Vychegda - mtsinje mu Republic Komi. Kufotokozera, zithunzi

Russia - dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse, ndipo mmodzi wa kotunga madzi. Dziko nazo nkhokwe yaikulu madzi abwino. m'dziko lonse la Chitaganya cha Russia pali okwana 2.5 miliyoni a mitsinje, zinkapezeka m'madzi ndi mitsinje. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kunena mwatsatanetsatane za wina wa iwo wotchedwa Vychegda. Komi Republic ndi dera Arkhangelsk mbali - ndi dera lina kumene kumachitika.

Chifukwa dzina ili?

M'chilankhulo cha ku Komi anthu a dzina mtsinje izo zikumveka ngati Ezhva, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "dambo madzi": "Pe" - kapena dambo udzu, ndi "wa" - madzi.

dzina Russian la mtsinje amachokera Vychegda kucheza drevneugorskih mawu "Vacha" - wobiriwira, dambo, ndi "ohgt" - mtsinje. Mu kusinthasintha chinenero Russian linakhulupirira mawu a kalata otsiriza "a".

Choncho, Vychegda - mtsinje ukuyenda mwa meadows ndi. Nthawi zina Komi kuzitcha izo "chikasu mtsinje", chifukwa madzi nthawi zonse matope.

madera

Tiyeni mfundo zofunika lawolawo za dziwe ili. Monga ndanenera pamwamba, Vychegda - mtsinje, onyamula madzi ake zigwa mu nayonso makamaka pa dera la Republic Komi (85% ya dziwe) mwina m'dera Arkhangelsk. Search pa mapu m'pofunika kumpoto kwa gawo European la Russia. Ndi tributary yaikulu ya kumpoto Dvina, malaya ake abwino.

njira kutalika ndi 1130 Km, m'dera dziwe - oposa 120 zikwi lalikulu. Km. Pafupifupi onse a mabanki ake ataphimbidwa ndi nkhalango nayonso, amene ali olemera mu Republic Komi. Mwa mtsinje kapena ovuta, palibe nthawi yopuma, palibe pamakomo, wasefukira momasuka ambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono kudutsa madambo ndi msinkhu kusiyana mamita 120 mpaka 150. Ngati wodzaza zigwa za mitsinje, ndi alluvial - Mwachidule, yopapatiza, popanda masitepe.

Pamodzi ndi bedi mchenga wa m'madambo pafupipafupi, mtsinje otsetsereka ndi laling'ono kwambiri. Perm dziwe wapangidwa madipoziti (dongo, marl) ku khala laimu pa lalikulu ndi zovuta Jurassic chalky thanthwe zina alipo Quaternary.

Njira ya mtsinje ndi kumulowetsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, pansipa m'tauni ya Syktyvkar dziwe, anyalanyaza Semukovskuyu phiri, zokhotakhota phompho Arc kwa mtsinje Vym - tributary yake. Mwachindunji pakati pa endpoints wa zosaposa 3 Km, ndi mtsinje adzapita makilomita 30. Tortuous mtunda Vychegda beseni anapanga chifukwa cha glaciations zambiri Nyanja North, makamaka amanyansidwa ake atsopano pa dziko.

Gwero ndi pakamwa

Vychegda - mtsinje, amene anapanga pa confluence mitsinje Lirani-Vosges ndi Lun-Vosges amatumphukira kwa dambo Juri-Nyur kunja kwa mzinda kum'mwera kwa Timan Ridge. Amayang'anira gwero: 62 ° 19 '. yakumadzulo. ndi 55 ° 32 'mu. d.

Ndipo pamene mtsinje imaphwera mu Vychegda? madzi chawo amanyamula mu kumpoto Dvina, moyenda mu mzinda wa Kotlas, ndilo 600 Km kutali ndi Angelo. Amayang'anira pakamwa: 61 ° 17 'm. yakumadzulo. ndi 46 ° 37 'mu. d.

hydrology

Mphamvu, Vychegda osokonezeka. A chiwerengero chachikulu mu chisanu (40-45%) ndi mu situ (34-40%), mbali ndi mvula (15%). zili madzi ranges ku kiyubiki mamita 162 pa mphindi pafupi ndi mudzi wa Ayenela-Iye, kiyubiki mamita 601 pa wachiwiri Syktyvkar, likulu Komi Republic, kuti kiyubiki mamita 1160 pa mphindi pafupi pakamwa.

Mtsinjewo ufulu ayezi kumapeto April - oyambirira May. Pa chigumula masika Vychegda mlingo limatuluka kwambiri - pa 4 ndi mamita 7. Madzi anasefukira kumvetsa makilomita ambiri m'lifupi. Mu 1974, kunali makamaka madzi mkulu pamene mlingo mtsinje ananyamuka ndi pafupifupi 8 mamita. Koma madzi kwambiri pa Vychegda umatsika msanga.

chapamwamba Vychegda

mtsinje agawidwa chapamwamba, pakati ndi kutsikira.

Upper Vychegda umayenda 346 Km from udachokera kwa confluence wa tributary lamanzere la Iye. dziwe umenewu umatanthauza kuligaŵa gawo mapiri yachonde kutalika mamita 250. M'lifupi mwa chigwa mtsinje pa mfundo iyi ndi mamita 200. Mtsinje meanders njira yonse, ali zambiri mathithi aang'ono ndi shoals, chifukwa mwachilungamo mwamsanga - mamita 0.7-0.8 pa mphindi.

