Msasa wa Alesandria. Zochitika za Saint-Petersburg

Aliyense yemwe sanadzichepetse ku St. Petersburg, anamva za wina mwa anthu ake chifukwa cha ntchito za Pushkin. "Ndinadzimangira chipilala chopangidwa ndi manja ...". Kwa ndakatulo wamkulu, chizindikiro ichi cha mzinda pamtunda wa Neva chinali mlingo weniweni wa kutalika mukumvetsetsa konse kwa mawu awa. Ndikufuna kuti ndidziwe: ndi chiyani, chipilala cha Alexandria?

Zazitsulo ndi zipilala

Mwa njira, nthawi zina anthu osadziwa amanena kuti sizitsulo, koma mzati. Kodi kusiyana kwake ndi kotani? Theoretically - ayi: chipilala ndi dzina lakale la mawu omwe timadziwika bwino kwa ife. Koma kwenikweni, kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro awiriwa ndiwopambana: nsanamira ndi chinachake chokhalitsa komanso chosasuntha, ndipo nsanamirayo ndimangidwe, ndi chizindikiro cha zazikulu, zowala. Ndizotheka kulankhula za anthu odziwika "zipilala", ndizotheka zokhudzana ndi zipilala.

Liwu lodziwika bwino lomwe liwu lakuti Alexandrine Pillar, kwenikweni, silolondola: Ndipotu, dzina la zojambula ndi Alexander Column. Koma mawu omwe Pushkin adataya atha kulowa mu moyo, ndipo dzina losavomerezeka lagwira. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti chiwonetserochi chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi malingaliro apangidwe a chipilalacho, ndipo chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwewo ndi amtengo wapatali.

Chozizwitsa cha Granite

Mzinda wa Alexandria ku St. Petersburg unamangidwa mu 1834, malo ake ndi Palace Square. Lamuzani O. Montferrand wotchuka wa zomangamanga mwiniwakeyo kuti apange Mfumu Nicholas I. Chikumbutso ichi, chomwe chinaphedwa mu ufumu wa Chifumu, chinaperekedwa kwa mchimwene wamkulu wa autocrat, Alexander I_wongopambana wa nkhondo ya Russia pa Napoleon.

Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi sinali yophweka. Ntchitoyi inakhazikitsidwa: kupeza chithunzi chofanana ndi chingwe cha Trajan ku Roma, koma kutalika kuposa Vendôme ku Paris. Makhalidwe opapatizawa sanalole Monferrans kusonyeza momwe iwo aliri, ndipo mapangidwe a chikumbutso amadziwa mosavuta, ngakhale kusintha, koma malingaliro a anthu ena. Ndipo komabe chikumbutsocho chili chosiyana ndi njira yake: icho chakhala chapamwamba pakati pa zigonjetso zina padziko lapansi. Wokonza mapulaniwo, kukana zinthu zina zowonjezera zokhala ndi miyala ya monolithic 25.6 mamita pamwamba, zinagogomezera kukongola kwa chilengedwe cha granite yofiira.

Kutalika kwa nyumbayi, pamodzi ndi chifaniziro cha mngelo wokwera pamwamba, kupitirira mamita 47. Zozizwitsa zoterezi sizingatilole kuti tione mwatsatanetsatane chimene chipilala cha Alexandria chimayimira. Zithunzi, m'malo mwake, zimakulolani kuti muyese zochitika zonse za chikumbumtima, ndipo makamaka, zokongola zomwe zili pamwamba pake.

Ponena za angelo ndi mphungu

Chipilalacho sichinthu chokongoletsa chabe, komanso chimangidwe chowongolera. Ndipo pachokha palokha, ndipo chombo cha mngelo wa korona wa ntchito ya B. Orlovsky chikuchitidwa popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera potsalira za mphamvu zawo zokha. Chisankho choterocho kwa nthawi yaitali chinachititsa mantha a nzika, omwe ankaganiza kuti chipilalacho chikanagwa mwadzidzidzi. Pofuna kuthetsa mantha amenewa, womanga nyumbayo adayamba kuyenda m'mawa pomwepo pamtunda.

Chithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha mngelo wa mkuwa chiyenera kusamala kwambiri. Dzanja limodzi likwezedwa mmwamba kupita kumwamba, linalo limanyamula mtanda kupondaponda njoka. Chithunzicho chiyenera kuimira mtendere umene asilikali a ku Russia anabweretsa ku Ulaya, ndikuwamasula ku Napoleon. Maonekedwe a mngelo amafanananso ndi zomwe Mfumu Alexander I.

Malo oyandikana ndi mpanda wa chikumbutso akuwoneka mochititsa chidwi ndi zovuta za kuphedwa. Chipilala ku chipilala cha Alesandriya chili ndi mpanda wa mamita 1.5 wojambulidwa ndi mkuwa, wolemba ntchitoyo anali Montferrand. Kukongoletsa kwa mpanda kunaperekedwa ndi ziwombankhanga zazikulu ziwiri ndi zitatu zomwe zilipo zambirimbiri, komanso ziphuphu zamphongo. Mwamwayi, zaka zaposachedwapa, mbalame zazikuluzikulu "zaphedwa" mowirikiza ndi manja a anthu a m'mudzi wamba, ndipo amalowetsedwa ndi makope.

Kuchokera ku mbiri ya chikumbutso

Mwala wa Aleksandriya unatsegulidwa pa August 30, 1834 (atatha zaka zisanu ntchito). Wakaikidwa mu mtima wa Palace Square, chophimbacho chinali chomaliza pamaganizidwe ake. Mwambo wotsegulirawu unkasonkhana ndi banja lonse lachifumu, lotsogolera ndi mfumu, komanso oimira ambiri a ma diplomati. Pansi pa chipilalacho panali utumiki wapamwamba waumulungu, gulu lalikulu la asilikali la Russia linagwada pamtunda.

Mbiri ya chipilala cha Alexandria ndizochitika zambiri. Chipilalacho chinapulumuka ndi kusintha, nkhondo, ndi nyengo ya mvula ya St. Petersburg. Inde, nthawi ndi nthawi imabwezeretsedwa, koma makamaka ntchitoyi ndi yokongoletsera.

Chipilala ndi USSR

Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inali yovuta kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Soviet Union. Danga lomwe linali pafupi ndi chipilalacho linasinthidwa, mpanda m'zaka za m'ma 30 zapitazi unasungunuka pansi pa makina. Pophatikizidwa mophatikizana ndi ziphunzitso za Mulungu, mngelo asanatchulidwe atatsekedwa ndi kapu yofiira yokhala ndi zikopa kapena zofiira ndi mabuloni akutsika kuchokera ku dirigible.

Iwo amati funso loti munthu asinthe chipembedzo chachinyamatayi anali kukambirana mobwerezabwereza (poyamba anali za Lenin, ndiye za Stalin). Koma, mwatsoka, malingaliro awa sanadziwikire, ndipo mngelo amatenga malo ake oyenera. Ndondomeko zowonjezera zitsulo zazitsulo zamkuwa zazitsulo ndi zatsopano, zozikidwa pazitu zowonongeka, sizinachitenso mwina. Pambuyo pake, chipilala cha Alexandria chinalandira mpanda mosamalitsa kuchokera ku zithunzi zakale ndi zipangizo zakale. Iye anachita mwakhama mu 2004.

Munda wamaluwa

Alexander chigawo, ngakhale kuti ndi kalata yoyendera ya mzindawo, koma pali chinachake choti muyang'ane pambali pake. Zochitika za St. Petersburg zimadabwitsa ngakhale alendo ovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Nyumba ya Chilimwe ya Peter I. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zakale kwambiri mumzindawu, zopangidwa mwambo wa Baroque ndipo osati ngati nyumba yachifumu. Peter, akumanga likulu la kumpoto, analota kumanga nyumba yachilimwe, kukumbukira Versailles. Odziwika ndi zomangamanga ndi wamaluwa samagwira ntchito pachabe - malo omwe nyumba yachifumu (Garden Garden) ili pafupi ndikukongola ndi kukongola kwake. Pakiyi idakalibe mpaka lero lino malo okondedwa a anthu okhala m'matawuni komanso cholinga cha maulendo a alendo osiyanasiyana.

