Mutu wa ndakatulo ndi kusanthula "Chipilala" Lomonosov

Komwe muyambe kuwunika athu a ndakatulo "Chipilala" Lomonosov? Ndipotu, kuweruza ndi mutu, autobiographical chigawo akuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu izo. Kodi kuyamba njira amazindikira moyo izi zikhale yabwino kwambiri anthu?

Anathawa usiku mu 1730 m'nyumba mobisa ku achibale onse pakati pa usiku 19 wazaka munthu ... Kuposa iye njira akutali. Iye anavala malaya shabby, anaponyedwa pamwamba pa malaya ake. The knapsack msewu, koma chidutswa cha mkate ndi malaya yopuma, mascot yake mpaka mapeto a masiku: adampatsa iye ndi mnansi Smotritsky galamala ndi masamu Magnitsky.

ndindani, achinyamata Lomonosov ntchito "Chipilala" lomwe, iye analemba zaka seventini kenako, anauziridwa ndi Mzimu zabwino za ndakatulo wa Dziko Lathu? The adventurer, amene anayamba kugonjetsa dera la Sciences ndi falsification zolembedwa kutsimikizira kuti asadziwike. Mmene chiyembekeza, kudzipereka kotani! Wotentheka, kuwerenga usana ndi usiku, ndi wokonda moyo wodzimana zili mowa - khobiri tsiku. Mnyamata ndi kukumbukira phenomenal ndi m'mwamba kwambiri IQ, anakakamizika kukhala ndi moyo ku dzanja pakamwa, kudya yekha mkate kvass inde, koma osati kupulumutsa pa pepala ndi makandulo ...

Dzina University - kunyada kwa Lathu

Lomonosov ... "Ine anamangapo chipilala popanda manja ..." - anatsatira zigwirizane iye patapita zaka 90 anati dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Kuvomerezedwa kwa Lathu Mikhail Vasilyevich, munthuyo chodabwitsa - kwambiri. Woyamba Russian wasayansi - dziko kalasi wasayansi; anazindikira lotanthauzira mawu; woyambitsa wa Russian sukulu sayansi, mkasidi; munthu amene maziko a Russian miyala ndi nthaka ano, malo,, mbiri, ndakatulo ...

talente kulenga

zopereka zake mapangidwe Lomonosov analemba Russian dziko ndakatulo. "Chipilala" .... The kusanthula ndakatulo imeneyi imasonyeza mbali chabe ya talente yake yaikulu. Komabe, sanangowamvera ndi zolembalemba mtheradi mphatso. Lomonosov mwasayansi yena chitukuko cha malangizo kwa structuring bwino syllables ndakatulo mu Russian, buku lake apamwamba anatumikira monga khomo mu dziko la ndakatulo kuti andakatulo ambiri ..

"Chipilala" Lomonosov - vesi wapadera. Iye - ndi wapadera ndi chapamwamba, ngati yaima, monga, mu nyimbo yotamanda andakatulo mkulu. ntchito yake - kuti adzimvera poyera zaka za ntchito ndakatulo.

Mutu wa ndakatulo "Chipilala" Lomonosov - mawu a boma udindo wa ndakatulo Russian, ndipo - motsimikiza nyota mu versification lapansi. Mikhail anakhala wochititsa mabuku Russian, wopezeka ake wakutemwa, mfundo, mfundo umunthu. Nzika - ndicho credo mabuku amene amazitcha Lomonosov ( "Chipilala"). The ndakatulo, amene kusanthula limasonyeza wachikoka, mphamvu okhwima talente ndakatulo Mlembi wake, ndi chinthu chochititsa chidwi ndakatulo Russian.

Zotsatirazi University zilankhulo patsogolo boma ambiri

Lomonosov "apamwamba" mu nyimbo ndi malamulo a Horatian "Art andakatulo" ndipo chinali kusintha kwa versification Russian. Mu "chipilala" ndakatulo akupangira wochenjera popanda kuswa kalembedwe Horatian, analandira kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu wamba mu Russia pansi pa Mfumu Peter I.

mankhwala lingaliro palokha ndi wopanda. Russia, ntchito za m'mbiri, kugwirizana ndi Rome Chachitatu. Choncho, nyimbo imeneyi, chitsanzo cha Russian mabuku ndondomeko chitukuko kuyang'ana mu mbiri ya Roma! Ndi mfundo imeneyi ayenera Lomonosov ( "Chipilala").

The ndakatulo, amene kusanthula limanena kuti ndi vumbulutso la ndakatulo iyi, kuonetsera udindo m'dziko ayenera zatenga mkulu ndakatulo.

