A tochepa - chimene chiri kuti? Yosayambitsa ndi malongosoledwe a bizinesi yaing'ono

A kuchuluka kwambiri kwa bizns Russian ankaimira m'magulu monga kakang'ono ogwira ntchito payekha. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, ndi udindo lililonse kwa mitundu nzeru wa makampani, chifukwa oyamba SP. Palinso gulu monga kampani sing'anga-kakulidwe. Kodi zosiyana? A tochepa - ndi anthu angati? Kodi zokonda akhoza kupereka udindo wosiyana ndi maganizo zotheka miyeso thandizo la boma? Tiyeni tione zinthu zimenezi ndi kuwafotokozera mfundo zina zabwino zimene zili khalidwe kwa mabizinesi udindo wa SMEs.

Yosayambitsa kwa SMEs

M'malamulo Russian, ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe mabizinezi - ndi makalasi iwiri yosiyana ya malonda, umembala amene anatsimikiza angapo a muyezo. Talingalirani za anthu amene lililonse kwa magulu a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi malonda lililonse yaing'ono.

Ndi gulu la malonda ang'onoang'ono chiyani? Mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a malamulo, kuphatikizapo makampani, amene ntchito anthu osachepera 100. Kuchepetsa revenues pachaka amakampani sizingakhale upambana rubles 400 miliyoni. Nawonso eni (mabungwe alamulo, limene eni okha mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono) mwina upambana 25%.

Akatswiri ena amanena kuti mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe - si chinthu gulu zochuluka za makampani, amene Ndi mmene kwa pang'ono pokha. Pali mitundu ina ya mabungwe. Monga Mwachitsanzo, yaying'ono. Zikuphatikizapo mabizinesi kuti mulibe ntchito ogwira ntchito oposa 15.

Ife tikuona kuti gulu SME zingaphatikizepo mabizinesi kuti sizikuoneka kukhala "zazing'ono". Komabe, zolowa pafupi rubles 400 miliyoni - chizindikiro lalikulu lonse la kampaniyo.

I malonda sing'anga-kakulidwe

Taganizirani ndiye, kodi i malonda sing'anga-kakulidwe. pang'ono awo. Ponena za chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito, za muyezo zinafotokozedwa lamulo monga motere: ochokera 101 antchito 250. Malinga ndi ndalama pachaka - kuchokera miliyoni 401 kuti rubles 1 biliyoni. Kusiyana ndi gulu la mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, monga momwe tikuonera n'kofunika.

Umagwira ntchito, mtundu wa ntchito akutsatiridwa m'gulu? No. Choncho, lamulo lilibe malangizo alionse a demarcation. Small ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe mabizinezi - kampani kuti akhoza kuthana ndi chimodzimodzi zinthu zomwezo, koma a magulu osiyanasiyana a mabungwe yekha chifukwa cha ndalama ndi mtengo wa ndodo. Mofananamo ankaona umwini. Ltd. - kampani yaing'ono, IP - chimodzimodzi. Olowa katundu kampani - njira yomweyo. Ulamuliro N'chimodzimodzinso ntchito pafupifupi.

Yosayambitsa kwa SMEs: powunikira

Tafotokoza akugwirizana ndi zimene zimaonetsa siyana monga ogwira ntchito sing'anga ndi yaing'ono. Zidzakhala zothandiza komanso kudziwa zina matanthauzo awo zolondola.

Ngati ife kulankhula za kukula kwa boma - zikutanthauza Kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito chaka kalendala lomwe lili m'mbuyo nthawi ya olimba cofufuzila gulu mu gulu limodzi kapena wina. Zinafotokozedwa mfundo lamulo malire amaonedwa manambala palimodzi.

Mu anasonyeza ndalama ndalama kuchokera kugulitsa katundu, ntchito kapena ntchito popanda VAT. Komanso, apa mwina zidzawonjezedwa kwa katundu wa kampani, kutenga nkhani kuchuluka onyamula kwa kalendala chaka chapita ndi kafukufuku.

malonda Chatsopano SMEs

Koma momwe ikukhudzana malonda ku gulu limodzi kapena wina, tikaphunzira bungwe wongokhazikitsidwa? A gulu laling'ono, i amene mayina pamwamba, sangathe ntchito chifukwa kupanda umboni zowerengera. Komanso unakhazikitsidwa kuti pafupifupi. Pakuti Zikatero, pali ulamuliro zotsatirazi. Ngati bungwe lokhazikitsidwa kokha, akhoza wachinsinsi monga yaing'ono kapena sing'anga ngati zizindikiro kunyezimiritsa Kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito, ndalama (kapena pamodzi ndi chikalata kuchuluka) kwa nthawi kuyambira pamene zokhudza kampaniyo adalowa mu m'kaundula, osati upambana pamakomo kake. Ndiko kuti, ngati kampaniyo anakhazikitsidwa mu January ndi August zolowa zake musalumphe 400 miliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito - anthu 100, ndi - tochepa. I amadziwika.