Bronze Horseman

Ponena za zokopazi, omwe sanakhalepo mumzinda wa Neva, amadziwanso kuchokera ku ntchito za Pushkin. "Pamphepete mwa mafunde a m'chipululu iye anaima, malingaliro a akulu ali odzaza" ... Kodi mawu awa ndi ndani? Za munthu, chikumbutso?

Ndi dzanja lamanja la ndakatulo yayikulu, Goldenman wa Copper adatchulidwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zipilala zambiri mumzinda wa Peter Great. Chikumbutsochi chimakhala chofanana ndi mkuwa, ngakhale kuti ndi chopangidwa ndi mkuwa. Wolemba wake ndi fano lachifalansa la Falcone, yemwe adasonyeza mu ntchito yake chithunzi chatsopano ndi china chosayembekezeka cha woyambitsa mzindawo. Catherine II, yemwe adalamula kuti aziwonekera, ankafuna kuti awone Petro akuwoneka ngati mfumu ya Roma mu chiwonetsero chake ndi zida zonse za mphamvu. Falcone anachita yekha. Petro wake ndi wokwera pakavalo pa stallion. Malingana ndi lingaliro la wolemba, kavalo, lokhala ndi khungu la chimbalangondo, ndi njoka yomwe ikuphwanyika ndi ziboda ndizosazindikira ndi zakutchire, koma zimagonjetsedwa ndi mfumu. Chiwerengero cha Petro mwiniwake ndi mphamvu yeniyeni, chilakolako cha kupita patsogolo ndi kusakhazikika pochirikiza mfundo zake.

Bronze Horseman si chimodzi chabe mwa zozizwitsa zambiri za mzindawo. Chiwerengero ichi ndi njira yake yofunikira; Ponena za izo muli zolemba zambiri za m'deralo ndi nthano.

Hermitage

Ngati mutayesetsa kulembetsa zochitika zodziwika kwambiri za St. Petersburg, mungathe kusokonezeka ndi mayina - pali zambiri. Ndipo pano pali malo mumzinda umene alendo aliyense ayenera kuyendera (za anthu a m'matawuni palibe funso konse - ayenera kukhala pano nthawi zambiri ngati n'kotheka). Iyi ndi Hermitage - nyumba yosungirako zojambulajambula! Nyumbayi imakhala ndi nyumba zisanu ndi imodzi, ndipo malo ake ndi malo okongola kwambiri. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumbayi ili ndi maonekedwe pafupifupi 3 miliyoni, kuphatikizapo zolengedwa zosakhoza kufa za Titi, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Raphael. Lembani zonse zamakono zomwe zasungidwa pano, ndizosatheka. Koma ndibwino kuyesa pafupifupi gawo lawo kuti liwone.

Cruiser "Aurora"

Sitimayo, pokhala m'malo osungirako kosatha pafupi ndi kumangidwa kwa mzinda, zaka za Soviet, mwana aliyense amadziwa. "Aurora" - nkhondo yolimbana ndi nkhondo, omwe amagwira nawo nkhondo zambiri zamatsenga, anali, komabe, amadziwika chifukwa china. Pa October 25, 1917, kamodzi kodziwombera ku Winter Palace, "Aurora" inakonzeratu tsogolo la revolution ndi Ufumu wa Russia.

M'zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo, iwo ankakonda kunena za anecdote yotereyi kukhitchini ya Soviet. Brezhnev akudzuka pakati pa usiku ndi thukuta lozizira, mkazi wake akudzifunsa kuti ndi chiyani. Mlembi Wamkulu akuyankhula za mavuto ake. Monga, Lenin akusambira pamtsinje wa Moskva m'ngalawamo, amamangirira pansi kwambiri ndikumuuza kuti: "Pano Aurora adzadutsa. Ndipo palinso! "

Munthu wamakono samvetsa za nthabwala. Koma kwa iwo amene anakhalamo, "Aurora" idagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha komwe anthu ankalakalaka, ndipo mphamvuyo inkawopa. Kusintha m'dzikoli kunachitikadi - komatu, patangopita nthawi pang'ono, ndipo popanda chombo. Anthu adagawanika ndi zifukwa, koma kodi ndizofunika kuzichita? Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha "Aurora" pokhapokha, musawonongeke!