Mu maonekedwe ake "Chipilala" Lomonosov - ovomerezeka ndime, ndi gwero - ndi ode kwa ndakatulo naiizvestneyshego heyday mabuku Roma cha Quintus Horatius Flaccus. Chifukwa ichi, wolemba amalowerera organically akulumikiza mfundo wosatha ndi njira Russian chitukuko. Komabe, mfundo yaikulu yomasulira - kuvumbula njira zofanana chitukuko cha mabuku Russia ndi Rome.

Kusiyana chachikulu pakati Lomonosov a "Chipilala" ndi ode Horatian "Kuti Melpomene"

Mikhail, amapezeka ku chapachiyambi mtengo gwero zhiznestroitelnoy ndi Ndondomeko zokongoletsa, nthawi yomweyo kuchokera anakreontiki wake, mwachitsanzo m'nyimbo potamanda chimwemwe cha moyo. Ziwiri syllable iambic, pafupifupi rhyming mizere, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu mwadala - anachronisms Lomonosov amakwaniritsa momveka, chofunika, zinapangidwa kufotokoza kwa lingaliro. Oda losiyana strofikoy khola ndi kugonjetsedwa mita kuti amaonetsera kotero nazyvaey "odic ovomerezeka". Anamveka kwenikweni wapadera.

zinthu zakale za chilengedwe cha ode ndi

Kumbali yathu, zingakhale osasamalira osati kukumbukira zinthu zakale zimene ndakatulo linalembedwa. Ku Eastern Europe kwa 40 m za m'ma XVIII chifukwa cha kusintha Petra Velikogo anamanga amphamvu, centralized Russian Ufumu, ndi ophunzira yogwira mu ndondomeko poto-European ndale. Pogwira kusintha boma pofuna kuthetsa backwardness luso ndi chuma mayiko kutsogolera European: Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France. Russian otchuka, kalasi chigamulo unakhazikitsidwa nalumikizana ndi chikhalidwe European. Vosled mtundu zomanga, kusintha zokhudza zonse zidalengedwa ndi zaluso ndiponso mabuku makamaka.

Peter Ine anakwanitsa uyitakase ndi kusonkhanitsa chilengedwe cha dziko chachikulu kuti tezisno akutchula ode wake "Chipilala" Lomonosov. ndakatulo imeneyi amapereka mwaulemu kwambiri khalidwe la zisinthe Mfumu kwa ife monga "akulamulira mwa anthu." Mwina ndicho chifukwa iye anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga Peter Wamkulu? Osanenapo chakuti woyamba Russian Mfumu Mikhail akulongosola fano lake, poyerekeza ndi mfumu ya Roma Davnusom.

Okonzanso Lomonosov ndakatulo, Horace. "Chipilala" - korona wa ntchito zawo

Onse ndakatulo: mlembi pachiyambi "chipilala" ndi woyambitsa kutengerapo wake, ndi Horace, ndi Lomonosov - okonzanso ndi aliyense m'dongosolo lake mitundu versification. Horace ulamuliro uli ntchito Alcaic ku Latin ndakatulo. Lomonosov - kumayambiriro kwa Russian syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa versification mfundo chitukuko zitsanzo za nyumba osiyana rhythmic andakatulo Russian. Pushkin anabadwa panobe, ndipo iambic tetrameter, monga, ndithudi, ndi mfundo za versification, kale otukuka. Kodi mukuganiza chiyani? The funso, kumene, losafuna ...

Ndi luso la zomangamanga, chilankhulo chake monga zilankhulo ndi wasayansi, Mikhail mwadongosolo losandulizika, ndi zoona - adalenga apamwamba a chinenero cha Chirasha.

Ganizo odes wa Horace «Exegi monumentum ...»

Chodabwitsa consonance zolembalemba kusinthika mu Russia, Mikhail Vasilyevich anachita, ndi gulu la ndakatulo Latin wa Horace mu m'badwo wagolide mabuku Roma. Poyerekeza kusanthula University ndakatulo "Chipilala" kuyambira wakhala kuyambira pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, 30 Horatian ode ( «Exegi monumentum ...») akutitsimikizira nkhani imeneyi.

