwerengero awo? Ecologists apeza naini biomes yaikulu pa dziko. Choyamba biome - ndi Chipululu chamatalala chaka chonse, wachiwiri - ndipo nayonso. Kenako biome nkhalango deciduous mu zone Nyengo, biome steppe chaparol (zomera Mediterranean), m'chipululu, otentha m'tchire, yaminga (otentha) nkhalango, ndi biome chinayi - ndi rainforest otentha. Aliyense wapadera nyengo, zomera ndi zinyama. Osiyana, ndime chakhumi amatha kusiyanitsa ayezi wosatha - yozizira biome.

Titafika pamalo ndi nayonso

Titafika pamalo - ndi biome ndi perennials. Iwo ali ambiri a kumpoto Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America. Inali pakati pa nkhalango kum'mwera ndi zisoti kumalo ozizira ayezi. The kutali ayezi Titafika pamalo, m'dera treeless amakhala ochuluka. Zinthu zamoyo padziko Titafika pamalo nkhanza, koma ngakhale, pali amakhala wamkulu nyama zosiyanasiyana ndi zomera. Titafika pamalo ndiwokongola makamaka chilimwe. Iwo ali ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza a zobiriwira, ndi malo mbalame zosamukasamuka ndi nyama. Maziko a dziko mbewu - ndere, Moss. Osowa ndi kungokhala pamodzimodzi zomera zake. Wokhala waukulu Titafika pamalo a - mphalapala. Ambiri nkhandwe, hares ndi voles. Wina wokhala - ndi lemming. Cholengedwa pang'ono wayambitsa mavuto aakulu kwa Titafika pamalo a. Nyama zimenezi kudya yaikulu sakutero wolemera Titafika pamalo zomera, amene sangathe achire mwamsanga. Chifukwa chosowa chakudya bwanji lonse ufumu nyama biome.

Nayonso - coniferous biome (kumpoto) nkhalango. Ili mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, pamafunika pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya dziko okwana. Pafupifupi theka la gawo lawo wotanganidwa ndi larch, mitengo ina - ndi paini, spruce, Oil. Pali zingapo ndipo yolimba - birch ndi alder. Nyama zikuluzikulu - mbawala ndi agwape (kuchokera herbivores), ogwirira zikuluzikulu: mimbulu, amphaka, marten, mink, sable ndi wolverine. A nambala yaikulu ndipo zosiyanasiyana makoswe - kuchokera voles kuti Mole. Achule moyo pano viviparous, ichi ndi chifukwa yochepa m'chilimwe, amene palibe kuthekera kwa kutenthetsa zowalamulira. Mofanana ndi okhalamo waukulu nayonso anafotokoza partridge.

nkhalango Deciduous ndi steppe

nkhalango Deciduous zili m'dera omasuka ndi kuzizira. Izi zili choncho makamaka kum'mawa kwa USA, Europe Central ndi gawo la Asia. Apa, okwanira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, opweteka yozizira ndi yotenthayi imakhala yaitali. The mitengo waukulu biome wa - deciduous: phulusa, thundu, mumamera linden ndi zokometsera. Kukumana ndi conifers - spruce, paini ndi Redwood. Pali bwino anayamba nyama ndi zomera. A zosiyanasiyana ogwirira ndi chilombo amphaka, afisi, nkhandwe. A ambiri zimbalangondo ndi mbawala yamphongo, yoongoka, makoswe ndi mbalame.

Steppe. Maziko a biome ichi ndi mminda ya North America ndi steppe Asian. Palibe kuchuluka zinafunika ya mpweya, zimene zingakhale zokwanira mitengo kukula, koma zokwanira musalole mawonekedwe zipululu. M'chigawo cha North America, zosiyanasiyana kwambiri zomera herbaceous ndi udzu. Pali otsika kukula (hafu), wosakaniza mankhwala (mpaka mamita asanu) ndi wamtali (chomera kufika msinkhu wa mamita atatu). Altai Mountains Asian steppes ogaŵikana kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. mayiko amenewa ali wolemera mu humus kalekale afesedwa mbewu monga chimanga, ndipo ndi malo okwezeka kusinthidwa kwa msipu udzu. ogawika-hoofed nyama zonse akhala kuŵetedwa. Ndipo anthu zakuthengo steppes ndi - coyotes, ankhandwe ndi afisi kuti ndinazolowera moyo mwamtendere oyandikana ndi anthu.

Chaparol ndi chipululu

Mediterranean zomera wotanganidwa malo ozungulira nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ndi otentha kwambiri, youma m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi nyengo yozizira chinyezi mkulu. Mbewu yeniyeni apa - ndi tchire ndi minga, ndi fungo wachuma wa udzu, zomera ndi masamba wandiweyani glossy. Mitengo simungathe kukula bwinobwino chifukwa cha nyengo. Chaporol wotchuka chiwerengero cha njoka ndi abuluzi zikupezeka pano. Pali mimbulu, mphalapala, bobcats, cougars, akalulu ndipo, ndithudi, kangaroos (mkati Australia). moto pafupipafupi kupewa nkhondo ya chipululu, ndi ubwino pansi (kubwerera ku dziko la zakudya), chimene chiri chabwino kwa kukula kwa udzu ndi zitsamba.

M'chipululu anatambasula katundu wawo mmodzi mwa atatu malo okwana dziko. Iwo akuchita m'mayiko louma la dziko lapansi, kumene mpweya pachaka imagwera millimeters osachepera mazana awiri mphambu makumi asanu. Aliyense chipululu otentha (Sahara Atacama Asuan neri Al.), Ndipo pali chipululu kumene yozizira kutentha mpweya akutsikira ku opanda madigiri makumi awiri. Izi ndi Gobi chipululu. Chitsanzo cha mchenga m'chipululu, miyala umboni, miyala. Zomera ndi ochepa, nyengo, makamaka cacti ndi spurge. The zomera tichipeza zolengedwa zazing'ono zimene kubisala pansi miyala kwa dzuwa. Mitundu zikuluzikulu za ngamila amakhala yekha.

biomes otentha

Savannah - izi ndi yaikulu m'dera ndi udzu wakuda ndi mitengo osowa yekha. Nthaka kuno ndi ochepa kwambiri, chogwidwa ndi udzu wautali ndi milkweed ndi mitengo - malambe m'mayiko ndi mthethe. Mu udzu anthu ng'ombe lalikulu la nyama zokhala-hoofed: mbidzi, nyumbu ndi agwape. Chotero angapo zamiyendo Inayi sanapezeke kwina. Kuchuluka kwa herbivores ndipo chinali kuchuluka kwa adani. Kuli cheetahs, mikango, afisi, akambuku.

mitengo yaminga ili mu South ndi South-West Africa. Pali chosowa mitengo mitundu chodabwitsa yaminga tchire.

Nkhalango zimapezeka America South, Africa West, Madagascar. Zonse mkulu chinyezi amalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera wakuda ndi yaikulu. nkhalango izi kufika mapazi makumi asanu mkulu. Pali ikukula duwali Arnoldi - ndi duwa lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. nthaka osauka kotentha, zakudya zazikulu anaikira zomera kale. An yodula pachaka nambala yaikulu kotentha izi zitatha zaka makumi asanu imfayo kwambiri wofuna kwachilengedwenso tsoka.