Zosonkhanitsira padziko lonse lapansi luso Russian - pa Russian Museum (zojambula)

Poyamba, Russian Museum, zojambula akuimira zosonkhanitsira padziko lonse lapansi luso Russian, anali ndi pathupi gulu la ambuye yekha Russian.

anayambika

Museum linakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo la Nicholas II mu 1895, ndipo analandira udindo wa "Russian Museum wa Mfumu Alexander III». Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa lingaliro la chilengedwe ake anali wodziwika kwa Alexander wake kukonda dziko lako Alexandrovich Romanov. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anaganiza kuwombola ana a Mikhail Pavlovich Romanov Mikhailovsky Palace, monga zidzukulutudzi wa Paulo Ine akhala nzika za Germany ndi Russia womangidwa chuma chawo chokha. Alexander III anafa 1894, ndipo mu 1895 Nicholas II, amene kukwaniritsa chifuniro cha atate wake, anagula chuma yachifumu ndipo anayambitsa Russian owonetsera zakale. Zojambula kuti anali kuwapeza chuma angapo Russian.

The kubwezeretsa loyamba

Nambala yaikulu ya zojambula kuperekedwa Russian Academy of Tirhana ndi Hermitage, motero, 122 ndi 80 zojambula. Kuchokera Zima ndi awiri zachifumu wakunja kwatawuni (Gatchina ndi Alexander) analandira 95 ntchito. Russian Museum, amene zojambula pa kutsegula zambiri pa chaka totaled mayunitsi 445, 148 zojambula analandira kuchokera zopereka payekha. Yaikulu ndalama anapereka ana AB Lobanov-Rostovsky, Russian nthumwi, kalonga amene banja lake anachokera Rurik, ndi M. K. Tenishevoy, Mfumukazi, woyang'anira, amene anali yokha enamel ojambula zithunzi. Ganizo kulenga Museum luso Russian wagwa kwambiri kwa sanakonde mafani luso, kuti linakhalapo zosonkhanitsira ali kuwirikiza zaka 10. ndalama gawo chifukwa onse kuti ndalama moponya Mwaichi, ndipo kudzera zopereka.

The adalipo osachepera polity

Mu zaka zoyambirira pambuyo nyumbayi unakula mofulumira likuvutika zopereka nationalized payekha. The Russian Museum, kupenta anafika ambiri chifukwa ntchito zomwe analipo kuchokera 1921 mpaka 1928 boma Museum Fund. Choncho, mu 1925, zojambula mu zopereka Zinthu anali kale 3648. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti pa zaka za nkhondo ndi anatseka misewu sakuwupweteka kapena mpukutu wina wa zojambula ndi Zinthu kusungidwa mu zapansi ndi kuchotsedwa oposa 7.5 zikwi. Ku Perm. Mu zaka zonse za kukhalako kwa anthu apadera chikondi ndi Russian owonetsera zakale ali pa Neva. St. Petersburg chithunzi tambirimbiri awo otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse nthawi zonse anasonkhanitsa bwino. Iye akanatha kukhala likulu la ufumu waukulu wolemera. The Hermitage ndi imodzi mwa 10 bwino zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku dziko. Koma zovuta, nyumba yaikulu yomwe inali pakati pa likulu kumpoto, pa embankment wa Griboyedov Ngalande, Kumanga 2, si mosatsata kutchuka aliyense padziko lonse ndi chidwi, kapena chikondi cha onse a ku Russia.

The lodziwika bwino zakuya

Russian Museum, zomwe zithunzi akutero odziwika bwino? Popeza kutsegula mu March chaka cha 1898 mpaka pano zimapanga maziko a chikuonetseratu wake woyamba. Makamaka amatha kusiyanitsa ntchito Karla Bryullova ku Hermitage katswiri, I. I. Ivanova, F. A Bruni ndi I. K. Ayvazovskogo. chuma monga "masiku otsiriza a Pompeii" kapena "chinayi Wave", likhoza ndimalota chuma cha dziko la chisunzo.

Argunova zojambula wosafa ndi Levitsky, Venetsianov ndi Kiprensky, Tropinin ndi Fedotov anabwera kuchokera Academy of Tirhana. No zojambulajambula Russian, amene ntchito sakanati akhale ndi Russian Museum. Aivazovsky zojambula omwe anasonkhana mu holo nambala 9 - mmodzi wa olemba yaikulu ya zopereka.

Aivazovsky - mmodzi wa ngale zikuluzikulu mu korona

Mwa zojambula za dziko atakhala otchuka zojambulajambula zamoyo mndandanda wa Russian Museum ndipo pali chinsalu pa chimene chimafotokoza Yudasi kuperekedwa pa nthawi ya Khristu kwa iwo. Pali wokongola kwambiri windmill, pali maganizo chigulu cha Vesuvius. Komabe, okongola kwambiri ndi zojambula wake wodzipereka kwa nyanja: ndi Baltic ndi Mediterranean. Nthawi iliyonse tsiku: ndipo pamene mwezi ndi nyenyezi yonyezimira khungu dzuwa - nyanja Aivazovsky chabwino. Mu Russian Museum kusankha zodabwitsa za ntchito zake: nyanja mkuntho, ndi bata wathunthu, sitima kumira masautso ndi monyadira ataima misewu, kopanda bwalo ndi squadron lonse, dvadtsatipushechnye zombo nsomba - Marina Aivazovsky ndi wapadera, wapadera, zokoma, ndi awo zambiri. Payokha, inu mukhoza kulankhula za thanga la, chimawalitsika ndi dzuwa kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana, pafupi ndi pafupi.

Pamwamba pa zilandiridwenso

Okwana Russia Museum ili zojambula oposa 20 wojambula chachikulu ichi, ankadziwika kuti cholowa chake chachikulu. St. Petersburg Museum ali "chinayi kutsinde". Chinsalu ponseponse utoto 1850, ndi wotchuka kupenta pa chithunzicho. Mmodzi zojambula wotchuka kwambiri Russian luso, wotchedwa, ngakhale lachinsinsi analimbikitsa kulemba ndakatulo si ndakatulo, zoweta ndi achilendo. Makamaka wotchuka ndi mavesi Baratynsky olembedwa mu kuona wake umenewu. Oopsya nyanja ndakatulo akapatulira mizere zotsatirazi: "... dziko lapansi tinthunthumirebe pamaso pake, iye chinaphimba thambo ndi mapiko yaikulu ..."