Mlengi wake anapita mu mbiri monga ndakatulo-nzika, philosophically chimatanthauza malo ake mu mbiri ndi boma. (Iye anapereka ode ili ndi gawo lachitatu la "ndakatulo ya sayansi" ntchito yake yaikulu.) Mfundo chake chachikulu: wolemba ndakatulo atamukoka zolinga za zilandiridwenso mu boma, ndipo boma, nayenso amalandira iye kubwerera kwa wapadera ndakatulo image, apadera kutchuka kwake, kukongola.

ndi mtengo wa Horace kwa dziko la ndakatulo chiyani? Horace, munthu "amene Iye yekha" mlengi wa sayansi ya luso la ndakatulo, ankadziwa kuti dziko, "pali malo, osati losema mwala." Ngati mafumu ndi afarao zimalimbikitsa okha nyumba cyclopean, wolemba ndakatulo - mbuye nyimbo amalenga m'chikumbumtima wake wauzimu "zizindikiro za chosafa" - ntchito zawo. Ntchito izi ndi othandiza kukhudza mitima ya anthu a mibadwo yosiyana, zimabweretsa malingaliro ndi mayanjano. Choncho, dzina a ndakatulo iyi sizimapita mu chisokonezeko. Mfundo imeneyi Mroma kwambiri makamaka analengeza mu ode wake "Kuti Melpomene".

Chotero Horatian, koma kusintha kwa limatchula Russian, maganizo pa ndakatulo kuyika mu ntchito yake "Chipilala" Lomonosov. Ndakatulo mwina kungakhale epigraph «Sapere aude» ( «tsimikizani kugula nzeru"). Masomphenya Vasilyevich Mikhailov njira ya chitukuko cha mabuku Russian pafupifupi chinachitikira pamodzi Horatian. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti Lomonosov ndi Horace nawo zaka chikwi ndi mazana asanu!)

History kuti mawu a Horace wakhala kufika ...

Komabe, zaka 250 asanabadwe Lomonosov Italy ndakatulo Francesco Petrarca, wodziwika Catholic chithunzi cha Chitaliyana Kubadwa Kwatsopano nyengo, walenga kale, akukumana chikoka cha Horace, ndakatulo wake (sonnets, Sestina, madrigals, canzone). Wotchuka kwambiri wa cholowa kulenga ya European ndakatulo wachiroma, komanso Mikhail Vasilyevich anali Horatian lachitatu buku "Science andakatulo" imene monga muli ode "Kuti Melpomene".

Lomonosov - woyambitsa wa mabuku mwambo goratsionskoy

The kusanthula ndakatulo "Chipilala" University pa buku mu makumi a nthawi kuposa kukula kwa ndakatuloyi. Tinanyamuka, koma capacious kwambiri. Komabe, ndakatulo ya Mikhail pafupi mzimu ode wotchuka "Kuti Melpomene" Quintus Horatius Flaccus.

Pangani ndi kumasulira choyambirira cha ntchito Roma, kusonkhana yokha ndi zina, pamene kutanthauza chowathandiza munthu mabukuwo ... Izi Horatian ndakatulo mwambo analilenga Lomonosov. bwino makhalidwe kupitiriza ochepa anali ndi Russian ndakatulo Derzhavin, Pushkin, Bruce, Mayakovsky, Gamzatov Vysotsky.

Kale mu XVIII - m'ma XIX, olengedwa ake onse chipilala Derzhavin, Pushkin, Lomonosov. Kodi mtundu wa azimuth Tingaone kusintha kwa University wa chipilala kuti Pushkin chipilala? ntchito Lomonosov a yokhala - Aroma ndi Pushkin ananenanso yekha "za Russia kwambiri." Mwina Alexander Sergeevichem mkati mankhwala mfundo kusungidwa, ndipo amatchedwa Alexandria chipilala monga poyerekeza ndi.

The lokumbukira ode ndi

The kusanthula ndakatuloyi "Chipilala" Lomonosov yokhala lambiri ife Kuwulura Horace zipambano zawo ndakatulo, anazindikira mwa anthu Roma ndi boma. Iwo zomwezo chachikulu Roma, mndandanda ndipo Mikhail. Komabe, tiona kuti Lomonosov si kalaliki - zapadera. Monga m'maganizo lomonosovkogo enumeration nyota lalikulu Roma pamaso pa Wamuyaya si khungu retelling awo. Apachiyambi a lingaliro la Mikhail ntchito fanizo la yekha ndi Horace, ndi Russia ndi Rome, kuuza anthu onse za zochita za ntchito yake. Iye mwini nyota ofanana lieraturoy wake Horatian! Motero, pafupifupi vesi lililonse analemba nyimbo zake kugwirizana kale ndi Russia ndi munthu.

The kusanthula ndakatulo "Chipilala" Lomonosov olembedwa ode kuti polemba chinenero chimenechi, anati chofunika nebudnichnost lemba la - mbali khalidwe la ode lapansi. Mavesiwa amati kuwerenga anthu.