Kuwerengetsera chimango mokoma

chinthu chimodzi zofunika kwambiri zokhudza mmene awerenge chiwerengero cha antchito. Kodi zofunika osati kuti zimenezi wasenza malinga ndi Labor Code (ie, mbiri ntchito), komanso mapangano yapachiweniweni malamulo, komanso ntchito-kugawana. Kuti ndi lingaliro la "State" mu nkhani iyi si womangidwa mbali malamulo chonse ubale ntchito pakati pa kampani ndi antchito. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti ntchito ikuchitika mwalamulo, ndipo mu mtundu chimene chingasonyeze - chifukwa TC kapena chimango mabacteria yapachiweniweni malamulo, ndi wopanga malamulo zilibe kanthu.

Mwa njira, chilamulo ndi ponseponse, chimene subcontracted zimenezi zikhoza ukugwira mapangano zonse ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu amagwira ntchito ngati womanga kwa mgwirizano boma, koma tsiku lililonse amapita ku ofesi ya makampani kasitomala monga ntchito yawo, kugwilizana ndi ndandanda ndipo amavomereza, titi, zokolola patchuthi ndi utsogoleri wa bungwe, ndi Rostrudnadzor mwina zinzawozo kampani kusaina ndi bwenzi zonse za mgwirizano ntchito ndi TC lapansi.

N'chifukwa chiyani kampani yanga udindo wa SMEs?

Tathandauzira i imene motsimikiza mukugwirizana gulu amakampani ang'ono ndi sing'anga. magawo mu funso anafotokozedwa pa mlingo malamulo. Mwachionekere kuti Makampani za thupi gulu limodzi kapena wina ndi zofunika ku maganizo a ena chiyembekezo. Kwenikweni, kodi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti kampani ali ndi udindo wa "tochepa"? Izi zikuphatikizapo udindo uliwonse? Inde, n'zotheka.

mfundo ndi yakuti mu Russia pali mapulogalamu boma ndi dera ndi oyang'anira tauni umalimbana mabizinesi yothandizira, zomwe ndi tochepa - ndi liwulo muyezo. Pali malo lonse ndondomeko anthu m'dera lino. Za mtundu wa miyeso thandizo tingalankhule?

Mitundu ya kuthandiza SMEs

Russian State mfundo kumafuna angapo ubwino, ngati bizinesi amachitika mtundu umenewu monga bizinesi yaing'ono. Ndi miyeso monga:

• ŵakwenera ankhanza msonkho (ife kuyang'ana pa icho chiri);
• mfundo chosavuta zokhudza msonkho ndi mlandu, zowerengera malipoti mtundu;
• ubwino zokhudza njira kuthetsa m'dera la chuma privatized;
• Anabweza udindo wapadera wa malonda ang'onoang'ono m'munda wa zogula anthu;
• thandizo kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za amalonda mogwirizana ndi akuluakulu supervisory;
• chithandizo kwa malonda;
• kuthandiza mabizinesi kukhala zomangamanga;
• wosiyana ndi miyeso wosalira bizinesi ya kampani SME gulu.

Amene adzathandiza anthu?

mapulogalamu ntchito yoyenera thandizo zingasiyane ndi dera (komanso pakati pa mizinda yambiri osiyana ndi midzi). Zikudalira limatchula za mafakitale ntchito. M'madera ena a boma patsogolo apamwamba wapatsidwa makampani chinkhoswe mu migodi, mu zina - makampani zitsulo. Mu mizinda yambiri Russian pali ndalama amene ntchito kwambiri za thandizo la makampani kuchita zinthu zambiri nzeru. M'mabungwe oterewa akhoza kupeza chithandizo cha anayambitsa "kuyamba akuluakulu", waukulu ntchito mfundo zomwe kawirikawiri chilengedwe cha niches zatsopano msika zochokera umisiri koma sizinali katswiri.

Zochita thandizo ku makampani wachokera ku gulu la sing'anga kakang'ono ndipo akhoza kukhala boma oyang'anira tauni maboma onse, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabungwe ndi maziko, amene udindo uwu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati bizinesi - yaing'ono nzeru ogwira ntchito, izo ungayende mu kukopa bwino ndalama ankapitabe ndi thandizo la ndalama ndi ambiri boma akumeneko.

The mavuto yaikulu m'munda wa malonda ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe

Kwenikweni, zifukwa mabizinesi akusowa thandizo boma? Kwenikweni bwino, ngakhale bizinesi yaing'ono - gulu, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kudalira zina pa ntchito ang'onoang'ono? ndi mavuto waukulu yeniyeni SMEs mu Russia chiyani?

Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti mwa mavuto ambiri lililonse - katundu mkulu msonkho. Komanso, amalonda alibe chuma chokwanira ndalama. Vuto loyamba, mu kuchita, chimaoneka makamaka kufunika kulipira malipiro zikuluzikulu ndalama boma - ndi RPF, FSS, HIF kwa antchito. Kunena za mphoto chachiwiri cha kapangidwe - ndi kupezeka otsika ngongole wotchipa. Anthu mitengo, zimene zalembedwa ndi ambiri a mabanki Russian, lolemera kwambiri chifukwa amalonda ambiri.