Near gwero la m'lifupi mtsinje musalumphe mamita 15, koma pang'onopang'ono kukodzedwa ndi Nema kale anafika mamita 100. Wapakati mozama za Upper Vychegda - mamita 3, ndi apamwamba - mamita 10. Chakudya ichi mbali ya mtsinje mobisa ndi matalala, madzi kutuluka pafupi ndi mudzi Pomozdino ndi kiyubiki mamita 50 pa mphindi.

pafupifupi Vychegda

Umayamba ku mudzi wa Ayenela-Nema ndi kuthamanga 488 Km, itha nthawi confluence a malungowo Sysola inflow (m'pake likulu la Komi - Syktyvkar). Choyamba, mtsinje umadutsa Kerchemskoy chigwa atagona pakati pa mapiri ndi Zhezhimparma Nemskoy, gawo pakati pa beseni ndi ukutchulidwa chigwa chachikulu pakati zomwe zili kumpoto Uvaly ndi Timan Ridge. Pansipa njira umayenda mwa otsika lonse chinyontho.

Kudzanja lamanja la mtsinje ndi zambiri nyanja (Sindorskoe, osa). M'dera la makhwawa a Iye, ndipo Vym North Keltma Mtsinje amakhala ndi karst. Chapakati Valley Vychegda akutambasula makilomita 10, m'lifupi chigumula mbalambanda, nthawi zambiri iwiri amaganiza, yokutidwa ndi meadows, malo chinyontho. Kama m'lifupi ku mamita 100 mpaka 700 ali pansi mchenga dongo, pa ulendo wake zimachitika chilumba gombe yokutidwa ndi timiyala.

Yakuya pa mtsinje Vychegda pamalopa ndi zimasintha kwambiri - mamita 0.5 ndi mamita 6 pamaso osaya pa malire. Mlingo otaya ndi avareji mamita 0.5 pa chachiwiri, koma pa madzi pamwamba ndi mamita 2 pa mphindi. Chakudya chisanu zofala (60%), mpumulo nkhani mvula ndi mobisa. kumwa madzi pa Ayenela-Nema mamita 160 kiyubiki pa chachiwiri, Syktyvkar - kiyubiki mamita 600 pa mphindi. Pamene kasupe chigumula mlingo wa madzi mtsinje kukacha kuti mamita 5-6.

m'munsi Vychegda

Iwo anachokera ku tributary yake - mtsinje Vym, akuthamanga makilomita 296 kuti pakamwa. Mu malire kunsi kwa mtsinje amakhala yokulirapo ndi onse, koma mu Malo ake ndi zinthu hydrological ofanana kwambiri zikhalidwe za ku Central Vychegda.

Amgwirizano floodplain akadali ukufika 6-8 Km, koma chigwa imafika mpaka makilomita 40. Coast pa Tambasula ili la mtsinje zimagwiritsa mchenga, kawirikawiri poyera dongo peat zilumba ndi mikwingwirima wakuda. Wamba miyala nsangalabwi. Makamaka ambiri a iwo pa doko Timasova Mountain, pamodzi fairway ndi Upper Soyginskom Slobodchikovskom osaya, kumene iwo anapanga weniweni mwala lokwera.

The mtsinje malire m'munsi makamaka chisanu m'chaka pali mafunde amphamvu.

Inflows

Pakuti madzi dziwe anali pamodzi 1137 makhwawa. Izi si monga oposa 23 zikwi mitsinje yaing'ono, kutalika kwa zomwe si upambana makilomita 10.

Major makhwawa Vychegda (waukulu): Ufulu - Vym, Wohl, Vishera, Yarenga Mtsinje ndi Elva, anachoka malaya - Vileda, Sysola, Lokchim, North Keltma Mtsinje, Iye South Mylva.

Part makhwawa e.g. Vym ndi North Keltma Mtsinje, ndi spawning nsomba nsomba Choncho mtengo wapatali.

kutumiza

Vychegda ndi yodutsira mtsinje. Navigation pa izo zimatsegula mu sabata loyamba la May ndi kutseka pa 20 manambala October. Court m'chaka kufika doko Voldino (960 km), ndi m'chilimwe ndi kugwa Marina Ayenela Coloma (693 km).

The marinas yaikulu: Yarensk, Mezhog, Solvychegodsk Aikino, Ayenela-Kool, Syktyvkar.

Kuvuta kwa navigation pa Vychegda ndi njira zake ndi yovuta, ndi mchenga kwambiri yam'manja. Malinga zolozerazi, madzi ali malo oyamba mu Russia. Makamaka kwambiri kuyesedwa Vychegda magombe mchenga pafupi ndi midzi pukto Oshlape, Sharovitsy ndi Vyemkovo.

Koma mtsinje kumpoto kwa Russia wakhala njira yaikulu ya kulankhulana, kotero, ngakhale mavuto, Vychegda ndi waterway yaikulu m'chigawo: m'chilimwe anthu akamayendetsa madzi, ndiponso m'nyengo yozizira - pa ayezi.

Komanso mtsinje ku kasupe yophukira ntchito akuyandama matabwa.

midzi

m'mizinda yambiri anamwazikana m'midzi yambiri anamanga m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo. Waukulu populata amagwira Bulawuzani: likulu la Republic Komi Syktyvkar, midzi wakunja kwatawuni Ezhva, Krasnozatonskaya, Sedkyrkesh, tawuni Zheshart, Koryazhma, Kotlas Solvychegodsk nakhala pansi ndi Anufrievka Anikeevka midzi ina.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Dziwe, amene anadzipereka kwa stattya, wolemera kwambiri mu nsomba. Kuli Nsombazi, Pike, nsomba, Pike, bream, nsomba woyera, chub, ide, burbot, roach, gudgeon, ruff ndi mitundu ina nsomba. The mtsinje kudyetsa anthu onse a Republic Komi.

Omasuka njanji zonyamula sitima nambala 24 uthenga Moscow - Syktyvkar nthawi ina inkatchedwa "Vychegda".

Tsopano inu mukudziwa pamene mtsinje Vychegda nanga tingachidziwe chachikulu.