Lomonosov ntchito mabuku Russian monga "chizindikiro cha moyo wosatha,"

Kumayambiriro ode Mikhail analemba za kulengedwa kwa ndakatulo "chizindikiro cha chosafa." Kodi izi zikutanthauza poyerekezera ndi ubwino zolembalemba, zopereka zoterozo luso Horace?

Ndipotu za kuphedwa ntchito kulenga anatilamula Chirasha ndi dongosolo lake lapadera kalembedwe, mfundo za versification zogwirizana, Mitundu anayambitsa dongosolo coherent, kubweretsa izo zonse kwa chophiphiritsa - chizindikiro akuti Lomonosov ( "Chipilala"). Analysis kufunika okhalamo zopereka kwa reeks slovestnosti limasonyeza wapadera classicism Russian. Mosiyana ndi classicism European, Russian m'zaka XVIII Sichinatsitsidwe anadalira pa chitukuko cha mwambo zoweta zolembalemba. Koma Lomonosov anayamba kupanga mwa kulamula kwake. Kuti ndi chifukwa Mikhail Vasilievich, mu XVIII atumwi Russian chiphunzitso mabuku patsogolo zochita zake.

Wolemba ndakatulo ndi wosafa m'dziko la kwawo

Apa amenewa "chizindikiro chosatha" kwenikweni - dongosolo langwiro la versification anapatsidwa andakatulo onse - anzake Lomonosov. Ndipotu kwambiri Chirasha ali kunja kwa nthawi. Iwo kugogomeza ndakatulo - wasayansi amatanthauza chizindikiro imadziwika yamuyaya - mapiramidi. Zojambula Lomonosov "Chipilala" akunenetsa kuti tsogolo la ndakatulo - nzika womangidwa ndi mataye osawerengeka kwawo amenenso inextricably zogwirizana ndi izo. Iye, ngati lodziwika bwino Antaeus, wolimba m'dziko kwawo. Mkulu zilandiridwenso akhoza kudalira boma lidzakhala izo, anati Mikhail.

Kodi ofanana umunthu University ndipo Horace?

Motere ku University zokumbukira ntchito pa ndakatulo "Chipilala" iye wolemba ndakatulo, kulowerera mu zili wa ode Horatian, wakhala mtundu wa mizimu abale ndi Horace. Ngati wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma, Mikhail anayamba ntchito yake ku strata wotsikitsitsa chikhalidwe. Mu inalengedwa ndakatulo anamva nzika waudindo wapamwamba kwambiri. Onse a iwo ali ndi chikhalidwe awo ogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndipo chitsanzo chawo mu versification - zothandiza olemba ndakatulo zina.

Kupeza timagwira mzere wa Lomonosov a "Chipilala" imene yokhala ikuchokera nkhope Roma ndakatulo ndi kwenikweni amakhutira kuti deja vu ndi Russia wa m'zaka XVIII, ndakatulo zake.

University ntchito anapitiriza andakatulo

Iye, monga Horace, popanda kudzichepetsa zonyenga ndiponso moyenera mwachinsinsi zimathandiza kuti mabuku anatsatira, ie, tsogolo la ndondomeko mabuku. Iye anazindikira - ntchito yake adzakhala kufunika zonse, zimene anachita tathanthauzira mbali yaikulu ya chitukuko cha ndakatulo, umene amatipeza kupitiriza otsatira. Choncho, Lomonosov, zomwezo pambuyo Roma kwambiri, wachiwiri "Kodi ine sindikufa ..." Iye, zotsatirazi Horace, chimamanga ulemerero kwa ulemerero wa boma. Mu ndakatuloyi Lomonosov limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "Rome", ngakhale pansi owerenga wonyenga amene amaona "Russia".

Pomaliza

Analysis vesi "Chipilala" University zimatengera ife kuti nthawi imene Russian chakale ndakatulo pa siteji zoyambirira. Izo silinakwaniritsidwe chokongoletsedwa ndi gulu la ndakatulo kwambiri cha m'ma XIX: Na Nekrasov, Lermontov, Tyutchev, Pushkin. Sitidamvepo mu mawu ndi mtima wake, kuitana anthu kuti ubwino, chilungamo ndi anthu ...

Koma musaiwale kuti Russian golide gulu la ndakatulo izo analandira kuchokera University ya mtengo wapatali mphatso - chiphunzitso coherent wa apamwamba ndipo anayamba malamulo ndakatulo-katswiri wa versification. Pushkin a iambic tetrameter kupangidwa mu zasayansi kulenga ya Mikhail Vasilyevich.

University wosatsutsika kwambiri chopereka kwa ndakatulo Russian akuwonetsa monga ife ndakatulo wake "Chipilala".