Woyambitsa wa boma Polish. Mapangidwe boma Polish

Kumapeto kwa IX m'ma mbiri sakudziwika dzina lake pambuyo malo, Bavarian inanena magulu Asilavo mafuko moyo pa magombe a pa Vistula mtsinje, ndi Warta ndi Oder, ndipo ndawala ambiri m'dziko kumveka mu Europe Central. Poyamba olekanitsidwa mafuko Asilavo magwero kumadzulo dzina lechites kenako pamene iwo ankatchedwa glades, mutu wa mu limodzi la mafuko amphamvu; chinatuluka tate wa Polish boma Mieszko I.

makolo

Munthu mafuko akutali lechites kulamulidwa ndi akalonga amene maina mbiri sanasunge. olemba mbiri amakono adziwa uthenga chimodzi chokha, limene limafotokoza za pedigree a mafumu a glades fuko. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kudula ndi mndandanda wa bwino ntchito asilikali ndi subordinating mafuko oyandikana okha, amakonda dislodge ku kukumbukira mayina anagonjetsa olamulira, ndi kusunga miyambo yawo mu mbiri. Mu mbiri XII m'ma Galasi Anonymus analemba nthano m'kamwa mwa munda olamulira, chifukwa iwo anali mu mbiri akale. Malinga ndi anonymous, adzalamulira Gniezno Duke Popiel, amene anali atathamangitsidwa. Iye m'malo mwa Semov amene sanasunge wapamwamba, ndipo anali mwana wa wolima yosavuta Piast. Semov ndipo anayambitsa Pyastovichey mafumu, amene analamulira mu kulimbitsa Gniezno. Ndi kalonga uyu ndi anzake, Lestko Semomysl ndipo anakhala makolo a Mieszko I.

prerequisites

Ambiri mwina, Mieszko wa Ndinayamba mphamvu zake osati kuchokera zikande. Musakayikire kuti mbiri ya boma Polish inayamba kale asanabadwe kalonga, ndipo zakale Kalonga mafumu kale zinthu zofunika kwa centralize mphamvu. Mieszko makolo a ndinali Ufumuyo cholowa dziko la minda ya mafuko oyandikana kuvyan, mazovshan, lendzyan. M'magawo mukukhala zinamangidwa malinga - Grod. M'mayiko ena Grod ili pa mtunda wa 20-25 Km from mzake, ndiye, pamene nkhondoyo gulu la tsiku. Amphamvu ankhondo ndi kasamalidwe centralized zifukwa zikuluzikulu patsogolo ndi mtima wa kumunda mphamvu. Koma m'madera ambiri, madambo ndi nkhalango kuwoloka m'nkhalango analola mafuko anagonjetsa kusunga ufulu ndithu. Ankhondowo sanasinthe njira ya moyo anagwidwa ndi mafuko, ndi msonkho alimi oletsa wamba, amene anasonkhana atumiki a kalonga. Choncho, woyambitsa wa boma Polish anali mangawa akalambula wake, amene m'zaka ziwiri m'mbuyomu analenga dongosolo kulamulira.

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa

Mieszko anali mwana Semomysla Dzina la mayi ake amakhalabe osadziwika. Chiyambi cha ulamuliro Ming'oma 960, pamene tate tsogolo la dziko Polish anayamba kulamulira mu ukulu wa Wamkulu Poland pakati pa Gniezno. Patapita zaka khumi, iye kuwirikiza kawiri dera m'dziko lolamulidwa ake, annexing m'dera la Mazovia, Kujawy Pomerania ndi Gdańsk. 982 chaka anali tsiku la anagonjetsa Silesia, ndi 990 ga Ufumuyo vislyanskie kudula dziko. Zitsulo kugonjetsa ndinayamba kutenga chikhalidwe pachiswe. Magwero Western ndi Arab, panali malipoti wamphamvu boma Asilavo ndi mphamvu amphamvu ndi asilikali ophunzitsidwa bwino. Choncho amaganiza kuti boma Polish unakhazikitsidwa mu X atumwi, pamene wambiri Polish anali kukodzedwa kwambiri ndi kulimbitsa, ndi kalonga ndi retinue wake Chikristu.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity

Popanda kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity Mieszko cha Ine mwa 966 Zikanakhala zosatheka mapangidwe boma Polish. Mopanda mfundo yachilendo ya Prince anatsogolera ubale sefani ndi limati oyandikana. Mfumu Otto ine parried pofuna kugonjetsa clearings dziko lyubushan ndi Mieszko ndi ndinavomera kupereka msonkho kwa kazembe izi. Pa nthawi yomweyo mkulu akufotokozera ndi ubwenzi Polish-Czech. Kulimbitsa kugona ndi ufumu Czech, Mieszko anakwatira mwana wa Mfumu ya Bohemia, Mfumukazi Dubravka. Kwambiri awiri oyandikana - Woyera Roma ndi Czech Republic, kalonga zinachititsa kuti chigamulo kusintha kwa Chikhristu. Ubatizo mu mwambo Latin wa Prince Mieszko ananyamula 966 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chikhristu wafunsira chakuti woyamba boma Polish anamuzindikira a m'nthawi yake pa mlingo European.

Njira ya boma Polish

Pa siteji koyamba Chipolishi Chilituyaniya State wotanganidwa malo pafupifupi 250 sq M.. Km. More ndendende n'zosatheka, popeza malire a maiko utangoyamba umasintha nthaŵi zonse. Koma ambiri ali chinkhoswe mu ulimi. Anthu ambiri zambiri inkakhala wosanjikiza Kmet alimi ufulu. Kmet moyo mu banja lalikulu, ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Pambuyo kugwirizana kusiyana mafuko pakati madera apulumuka, ndi kuti wafunsira ntchitoyi gulu la maiko Polish, ndipo kenako kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity zomwezo kugona gulu la gawo mu dioceses.

utsogoleri magawano

Laling'ono loyang'anira Chigawo cha bwalolo kunali Grodsky District. Iye anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa oimira Prince, yemwe ndi zonse zaboma, nkhondo ndi zachiweruzo akuluakulu. Anasunga kutchula malo anayi oterowo mu mzinda wa Gniezno, Poznan, Geche ndi Wloclawek. Pamenepa ndi pamene asilikali maphunziro chishango onyamula ndi amuna pa mikono, amene anali maziko a asilikali Polish. Ngati ndi kotheka, asilikali kupita ndi kwa anthu wamba onse ufulu. Malinga armament ake ndi usilikali wa asilikali awa anagwetsa asilikali a retinue kalonga, koma akhala bwino ntchito mu kufufuza ndi zigawenga kuukira. Mbiri yakale amanena kuti kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XI, chiwerengero cha asilikali a Ine Mieszko anali pa 20 chikwi. Man.

Chuma cha Poland wakale

Nkhani za khamu lalikulu ndi kothandiza ankafuna azilandira otaya ndalama. Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha dziko ndi kuthandiza maiko wotanganidwa, Prince Mieszko ine analenga streamlined zachuma zida, amene ankachita nawo mu deta ndi kufalitsa misonkho. The msonkho linaperekedwa kwa anthu onse a kumidzi mu mawonekedwe a malonda a nyama husbandry ndi ulimi. Wina popezera mpata ndalama wakhala kufalitsa "zokometsera" - zosiyanasiyana ufulu ku magawo makamaka lipindulitsa pa ntchito zachuma. Regalia anali: Ndalama, migodi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali misika wagawo ndi alendo, mitundu ina ya kusaka. Waukulu katundu zinthu zinali tsitsi, Amber ndi akapolo. Koma pofika cha m'ma XI, chitukuko cha ulimi anali kuti amafuna kuchuluka zonse ntchito, ndi kukula chikoka cha mpingo limaletsa uhule anthu. Choncho, pambuyo kapolo watha kukhala XI katundu amafotokozera, ndipo kenako anasiya palimodzi.

Mapeto a ulamuliro wa Mieszko ine

M'mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, ufulu wachifumu Kalonga adutsa. Komabe, lamanja la primogeniture anali munakhala ku dera Polish, anali pafupipafupi chifukwa wosamwerana madzi pakati khama zotheka ufumu. Woyambitsa wa boma Polish anali ndi abale awiri, amene anaphedwa pankhondo, ndipo chachiwiri, Chtibor unachitika malo pakampanipo. Akufa, Mieszko ndinachoka mbali ya boma m'manja mwa mwana woyamba wa Boleslav. mwana uyu adatsikira ku mbiri Boleslav Hrabry. Zotsatira za atate wake, iye anayamba, olemera, dziko lalikulu ndi chikoka chachikulu padziko lonse. Ndipo pambuyo mndandanda wautali wa kupambana ndi zigonjetso, Boleslav Hrabry anakhala mfumu yoyamba ya boma Polish.