Wina movutikira kwa amalonda Russian - kupezeka otsika chuma dziko ndi malo. amalonda ambiri kupeza momwe akatswiri kovuta kupeza kuti ntchito zomangamanga mphamvu. Lumikizani Intaneti ndi zovuta, mitengo - mkulu. Vuto lina mabizinesi payekha, anati Mkuluyo, - kuchepa kwa anthu ogwira.

Udindo wa boma pothetsa mavuto malonda

boma, akatswiri amanena, ambiri, ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chakuti tochepa kuchitikanso mu Russia. Ndipo chifukwa zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu SME thandizo ayenera kuganizira kufunika kwa kuthana ndi mavuto apakhungu funso. M'madera ena ntchito, akatswiri kunena, zotsatira ilipo.

ŵakwenera misonkho

Choyamba, izo nkhawa katundu msonkho chomwecho. Makamaka, mabizinesi SME angapindule machitidwe ŵakwenera msonkho - STS UTII kapena eni luso. Aliyense wa modes izi nthawi zambiri umaonetsera laling'ono kwambiri kuchuluka kwa azimayi mu chuma, pamene poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chonse dongosolo. Komanso, magulu ena a anthu amalonda aliyense ali ndi ufulu kuchepetsa misonkho pa ndalama zopereka operekedwa Fund ndi penshioni, ndi HIF FSS. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi ambiri IP katundu lolingana ndi chabe. Mwa njira, apa mungathe kunena za miyeso thandizo za msonkho ndi mlandu. Ndiko chofunika kupala ndi IRS, ambiri IP - n'kulengeza pachaka. Zimafunika kasamalidwe zolembedwa zovuta kuyankha kwa iye wopanga malamulo sangosonyeza.

Ngongole ndi ndalamachi

Ndi ngongole, ndithudi, zovuta. Ngakhale anthu mabanki imene boma nayo gawo lalikulu mu kukwezedwa pa, kupereka ngongole pa zinthu zimene Yehova sankasangalala. mabizinezi ambiri amakakamizidwa kubwereka kunja, n'kupanga kunja ngongole yaikulu amapeza. Program ngongole kwa chuma bajeti, malinga ndi akatswiri, anayamba mu Russia ndi m'malo ofooka.

Pali ena njira ya chithandizo mabizinezi likuvutika boma oyang'anira tauni amapereka lapansi. Komabe, kunena kuti iwo ntchito mu njira mwadongosolo, ndi msanga, akatswiri amanena. Komanso, ndalama zimene zimaoneka mu mapulogalamu zogwirizana thandizo, akatswiri amanena, ankadabwa kuthandiza mabizinesi kuti iyende kwambiri.

ankapitabe mbali

Komabe, amakhulupirira kuti akatswiri ambiri amene ali ndi mabizinesi Russia angathe kukopa ndalama osati ku mabanki ndi kwa ndalama. Muyeso mu nkhani iyi ndi losavuta: chinthu chachikulu kuti malonda lingaliro mogwirizana ndi zokhumba za wazamalonda ndi opindulitsa. Chofunika Investor - malire ichi ndi apamwamba kuposa pafupifupi chidwi banki. Kuti mfundo ya pakuika malonda, si kusamutsa ndalama pa gawo. Ngati inu ankapitabe Investor aganiza kuti makamaka ang'onoang'ono nzeru ogwira ntchito - ndi chitsanzo cha kulumikizana kwa mfundo zomveka malonda ndi dongosolo lochititsa kunja kwa kukhazikitsa, amasangalala aganyali ndalama zawo. Pa mawu amenewa, omwe mwina sadzatha kupereka banki aliyense malonda. A tochepa - wokongola kwa ndalama zambiri, ndalama chinthu.

SMEs ndi mbali anthu

Vuto ndi mafelemu pakati boma anaganiza, ngakhale mokwanira zina. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Kukwezeleza mapulogalamu maphunziro kwa amaphunzitsidwa ku mayunivesite, kutukula maphunziro awo oyamba. zinthu izi zonse kwakukulukulu amadalira ubwino wa mfundo pagulu.

Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira, komanso ndi ntchito chiyenera kuyesetsa kusintha nyengo ambiri chilengedwe ntchito. Tengani vuto lomwelo ogwira: makampani ambiri, akatswiri kunena, kuwonjezera voliyumu ya ulimi, koma kupanga mitengo yatsopano Kusoweka. ntchito latsopano palibe, makamaka amene amafuna nkhani ya akatswiri oyenerera. Makamaka chifukwa cha zimenezi, ophunzirawo sakuchitapo kusankha ntchito kupanga, kukhulupirira kuti ntchito yawo sanalonjeze. Komanso, akatswiri amanena, osati makampani onse kulabadira vuto cha kuchuluka kwa zokolola ntchito.